t«©I 


riiid  Mi  let  Ag<^  esse 


-^^MM 


1        \P:..  ^Q"'C-  DEPT. 

I'— ■r-r-r  ipV  -      ^=; 


raT" 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/1001testsoffoods00wilerich 


1001  Tests  of  Foods, 
Beverages  and  Toilet  Accessories 


HARRIS  &   EWIN6 


Dr.  Wiley  at  Work 

Tried  in  the  balance  and  found ? 


1001   Tests 

of  Foods,  Beverages  and  Toilet 
Accessories,  Good  and  Otherwise 


Why  They  Are  So 


By 
Harvey  W.  Wiley,  M.D. 

Director,  Bureau  of  Foods,  Sanitation  and  Health, 
Good  Housekeeping  Magazine 


Arranjred  by 

Anne  Lewis  Pierce,  M.S. 

Formerly  Editor,  Bureau  of  Chemistry, 
U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture 


Hearst's  International  Library  Co. 
New  York    :    :    1914 


Copyrifirht.  1912,  1913,  by 
Good  Housekeeping:  Masrazine 

Copyrifirht,  1914,  by 
Heant'a  International  Library  Ca,  Inc. 


All  rights  reserved,  including  the  trans- 
lation into  foreign  languages,  including 
ih€  Scandinavian* 


■•^^e?^ 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 


The  chemical  and  microscopical  work  lying 
back  of  this  report  was  done  under  Doctor 
Wiley's  direction,  in  the  Institute  of  Industrial 
Eesearch,  19th  and  B  Streets,  North  West, 
Washington,  D.  C,  of  which  Dr.  A.  S.  Cushman 
is  Director.  The  detail  of  the  work  was  super- 
vised by  Mr.  H.  C.  Fuller,  whose  assistance  in 
reviewing  the  data  i»  also  acknowledged. 


399034 


,    ,        Contents 

PAOB 

The   Pure   Food   Battle — Looking   Backward   and 

Forward,  By  H.  W.  Wiley ix 

Key  to  Method  of  Rating  Products     ....     xxviii 
Classified  Lists  of  Tested  Foods,  Beverages  and  Cos- 
metics, with  Comments — 

I    Baking  Powders,  Yeasts,  Etc 1 

II    Beverages    .     , 5 

Chocolates  and  Cocoas  ......  5 

Coffee  and  Tea 10 

Soft  Drinks,  Tonics  and  Medicated  Bev- 
erages    19 

III  Biscuits,  Cakes,  Etc 27 

IV  Candies 33 

V    Canned  Goods :     ( See  also  Fish  and  Meats)  41 

Fruits  (See  also  Dried  Fruits)     ...     45 

Milk  Products,  Infant's  Foods,  Etc.  .      .     48 

X        Soups,  Extracts,  Bouillon  Cubes,  Etc.    .     61 

Vegetables 66 

VI    Cereals  and  Cereal  Products      ....     72 

Breakfast  Foods 72 

Flours,  Meals  and  Brans 79 

Rice 88 

Spaghetti  and  Macaroni 91 

VII    Condiments 95 

VIII    Desserts 107 

IX    Extracts 113 

X    Fish  (Canned,  Dried,  Etc.)       ....  122 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

XI  Fruits  (Dried) .126 

XII  Household  Eemedies  and  Disinfectants  >  130 

XIII  Lard,  Butters,  and  their  Substitutes    .  .  145 

XIV  Meats  (Canned,  Dried,  Etc.)      .     y-.    r.  .  149 
XV  Olive  OUs,  Etc.      .     .     .     .     ;.     .     >  .  153 

XVI    Preserves,  Pickles,  Etc .  157 

XVII    Sugars  and  Saccharine  Products    .     .     .  163 
XVIII    Toilet  Articles 

Cold  Creams 173 

Hair  Tonics,  Shampoos,  Etc.  .     »     .     .  186 

Miscellaneous  Preparations     ....  193 

Perfumes 198 

Powders 202 

Soaps 209 

Tooth  Powders,  Pastes,  Etc 216 

Index 225 


THE  PURE  FOOD  BATTLE 
LOOKING  BACKWARD  AND  FORWARD 

FOR  a  third  of  a  century  the  fight  for  pure 
food  has  been  waged  and  the  end  is  not  yet. 
No  great  question  is  ever  settled  until  it  is  settled 
right.  The  game  is  not  over  until  one  or  the 
other  of  the  contestants  is  checkmated.  Draws 
do  not  count.  During  this  third  of  a  century  it 
has  been  my  fortune  to  be  in  the  thick  of  the  fight, 
at  first  as  a  private,  then  through  the  various 
grades  of  leadership  to  colonel  or  even  general  of 
the  brigade,  and  now  agaia  in  the  ranks.  This 
battle  has  not,  however,  been  a  fight  of  a  personal 
character  as  some  late  historians  assert.  It  was 
and  is  a  struggle  for  human  rights  as  much  as  the 
Revolution  or  the  Civil  War.  A  battle  for  the 
privilege  of  going  free  of  robbery  and  with  a 
guaranty  of  health.  It  has  been  and  is  a  fight 
for  the  individual  right  against  the  vested  interest, 
of  the  man  against  the  dollar.  My  first  partici- 
pation in  the  fray  was  a  study  of  adulteration  of 
table  syrups  for  the  Indiana  Board  of  Health  in 
1880  and  my  last  (but  I  hope  not  final)  is  this 

ix 


\ 


X  THE   PURE    FOOD    BATTLE 

book  on  tested  foods,  beverages,  and  cosmetics. 
During  those  thirty-four  years  I  do  not  believe 
that  any  one  caring  to  know  has  ever  had  to  ask 
which  side  I  am  on.  From  the  very  first  look 
into  the  awful  conditions  which  so  generally  pre- 
vailed, up  to  the  present  time,  with  a  survey  of 
the  intolerable  evils  that  still  exist,  though  happily 
to  a  less  extent,  I  have  stood  always  for  food 
that  is  food. 

The  evils  of  adulteration  are  not  many  in  kind 
but  they  ramify  into  hundreds  of  channels.  At 
first  there  was  no  ethical  standard  of  excellence 
among  manufacturers  of  food.  If  one  man  put 
out  a  high  grade  product  another  could  call  a  low 
grade  or  adulterated  article  by  the  same  name. 
A  representative  of  a  great  food  distributing  con- 
cern who  appeared  before  the  Committee  on  In- 
terstate and  Foreign  Commerce  to  protest  against 
the  passage  of  the  pending  food  bill,  declared  that 
the  food  industry  of  the  country  rested  on  fraud 
and  deception.  *  ^  Make  us  leave  preservatives  and 
coloring  matters  out  of  our  food,"  he  declared, 
**and  call  our  products  by  the  right  name  and  you 
will  bankrupt  every  food  industry  in  the  country.'* 
And  he  was  sincere  about  it  too.  Dr.  Victor  C. 
Vaughan  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  now  Presi- 
dent of  the  American  Medical  Association,  came 


THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE  xi 

to  Washington  and  testified  to  the  harmless- 
ness  of  benzoate  of  soda  in  food  and  he  was  by 
no  means  the  only,  although  the  most  renowned, 
professor  who,  in  the  interest  of  like  ingredients, 
journeyed  to  Washington  for  the  same  purpose. 
Makers  of  so-called  patent  medicines  sent  a  pow- 
erful lobby  to  Washington  to  see  to  it  that  the 
food  and  drug  bill  should  never  become  a  law.  It 
was  commonly  asserted  that  patent  medicine  in- 
terests influenced  the  public  press  to  such  an  ex- 
tent that  the  bill  would  never  pass  as  long 
as  it  contained  the  sections  relating  to  drug 
products.  The  powerful  rectifiers  of  liquors  in 
this  country  were  a  unit  in  opposing  every  step 
in  the  passage  of  a  law  that  would  interfere  with 
making  alleged  old,  mellow,  intoxicating  bever- 
ages bearing  the  name  of  the  genuine  product, 
out  of  alcohol  and  artificial  flavors  and  colors. 
Grocers  and  druggists  sent  delegations  to  protest 
against  the  enactment  of  any  measure  that  would 
prevent  the  sale  of  adulterated  and  debased  ar- 
ticles or  require  full  weight  and  measure.  Every 
man  who  used  alum,  coal  tar  dyes,  salicylic  acid, 
burning  sulphur  fumes,  benzoic  acid,  copper  sul- 
phate, saltpeter,  saccharin,  borax,  or  other  non- 
food ingredients  in  his  products  joined  the  solid 
phalanx  that  struggled  to  prevent  the  passage  of 


xii  THE   PURE    FOOD   BATTLE 

a  law  which  would  interfere  with  these  despic- 
able means  of  making  money.  Manufacturers 
and  dealers  who  would  gladly  have  continued  to 
make  pure  and  properly  branded  goods  were 
forced  by  unfair  competition  to  practice  the  arts 
of  adulteration  and  misbranding. 

As  the  public  was  led  into  the  knowledge  of 
these  abuses  and  the  pressure  began  to  be  felt 
looking  to  their  correction,  the  enemies  of  pure 
food  began  to  cry  *  *  muckraking, ' '  ^  ^  exaggeration, '  * 
** publicity  bureaus,*^  ** yellow  journalism,'*  etc., 
seeking  to  raise  a  cloud  of  dust  which  would  hide 
the  real  issue.  A  campaign  of  personal  denun- 
ciation and  disparagement  was  inaugurated  of  a 
magnitude  that  can  only  be  appreciated  by  those 
whose  activities  and  principles  were  directed  to- 
ward the  cleaning  of  the  Augean  stables  of  trade. 
By  the  accident  of  my  official  position,  I  had  the 
good  fortune  to  be  the  target  of  a  veritable  fusil- 
lade of  poisoned  arrows  from  every  trade  journal, 
newspaper  and  magazine  which  the  adulterating 
interests  could  control.  There  was  hardly  a  week 
that  some  interested  organization  or  mercenary 
interest  did  not  demand  my  removal  from  the  pub- 
lic service.  Detectives  were  placed  on  my  track 
and  every  possible  means  employed  to  prejudice 
my  scientific  standing  and  official  integrity. 


THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE  xiii 

Fortunately  the  more  bitter  and  venomous  the 
attacks  the  more  rapidly  the  cause  grew  and 
waxed  strong.  The  Federated  Women's  Clubs, 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  the  labor  organizations 
and  the  medical  profession  all  joined  enthusias- 
tically the  army  fighting  for  pure  food.  Finally 
the  first  part  of  the  long  battle  came  to  a  close. 
The  pure  food  army  gained  a  complete  victory. 
On  the  30th  day  of  June,  1906,  the  President  of  the 
United  States  signed  the  Act  which  forbade  in- 
terstate and  foreign  commerce  in  adulterated  or 
misbranded  foods  and  drugs.  Although  the  first 
battle  was  won  the  war  was  not  over.  The  de- 
feated squadrons  of  the  unethical  and  mercenary 
interests  were  driven  from  the  field  but  they  were 
not  destroyed.  What  was  their  next  move?  To 
pervert  the  purposes  of  the  Act  and  to  control  its 
execution.  Under  the  provisions  of  the  law  the 
Bureau  of  Chemistry  of  which  I  was  Chief,  was 
charged  with  the  analysis  of  all  samples  for  the 
purpose  of  determining  whether  they  were  adul- 
terated or  misbranded.  The  Bureau  of  Chemistry 
was  pledged  to  one  very  simple  but  most  impor- 
tant principle,  namely:  *^When  in  doubt  protect 
the  consumer.''  The  interests  pledged  to  adul- 
teration and  misbranding  were  not  slow  to  learn 
that  they  had  nothing  to  hope  from  a  Government 


xlv  THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE 

Bureau  animated  by  such  an  unheard  of  rule. 
They  immediately  set  about  devising  ways  and 
means  to  put  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  out  of  busi- 
ness. They  secured  the  appointment  of  another 
body,  the  Board  of  Food  and  Drug  Inspection, 
charged,  in  direct  contempt  of  the  law,  to  decide 
the  question  of  what  was  or  was  not  an  adul- 
teration or  misbranding.  The  decisions  of  this  il- 
legal board  were  by  executive  order  made  binding 
on  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry. 

The  appointment  of  this  Board  was  hailed  with 
shouts  of  approval  by  every  interest  and  every 
individual  who  had  opposed  the  enactment  of  the 
law.  They  were  not  mistaken.  In  the  most  di- 
rect and  contemptuous  manner  this  Board  pro- 
ceeded to  do  the  kind  of  work  which  it  was  ap- 
pointed to  accomplish.  But  there  were  certain 
difficulties  in  the  way.  The  Bureau  of  Chemistry 
anticipating  the  probability  of  the  passage  of  a 
food  law  had  carried  on  extensive  experiments  on 
young  men  for  a  period  of  several  years  and  had 
demonstrated  that  certain  bodies  used  to  preserve 
and  color  foods  were  injurious  to  health.  These 
experiments  had  shown  that  boric  acid  and  borax, 
salicylic  acid  and  salicylates,  sulphurous  acid  and 
sulphites,  benzoic  acid  and  benzoates  and  sulphate 
of  copper  were  bodies  seriously  affecting  health 


p  THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE  xv 

and  therefore  forbidden  under  the  law  to  be  placed 
in  food.  These  conclusions  so  inimical  to  the  in- 
terests of  those  who  added  them  to  foods  and  so 
beneficial  to  the  eaters  of  foods  must  be  set  aside. 
How  was  this  to  be  done  ?  There  was  no  legal  way 
to  accomplish  it.  The  courts  could  not  be  de- 
pended upon,  in  fact  they  were  so  unmindful  of 
the  vested  interests  that  they  were  in  most  cases 
actually  supporting  the  findings  of  the  Bureau  of 
Chemistry.  Therefore,  resort  was  again  had  to 
executive  action.  Without  due  regard  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  law  questions  relating  to  the  ef- 
fect of  certain  of  these  preservatives  on  health 
were  referred  to  a  Commission  of  Scientific  Ex- 
perts, established  by  executive  order.  Pending 
the  action  of  this  Commission  the  adulterators 
were  permitted  to  poison  the  people  of  the  country 
ad  libitum  and  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  was  di- 
rected to  bring  no  action  against  those  who  used 
these  poisonous  products. 

What  followed?  A  hallelujah  chorus  from  all 
the  cohorts  of  adulteration.  It  was  a  complete 
triumph  for  the  hosts  of  Satan  in  so  far  as  offi- 
cialdom was  concerned.  But  not  so  with  an  out- 
raged Public  Opinion.  The  press  and  the  people 
and  also  many  food  manufacturers  rallied  in  over- 
whelming numbers  to  the  support  of  the  Bureau 


xvi  THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE 

of  Chemistry,  hindered  and  halted.  Barely  if 
ever  has  there  been  seen  in  any  country  such  an 
overwhelming  condemnation  of  official  acts. 
Practically,  however,  the  Janus  doors  of  adul- 
teration were  wide  open  to  such  manufacturers  as 
chose  to  use  them.  To  the  credit  of  the  American 
business  man  it  can  be  said  that  comparatively 
few  availed  themselves  of  this  official  indulgence 
to  poison  and  defraud. 

How  deadly  these  concessions  to  adulteration 
have  proved  to  the  states  that  have  attempted  a 
better  execution  of  the  law  than  that  instituted 
by  the  National  Government,  is  vividly  shown  by 
an  article  in  the  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  Indiana 
State  Board  of  Health  for  December,  1913.  The 
title  of  the  article  is  ^'Benzoate  of  Soda  and  Sul- 
phites,''  and  the  quotation  is  as  follows: 

**  After  hearing  little  from  these  old  friends  for  more 
than  a  year,  we  are  forced  to  admit  that  the  lessons  of 
the  past  have  not  been  sufficiently  thorough  to  protect 
our  markets,  for  recent  samples  of  cider  have  shown  the 
presence  of  benzoate  of  soda,  and  several  samples  of 
grape  juice  have  been  found  to  be  bleached  and  pre- 
served with  sulphurous  acid.  Occasional  samples  of  so- 
called  Maraschino  cherries,  tomato  catsup  and  sweet 
pickles  collected  from  towns  supplied  from  Cincinnati 
and  Chicago  have  also  shown  these  preservatives. 


THE   PURE    FOOD    BATTLE         xvii 

'*Two  things  are  evident.  We  can  never  relax  our 
vigilance  in  the  protection  of  the  food  supply  in  the  be- 
lief that  we  have  reached  a  pure  food  millenium,  and 
further,  it  is  unwise  to  rely  too  firmly  in  the  belief 
that  manufacturers  shipping  goods  into  the  State  are 
careful  to  advise  themselves  as  to  our  laws  before  they 
take  their  orders  or  make  shipments.'' 

In  about  a  year  the  Remsen  Board  brought  in 
its  first  verdict  over-ruling  the  Bureau  of  Chem- 
istry on  the  benzoate  matter,  and  by  official  pro- 
mulgation the  food  manufacturers  of  this  country 
were  promised  complete  immunity  in  the  use  of 
benzoic  acid  and  benzoate  in  any  food  and  in  any 
quantity  they  might  choose.  There  is  a  wide- 
spread impression  that  the  quantity  permitted  is 
limited  to  one-tenth  of  one  per  cent.  This  is  not 
so.  A  food  manufacturer  may  put  a  shovelful  of 
benzoate  into  any  quantity  of  food  he  pleases  and 
he  is  promised  perfect  immunity  in  so  doing.  No 
more  outrageous  and  intolerable  disregard  of  pub- 
lic rights  and  morals  was  ever  perpetrated  by  the 
most  vicious  despotism  described  in  the  world's 
history.  After  a  few  years  more  the  Eemsen 
Board  rendered  another  decision  supporting  the 
action  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  in  declaring 
saccharin  an  unfit  ingredient  of  human  food,  but 
meanwhile  during  all  these  years  the  public  was 


xviii        THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE 

exposed  to  its  free  and  unlimited  use.  Again  a 
short  time  ago  the  Remsen  Board  rendered  a  ver- 
dict supporting  the  contention  originally  made  by 
the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  that  sulphate  of  copper 
is  a  poisonous  body,  and  as  such  should  not  be 
added  to  food.  Thus  again  the  people  of  this 
country  were  exposed  to  the  dangers  of  eating 
copper  salts  for  five  years,  simply  because  adul- 
terators demanded  a  review,  hoping  for  a  reversal 
of  the  decision  of  the  Bureau. 

The  other  questions  referred  to  the  Eemsen 
Board,  namely,  the  eifect  of  sulphurous  acids  and 
sulphites  and  of  alum  on  health,  up  to  March  of 
1914,  remain  unanswered  by  the  Remsen  Board, 
or  if  answered  the  verdict  is  sealed  in  impene- 
trable gloom  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Now  for  nearly  seven  years  our  people  have  been 
exposed  to  serious  injury  by  the  presence  of  these 
poisons  in  foods,  under  the  high,  though  illegal, 
interpretation  of  a  law  enacted  to  protect  the 
American  people  but  turned  by  executive  procla- 
mation to  the  protection  of  adulterators ! 

This  country  has  for  so  many  years  existed  in 
an  atmosphere  of  the  sacred  rights  of  the  dollar 
that  these  concessions  to  Mammon  have  been 
looked  upon  as  the  chief  function  of  law  and  its 
interpretation.    This  sentiment  has  been  still  more 


THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE  xix 

definitely  crystallized  by  the  decisions  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  which  on  the  two  occasions  in  which 
the  purpose  of  the  law  to  protect  the  consumer 
has  been  under  advisement  has  ruled  adversely  to 
his  interests.  The  first  of  these  decisions  was  in 
the  famous  Johnson  Cancer  Case,  in  which  the 
Court  ruled  that  the  law  against  false  statements 
did  not  apply  to  the  cure-all  claims  of  the  fake 
remedy;  and  the  second  case,  viz.,  that  of  the 
United  States  vs.  Bleached  Flour,  that  poisons 
may  be  added  to  food  unless  the  proof  of  possible 
injury  to  health  is  convincing. 

During  these  long  and  unsavory  years  I  tried 
to  the  best  of  my  ability  to  discharge  faithfully  the 
difiicult  duties  committed  to  me,  in  harmony  with 
the  obligations  of  my  solemn  oath  of  office  and  in 
the  interest  of  the  American  people.  In  spite  of 
official  disfavor  which  made  my  environment  par- 
ticularly hard  and  in  spite  of  the  bitter  denuncia- 
tion of  a  few  journals  (a  mere  fraction  of  the  en- 
tire press  of  the  country)  inspired  by  a  question- 
able zeal,  I  held  on,  hoping  that  some  change  might 
come  and  that  the  spirit  of  service  to  the  people 
might  again  enter  into  the  heart  of  our  high  rulers. 
And  what  then?  Colleagues  preferred  serious 
charges  against  me  without  the  shadow  of  a  foun- 
dation, my  superior  officers  lent  a  ready  ear,  I 


XX  THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE 

was  tried  in  a  Star  Chamber  without  my  kaowl- 
edge  and  on  ex  parte  evidence,  convicted  and  sen- 
tenced to  be  dismissed  from  the  position  that  I 
had  held  for  nearly  thirty  years.  This  outrageous 
proceeding  attracted  the  attention  of  Congress. 
A  searching  investigation  of  the  charges  against 
me  was  made  and  I  was  unanimously  exonerated. 
Nevertheless,  the  men  who  had  falsely  and  mali- 
ciously accused  me  and  manufactured  the  evidence 
on  which  I  was  convicted  were  continued  in  office 
and  in  favor.  As  a  protest  against  this  condition 
of  affairs  I  resigned  as  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of 
Chemistry  on  March  15, 1912. 

Within  two  weeks  of  that  time  on  April  1, 1912, 
I  began  my  work  for  Good  HouseJceeping  with  a 
guarantee  of  academic  freedom  of  expression  and 
an  advisory  supervision  of  the  advertisements  of 
foods,  remedies  and  cosmetics  admitted  to  its  col- 
umns. No  one  who  has  not  experienced  what  I 
went  through  can  conceive  of  the  feeling  of  relief 
which  I  then  enjoyed.  Coming  out  of  a  field  in 
which  all  the  foremen  had  been  my  enemies  I 
entered  a  garden  of  activity  in  which  all  the  head 
men  were  my  friends.  In  this  favorable  environ- 
ment I  have  had  unrestricted  opportunity  to  carry 
on  my  battle  for  pure  food,  finding  no  enemy  to 
stab  me  in  the  back.    In  connection  with  this  work 


THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE  xxi 

I  have  had  the  good  fortune  with  the  laboratory 
facilities  given  me  by  Good  Housekeeping  to  ex- 
amine chemically  more  than  a  thousand  samples 
of  common  foods,  beverages,  cosmetics  and  con- 
fections. I  have  also  been  permitted  to  criticise 
the  labels  and  advertisements  by  means  of  which 
these  products  are  offered  to  the  consumer.  In 
the  great  battle  for  the  right  a  determined  and 
methodical  assault  has  been  made  upon  false  and 
misleading  representation  to  the  public.  The  fake 
remedy,  the  inert  appliance,  the  exaggerated  vir- 
tue, all  are  intended  to  mislead  and  deceive.  Per- 
fect candor  and  truth  should  characterize  all 
claims  made  for  all  merchandise.  The  public  gaze 
is  already  turned  on  these  faults.  The  press  is 
already  taking  notice.  The  Associated  Advertis- 
ing Clubs  of  the  country  have  undertaken  a  sys- 
tematic campaign  against  these  extravagant  and 
often  harmful  misrepresentations.  Pure  Adver- 
tising is  fit  handmaiden  for  Pure  Food. 

These  are  the  objects  I  have  had  in  view  in  the 
work  done  under  the  auspices  of  Good  Housekeep- 
ing. The  way  in  which  these  principles  have  been 
used  as  measuring  rods  to  guide  me  in  the  de- 
cisions reached  call  for  a  word  of  explanation  that 
the  scope  and  results  of  the  work  may  not  be  mis- 
interpreted and  the  maximum  amount  of  practical 


xxii         THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE 

good  may  be  done.  While  these  investigations 
were  undertaken  primarily  to  protect  the  adver- 
tising columns  of  Good  Housekeeping,  their  deeper 
purpose  was  to  render  a  constructive  service  to 
the  cause  of  pure  food  and  its  honest  labeling, 
merchandising,  and  advertising.  This  service 
could  only  be  made  broadly  effective  by  placing 
on  record  the  results  of  our  findings  on  the  thou- 
sand or  more  samples  of  foods,  drug  products  and 
cosmetics  that  have  passed  through  the  laboratory 
during  the  past  two  years  together  with  the  rea- 
sons of  those  decisions.  This  is  for  the  mutual 
advantage  of  the  progressive  manufacturer  and 
the  woman  buyer  who  in  many  cases  is  groping 
blindly  in  a  maze  of  doubts  and  fears  as  to  what 
is  and  what  is  not  an  adulterated  or  misbranded 
package. 

No  one  can  realize  more  clearly  the  limitations 
and  imperfections  of  such  a  piece  of  work  than 
those  who  have  struggled  with  the  detail  of  it. 
It  is  urged  that  such  partial  lists,  of  necessity  open 
to  differences  of  opinion  as  to  their  grading,  work 
injustices,  are  incomplete  and  therefore  should  not 
be  printed.  This  does  not  seem  to  be  an  adequate 
reason  for  lacking  the  courage  to  take  the  next 
step  and  submit  the  work  on  its  merits  as  far  as 
it  has  been  carried.    No  change,  no  reform,  no 


THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE        xxiii 

big  piece  of  work  has  ever  been  carried  through 
without  minor  and  incidental  hardships,  and  while 
the  impossibility  of  perfection  in  such  an  under- 
taking is  manifest,  the  doing  of  it  seems  none 
the  less  serviceable  and  worth  while,  from  the 
broadest  point  of  view. 

Among  the  difficulties  that  beset  the  task  are 
these:  As  the  chemist  and  microscopist  can  not 
take  the  place  of  the  factory  inspector,  some  de- 
fects are  not  disclosed  by  analysis  though  pro- 
nounced bad  conditions  might  be  reflected  in  the 
product.  The  products  of  the  same  company  vary 
from  time  to  time,  or  from  season  to  season — the 
output  is  not  uniform,  any  more  than  is  the  out- 
put of  the  home  kitchen,  and  therefore  determina- 
tions on  one  or  two  samples  may  be  misleading. 
This  is  especially  true  of  goods  handled  by  jobbers, 
bought  here  and  there,  and  labeled  with  a  common 
brand  or  distributor's  name.  Again  an  excellent 
product  may  be  extravagantly  labeled  and  mis- 
leadingly  praised,  while  a  mediocre  one  may  be  ir- 
reproachable in  this  regard,  and  the  rating  must 
be  balanced  to  give  the  sanest  and  most  practical 
help  to  the  buyer.  These  and  many  other  inter- 
acting causes  make  ^^whitelisting"  a  thankless 
undertaking.  This  book  is  not  a  white  list  nor  a 
black  list.    There  are  doubtless  many  products 


xxiv         THE    PURE    FOOD    BATTLE 

not  mentioned  wMeh  are  as  good  as  those  we  have 
examined ;  and  no  effort  was  made  to  find  products 
to  condemn.  On  the  other  hand,  we  sought  in  the 
open  market  those  foods  having  a  general  sale  and 
presumably  of  the  best  quality,  that  the  advice 
might  be  positive  rather  than  negative  in  its  char- 
acter. 

It  is  something  to  be  able  to  say  definitely  that 
the  representative  samples  of  the  products  listed, 
on  which  we  shared  the  consumer's  luck,  are  free 
from  injurious  or  debasing  ingredients,  are  at 
least  of  standard  quality,  and  in  many  cases  are 
superior  to  the  requirements  maintained  by  fed- 
eral and  state  regulations,  that  the  package  offers 
honest  weight  or  measure,  and  that  the  labeling 
is  not  misleading  in  any  essential  particular. 
And  that  is  what  we  do  say  of  the  ** starred"  prod- 
ucts reported.  Occasionally  a  meaningless  flight 
of  fancy  on  the  label  or  in  the  circular  matter  of  a 
very  fine  quality  product  has  been  but  lightly 
scored — the  most  practical  service  seeming  to  de- 
mand this.  Some  may  think  that  too  much  stress 
has  been  laid  upon  exaggerated  claims.  But  the 
importance  of  insisting  on  truthful  descriptions 
of  foods,  drugs,  and  cosmetics,  their  uses  and 
value,  as  well  as  their  composition,  can  not  be 
overestimated,  whether  the  statements  appear  on 


THE   PURE    FOOD   BATTLE  xxv 

the  label,  in  circulars,  or  in  the  advertisement. 
Otherwise  the  consumer  is  hopelessly  at  the  mercy 
of  the  imagination  of  the  label  or  advertisement 
writer,  all  relative  sense  of  value  is  lost,  and  in- 
telligent buying  is  impossible.  To  permit  it  in 
any  marked  degree,  because  the  product  is  other- 
wise a  good  one,  halts  the  whole  reform  movement, 
as  it  makes  competition  unfair,  the  honest  man's 
sanely  described  product  being  overshadowed  by 
the  vocabulary  of  his  business  rival.  Far  reach- 
ing and  radical  changes  have  been  made  in  the 
descriptive  material  of  many  well  known  products, 
since  the  folly  of  claiming  that  everything  is  the 
^^best"  the  *'most  nutritious,''  the  ^'only  thing" 
of  the  kind  worth  buying,  becomes  rather  striking 
when  all  of  these  superlatives  are  gathered  to- 
gether within  a  few  pages  of  each  other  in  our 
magazines  and  newspapers.  A  shrieking  chorus 
of  contradictory  superlatives  gets  no  one  any- 
where, either  buyer  or  seller. 

It  will  be  noted  that  products  ranging  from  85 
to  100  per  cent,  are  starred.  Manifestly  there 
must  exist  among  these  minor  differences  of 
quality,  the  use  of  more  or  less  expensive  packages 
and  wrapping,  etc.  A  product  rated  at  85  is  not 
so  near  perfection  as  one  rated  at  95.  An  olive 
oil,  for  example,  may  be  pure,  meet  all  the  required 


xxvi         THE    PURE    FOOD  BATTLE 

tests  and  standards,  but  be  less  characteristic  in 
odor  and  flavor,  less  distinctive  in  character  than 
another.  The  preference  may  be  largely  a  matter 
of  taste  and  it  did  not  seem  practicable  to  en- 
deavor to  distinguish  any  more  closely  between 
grades  of  excellence  than  this.  The  problem  is 
further  complicated  by  the  question  of  relative 
cost.  One  product  may  be  wholesome,  nutritious 
or  pleasing,  and  a  good  bargain  at  50  cents,  though 
not  so  delicious,  nor  of  quite  such  high  grade 
as  something  of  the  same  kind  sold  at  a  dollar. 
Plainly  this  is  a  question  in  itself  and  one  that 
could  be  given  only  secondary  consideration  in 
grading  a  large  number  of  miscellaneous  products. 
The  housewife  must  adapt  the  findings  to  her  own 
taste  and  pocketbook  to  some  extent. 

The  same  questions  arise  repeatedly  in  corre- 
spondence, concerning  certain  classes  of  foods,  the 
special  adulterations  to  be  avoided,  the  points  to 
be  noted  in  reading  the  labels,  the  standards  that  a 
first  class  product  should  attain,  and  so  on.  The 
introduction  to  each  classified  list  of  products  is 
intended  to  cover  as  briefly  and  simply  as  possible 
some  of  these  salient  points,  to  aid  the  judgment 
of  the  housekeeper  in  general  buying  and  to  as- 
sist in  an  intelligent  interpretation  of  the  ratings. 

One  of  the  many  bright  lights  in  the  rather  thick 


THE    PURE    FOOD  BATTLE        xxvil 

cloud  of  difficulties  that  hung  about  this  pioneer 
effort  was  the  readiness  of  most  of  the  leading 
manufacturers  and  advertising  men  to  modify 
claims,  labels,  and  advertisements  when  inconsist- 
encies and  inaccuracies  were  brought  to  their  at- 
tention. The  time  is  undoubtedly  coming  when  it 
will  be  a  confession  of  inferiority  to  overrate  or 
distort  the  merits  and  special  uses  of  any  com- 
modity— just  as  any  boaster  is  self-branded  a 
light-weight  rather  than  a  man  of  parts.  To 
hasten  the  coming  of  this  day,  to  uphold  the  hands 
of  the  manufacturers,  who  in  a  transition  period, 
at  some  sacrifice  and  under  unfair  conditions  of 
competition,  are  willing  to  make  this  advance  and 
speak  the  plain  truth  about  an  honest  product, 
depending  on  merit  rather  than  on  language  to  sell 
their  goods;  and  to  serve  the  housekeepers,  who 
are  the  buyers  of  the  nation's  food  and  on  whose 
judgment  and  wise  selection  the  health  of  thou- 
sands of  workers  and  children  largely  depend — 
we  offer  this  report  of  progress,  believing  that  in 
spite  of  its  necessary  limitations,  it  will  be  useful 
to  buyer  and  seller  alike.  The  object  is  neither 
to  praise  nor  to  condemn,  but  to  serve.  To  fur- 
nish a  stepping  stone  in  the  quagmire  of  doubts 
that  the  food  agitation  has  created,  to  lay  a  foun- 
dation for  further  work,  to  provide  the  housewife 


xxviii       THE    PURE    FOOD  BATTLE 

with  both  specific  and  general  information  on 
mooted  points,  and  above  all  to  give  a  further  im- 
petus to  the  movement  toward  higher  standards 
in  the  manufacture,  merchandising,  and  advertis- 
ing of  foods,  so  essential  to  the  well  being  of  all — 
is  the  purpose  of  this  book. 

H.   W.   WiLBY. 

Washington,  D.  C,  March,  1914. 
KEY  TO  METHOD  OP  RATING  PRODUCTS 

Starred  prod/ucts  {^)  are  those  rated  at  85  to  100,  represent- 
ing high  quality  and  full  weight  and  measure  with  accurate 
labeling  and  reasonably  conservative  claims. 

(N)  indicates  a  noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84,  given 
to  products  subject  to  such  criticism,  in  my  judgment,  as  incor- 
rect labeling,  slightly  short  weight,  relatively  inferior  quality, 
etc. 

Disapproved  products  (D),  rated  at  75  and  less,  are  only  in  a 
few  instances  actually  harmful  (though  some  do  contain  chemical 
preservatives,  alum,  artificial  colors,  etc.,  deemed  injurious  to 
health),  but  are  so  classed  because  they  are,  in  my  opinion,  of 
low  quality,  or  are  misbranded,  or  carry  grossly  exaggerated 
claims  as  to  efficiency  or  nutritive  value. 


A  two-year  period  (April  1912-1914)  is  covered  by  the  ex- 
amination of  these  samples.  The  character  of  some  of  the 
products  may  have  changed  since  they  were  studied,  labels  and 
circulars  may  have  been  revised,  and  wherever  such  changes 
have  been  brought  to  our  attention  we  have  met  the  improve- 
ment with  a  reconsideration  and  re-rating  of  the  product  on  its 
merits.  Ratings  will  be  advanced  as  fiirther  improvements  are 
noted. 


1001  Tests  of  Foods, 
Beverages  and  Toilet  Accessories 


Note:  Changes  and  corrections  in  ratings  and  descriptive 
matter  will  be  published,  as  opportunity  may  offer,  in  Good 
Housekeeping  Magazine,  All  communications  concerning  such 
changes  should  be  addressed  to  me  as  Director  of  the  Good 
Housekeeping  Bureau  of  Foods,  Sanitation  and  Health,  Wood- 
ward Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

H.  W.  Wiley. 


1001  TESTS 

Classified  Lists  of  Tested  Foods,  Beverages 
and  Cosmetics  with  Comments. 


BAKING  POWDEES,  YEASTS,  ETC. 

THERE  are  three  kinds  of  baking  powders,  tlie 
cream  of  tartar  type;  the  phosphate  pow- 
ders; and  the  alum  powders.  From  the  stand- 
point of  economy,  what  the  housekeeper  wants  is 
the  powder  with  the  highest  carbon  dioxide  con- 
tent and  the  minimum  of  starch  or  filler  necessary 
to  preserve  its  strength.  High  grade  powders 
contain  from  12  to  14  per  cent,  of  carbon  dioxide. 
Below  10  per  cent,  is  poor  quality.  All  leave  a 
mineral  residue  in  the  bread  and  for  this  and  other 
reasons  I  believe  them  to  be  relatively  less  health- 
ful than  the  products  made  with  yeast.  For  con- 
venience, for  quick  use,  etc.,  the  baking  powders 
are  unequaled,  and  the  hot  bread,  cakes,  pancakes, 
so  made  fill  a  permissible  role  in  the  menu,  if  not 

'*  over-worked/' 

1 


2  1001    TESTS 


The  alum  powders  are  the  least  desirable,  there 
being  grave  question  as  to  their  wholesomeness. 
Between  the  other  two  types  there  is  not  much  to 
choose.  Two  teaspoonfuls  of  a  tartrate  powder 
leave  in  a  loaf  made  from  a  quart  of  flour, 
about  165  grains  of  Eochelle  salts,  45  grains 
more  than  a  Seidlitz  powder.  The  phosphate 
type  leaves  in  the  loaf  a  still  larger  amount 
of  phosphate  of  lime  and  phosphate  of  soda,  the 
latter  being  slightly  purgative.  The  alum  pow- 
ders leave  a  deposit  of  hydrate  of  aluminum  and 
sulphate  of  soda,  or  if  phosphate  is  used,  which  is 
now  generally  the  case,  phosphate  of  aluminum  is 
also  present.  There  is  some  difference  of  opinion 
as  to  the  degree  of  solubility  of  aluminum  salts 
and  their  exact  physiological  effect.     (See  p.  4.) 

Of  late  egg  albumen  has  been  added  to  baking 
powders,  especially  alum  powders,  and  claims 
made  as  to  the  added  nutriment  so  obtained  and 
the  greater  eflSciency  of  the  powder.  The  albumen 
gives  a  fine  thick  foam  when  mixed  with  water,  and 
the  demonstrator  points  this  out  as  evidence  of  its 
greater  efficiency.  These  claims  are  misleading 
and  the  use  of  albumen  in  baking  powders  has 
been  prohibited  in  some  States  on  this  ground. 
Formerly,  many  powders  contained  a  slight  trace 
of  either  lead  (in  cream  of  tartar  powders)  or 


BAKING    POWDERS,    YEASTS,    ETC.       3 

arsenic  (in  phosphate  powders),  but  these  bodies 
are  now  practically  eliminated  from  well-made 
products. 

TESTED  BAKING  POWDERS,  YEASTS,  ETC. 

J  {Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;   disapproved  produots 

{D)y  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Calumet  Baking  Powder  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Calumet  Baking  Powder.    {Contains  alum  and  egg 
albumen  declared  on  label.    Doubtful  if  ^^  com- 
plete neutralization'^  of  alum  is  always  effected 
as  claimed.) 
Cleveland  Baking  Powder  Company,  New  York  City. 
:k  Cleveland's  Superior  Baking  Powder.     {Cream  of 
tartar  type.) 
Corby  Brothers,  Washington,  D.  C. 
*  Yeast. 

Davis,  R.  B.,  Company,  Hoboken,  N.  W. 

(D)  Davis  0.  K.  Baking  Powder.     {An  alum  baking 
powder,  correctly  labeled.) 

Fleischmann,  Company,  The,  Washington,  D.  C. 

^  Yeast.  {Good  yeast  but  starch  present,  presence 
of  ^Uapioca  flour"  being  declared  in  very  small 
type.) 

Gimibert,  S.,  and  Company,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Up-Rise  Baking  Powder.     {Alum  baking  powder 


4  1001    TESTS 


containing    egg    albumen,    and    correctly/    la- 
beled.) 
Jaques  Manufacturing  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  K.  C.  Baking  Powder.     {An  alum  baking  pow- 
der, accurately  labeled.) 
Price  Baking  Powder  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

^  Dr.  Price's  Cream  Baking  Poyder.     {Cream  of 
tartar  type.) 
Royal  Baking  Powder  Company,  New  York  City. 

*  Royal  Baking  Powder.     {Cream  of  tartar  type, 

excellent  product  but  claim  ^^ absolutely  pure,'' 
untenable  as  is  always  the  case.) 
Rumford  Chemical  Works,  Providence,  R.  I. 

*  Rumford  Baking  Powder.     {Phosphate  type.) 
Slade,  D.  and  L.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

^  Congress  Baking  Powder.    ( Cream  of  Tartar  type. ) 

^  Absolutely  Pure  Grape  Cream  of  Tartar.     {Equal 

to   Pharmacopoeial   standard   as   claimed,    but 

phrase  ^'absolutely  pure"  objectionable.) 

"At  Baking  Soda — Absolutely  Pure  Saleratus.    {Same.) 

(Note:  Since  writing  this  the  Referee  Board  have  rendered 
their  decision  that  small  amounts  (2.31  grains  per  day)  of  alum- 
inum added  to  foods  are  not  injurious.  Large  amounts,  however, 
produced  "an  occasional  colic"!  In  my  opinion  the  conditions 
were  such  as  to  render  the  results  entirely  inconclusive.  The 
Board  considered  only  the  aluminum  hydrate  left  in  bread  by  the 
use  of  alum  baking  powders.  This  is  well  known  to  be  the  least 
injurious  of  the  aluminum  compounds.  My  opinion  a^  to  the  un- 
desirable effects  of  baking  powders  in  general,  when  excessively 
used^  is  confirmed  by  the  report  of  the  Remsen  Board.) 


n 

BEVERAGES 

CHOCOLATES  AND  COCOAS 

IHESE  are  some  of  tlie  questions  repeatedly 
asked  in  regard  to  cocoas  and  chocolates — 
with  their  answers. 

1.  What  is  the  difference  between  cocoa  and 
chocolate — which  is  better  to  use?  Cocoa  is 
merely  chocolate  from  which  abont  half  of  the  fat 
has  been  removed.  It  has  therefore  less  heat 
value  but  is  a  better  balanced  food  and  is  for  that 
reason  preferred  for  invalids  and  children,  the 
chocolate  being  *  ^  too  rich. ' '  The  cocoas  have  from 
20  to  27  per  cent,  of  fat,  and  the  chocolates,  45  to 
50  per  cent.,  45  per  cent,  being  required  by  the 
standard. 

2.  Is  there  a  poisonous  drug  called  theobromin 
in  chocolate?  There  is  a  trace  of  caffein  and 
about  1.8  per  cent,  of  theobromin  in  cocoa.  This 
is  an  alkaloid  related  to  caffein  but  is  generally 
conceded  to  be  relatively  free  from  any  marked 
action  on  the  nerve  centers.  Further  than  this 
cocoa  and  chocolate  being  made  with  milk  and  hav- 

5 


6  1001    TESTS 


ing  more  food  value  the  stimulating  effect  of  this 
ingredient  is  much  decreased.  We  do  not  hear 
much  of  the  ^^ cocoa  habit''  or  of  folks  who  ^* can't 
get  through  the  day  without  it. ' ' 

3.  Is  an  alkali-treated  cocoa  harmful?  Why  is 
it  done?  Only  about  25  per  cent,  of  cocoa  is  solu- 
ble in  water,  and  the  so-called  ^' Dutch  process"  or 
treating  with  an  alkali,  is  practiced  because  it  com- 
bines with  the  fat  and  makes  an  emulsion,  thus  ap- 
parently increasing  the  solubility  while  really  it 
does  not  do  so  at  all.  The  process  is  not  regarded 
with  general  favor,  as  it  increases  the  mineral  con- 
stituents, adding  about  3  per  cent,  of  alkalies  to  the 
cocoa,  but  one  cannot  say  that  it  is  actually  in- 
jurious. The  practice  is  questionable,  and  the 
consumer  should  be  given  the  benefit  of  the  doubt, 
therefore,  the  presence  of  these  alkalies  should  al- 
ways be  plainly  declared,  that  invalids  and  those  of 
delicate  digestion  may  avoid  such  brands.  Ex- 
travagant claims  in  regard  to  the  special  merits  of 
the  treatment,  resulting  solubility,  digestibility, 
etc.,  are  misleading. 

4.  What  is  plain  or  bitter  chocolate?  This 
product  should  be  composed  of  the  roasted, 
crushed  cocoa  nibs  only.  These  nibs  contain 
over  50  per  cent,  of  fat.  The  bitter  chocolates 
of  commerce  contain  from  45  to  49  per  cent,  of  fat 


BEVERAGES 


only,  showing  the  removal  of  a  small  part  of  the 
fat  or  the  addition  of  some  drying  substance,  such 
as  sugar  or  starch. 

5.  What  are  the  adulterants  of  cocoas?  Starch 
and  cocoa  shells  are  sometimes  added;  iron  oxide 
is  occasionally  added  to  cheap  products  to  color 
them ;  added  sugar  is  also  considered  an  adulterant 
from  the  standpoint  that  it  is  a  cheaper  product 
mixed  with  the  more  expensive  one  for  which  you 
are  paying.  Sweetened  chocolate  should  be  so 
labeled.  There  is  practically  no  adulteration  of 
brands  of  any  reputation. 

TESTED  BEVERAGES 
{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;   {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;   disapproved  products 
{D)f  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

TESTED  CHOCOLATES  AND  COCOAS 
Baker,  Walter,  and  Company,  Dorchester,  Mass. 

'A'  Breakfast  Cocoa.  {Claim  ^^ahsolutely  pure''  un- 
tenable, as  always,) 
Bensdorp,  Amsterdam,  Holland.  (Bartlett,  Stephen  L., 
Company.) 
(N)  Royal  Dutch  Cocoa.  {A  good  Dutch  process 
cocoa  hut  presence  of  added  mineral  ingredients 
makes  statement,  *^Is  acknowledged  by  the  lead- 
ing authorities  to  be  an  absolutely  pure  cocoa,'' 
especially  objectionable,) 


8  1001    TESTS 


Blockers,  Amsterdam,  and  New  York. 

"At  Blocker's  Daalders  Cocoa.  {Dutch  process  3^ 
per  cent,  alkali  added,  properly  labeled;  good 
quality,) 

Huyler's,  New  York. 

*  Cocoa,   Huyler's.     {Mineral   ingredients   slightlu 

high;  not  added  alkali,  however,) 

*  Premium  Chocolate. 

Lowney,  Walter  M.  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Breakfast    Cocoa.     {Good    quality.    Extravagant 

claims.    ^'Unlike  any  other'';  ''Of  special  bene- 
fit to  those  of  delicate  digestion.'') 

Maillard,  Henry,  35th  and  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
"Ar  Maillard 's  Breakfast  Cocoa.     {Extravagant  claims 

as  to  solubility,  ''absolute  purity."    No  cocoa 

is  "thoroughly  soluble.") 
:Ar  Maillard 's  Premium  Chocolate. 

iPeter  Caillcr  Kohler  Swiss  Chocolates  Company,  Ful- 
ton, N.  Y. 

*  Breakfast  Cocoa.     {"Absolutely  pure"  claim  ex- 

travagant.) 
Phillips,  Charles  H.  Chemical  Company,  New  York. 
(N)  Phillips  Digestible  Cocoa.     {No  right  to  the  claim 
of  special  digestibility ;  phosphates  added,  about 
20%  of  sugar  and  vanilla — declared  on  label.) 


BEVERAGES  9 


Stollwerck  Brothers,  Inc.,  New  York. 
*  Gold  Brand  Premium  Chocolate. 

Van  Houten  and  Sons,  Holland. 

(N)  Van  Houten 's  Famous  Cocoa,  Unexcelled. 
(Greatly  exaggerated  claims  05  to  improvement 
of  the  product  by  the  Dutch  treatment  with 
alkali) 

Whitman,  Stephen  F.,  and  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
ir  Instantaneous    Chocolate.     (A    sweet    chocolate, 
about  half  sugar,  24%  fat.    Should  be  so  la- 
beled.) 

Yours  Truly  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

ik-  Yours  Truly  Breakfast  Cocoa.     (Not  ^^ absolutely 

pure,^^  nothing  is.) 
(N)  Yours  Truly  Premium  Chocolate.     (Samples  ex- 
amdned  were  coated  with  shellac.    No  arsenio. 
Otherwise  good  quality,) 


COFFEE  AND  TEA 

All  that  the  chemist  can  do  to  protect  the  buyer 
of  coffee  and  tea  is  to  assure  him  that  the  product 
is  not  faced  or  artificially  colored,  does  not  consist 
of  dried  stems  instead  of  leaves  in  the  case  of  tea, 
or  is  not  coated  with  injurious  substances  and 
mixed  with  adulterants  such  as  chicory  in  the  case 
of  coffee ;  to  make  sure  that  the  amount  of  extract 
yielded  is  what  it  should  be ;  that  odor  and  flavor 
are  good  and  that  the  tea  and  coffee  are  free  from 
dirt.  In  the  case  of  teas  the  samples  were  com- 
pared with  a  set  of  standard  Treasury  samples  for 
grading  purposes.  These  points  have  been  deter- 
mined for  the  samples  reported  but  when  it  comes 
to  fine  gradations  in  quality,  this  is  a  matter  for 
the  expert  and  the  individual  as  personal  tastes 
vary  widely  and  the  practice  of  blending  many 
different  kinds  of  teas  and  coffees  and  selling  them 
under  fancy  names,  makes  it  impossible  to  estab- 
lish any  more  definite  standards.  This  is  espe- 
cially true  in  the  case  of  teas.  Wide  variations  in 
price  exist  among  some  of  the  starred  samples  and 
corresponding  variations  in  quality  naturally  are 
found,  but  the  teas  approved  are  all  standard  and 

10 


BEVERAGES  11 


good  quality  for  the  price  asked.  A  frank  state- 
ment on  the  label  as  to  the  kind  of  coffee  entering 
into  the  blend  of  package  goods  bearing  pro- 
prietary fancy  names  would  clarify  the  whole  sit- 
uation and  enable  the  buyer  to  judge  both  of  price 
and  relative  quality  and  to  know  what  coffees 
produce  the  preferred  flavor.  Why  should  we  buy 
a  ^^pig  in  a  poke"?  Why  not  know  what  blend 
of  coffees  we  purchase  ?  Such  package  goods,  giv- 
ing the  buyer  no  inkling  as  to  the  nature  and  qual- 
ity of  the  contents,  do  not  always  lead  to  fraud 
but  it  makes  it  perilously  easy  if  a  manufacturer  is 
looking  for  such  an  opportunity.  Let  the  house- 
keeper stand  for  intelligent,  simple  labels  that 
mean  something. 

The  coffee  and  tea  drinker  knows  that  he  is  taking 
caffein,  a  nerve  stimulant,  and  more  or  less  habit- 
forming  drug  when  he  takes  these  beverages,  and 
the  tannic  acid  present  may  affect  the  digestion 
more  or  less,  varying  with  the  individual  suscepti- 
bility. There  is  no  doubt  but  what  the  excessive 
use  of  tea  and  coffee  injuriously  affects  a  large 
percentage  of  the  persons  using  them  and  in  many 
cases  of  idiosyncrasy  even  small  quantities  are 
harmful. 

The  only  other  point  of  special  interest  is  the 
''cereal  coffees"  or  so-called  coffee  substitutes. 


18  1001    TESTS 


These  are  not  substitutes  for  coffee  in  that  they 
do  not  produce  the  same  effect,  do  not  have  the 
same  flavor,  and  cannot  fill  their  place.  They  are 
harmless,  their  chief  sin  lying  in  the  extraordinary 
claims  made  as  to  their  nutritive  value.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  they  contain  in  general  about  one- 
twentieth  the  nutrition  of  skimmed  milk  and  their 
only  virtue  lies  in  providing  a  warm,  harmless 
beverage  and  restricting  the  use  of  the  caffein- 
bearing  drinks.  A  true  ^*  decaffeinated ''  coffee 
would  practically  serve  this  purpose  at  the  same 
time  providing  a  better  flavored  product. 

So-called  instantaneous  coffees,  under  whatever 
branding  are  made  from  an  aqueous  extract  of 
coffee,  evaporated  to  dryness,  at  a  low  tempera- 
ture, usually  by  aid  of  a  vacuum,  preserving  as  far 
as  possible  the  aromatic  constituents  of  the  ex- 
tract. There  is  no  method  of  drying,  however, 
which  can  preserve  all  of  the  volatile  flavors  and 
qualities  of  coffee.  The  instantaneous  coffees 
must,  therefore,  of  necessity  lack  some  of  the  de- 
liciousness  of  the  freshly  made  beverage.  The 
claims  which  are  made  for  them  in  regard  to  in- 
creased wholesomeness,  lower  content  of  caffein  or 
tannic  acid,  are  not  borne  out  by  the  analytical 
data.  These  coffees  are  most  convenient  for 
campers  and  on  all  occasions  when  the  quick 


BEVERAGES  18 

preparation  of  the  beverage  is  desirable.    This 
appears  to  me  to  be  their  sole  useful  role. 

TESTED  COFFEES,  AND  COFFEE 
SUBSTITUTES 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Arbuckle  Brothers,  New  York. 

(N)  Ariosa  Coffee.     (Good  quality  for  price;  state- 

ments  on  label  mildly  extravagant;  coated  with 

sugar  and  egg,) 

*  Yuban,    The   Arbuckle    Guest   Coffee.     (A   good 

blend,) 

Aroma  Coffee  Company,  Duluth,  Minnesota. 

(N)  Caldweirs  Electric  Cut,  not  ground  coffee. 
(Claims  on  label  extravagant  as  to  removal  of 
tannin,  quality,  etc.) 

Baker  Importing  Company,  109  Hudson  Street,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 
i^  Bakerized  Steel  Cut  Coffee.  {Claims  for  special 
process  slightly  exaggerated;  evenly  ground  and 
clean,  but  no  marked  effect  on  composition  de- 
termined.) 

Bismark  Grocery  Company,  Bismark,  North  Dakota. 

*  Yours  Truly  Coffee. 

Blanke,  C.  F.,  Tea  and  Coffee  Company,  St.  Louis, 
Missouri. 


14  1001    TESTS 


^  Coffee.     (Extravagant  quality   claims — ^^Univer- 
sally known  as  the  best  coffee  on  the  market.' ') 
"k  Fairy  Cup  Instant  Coffee. 
Blendo  Food  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(D)  Blendo.  (Absurd  claims  a^  to  nutritive  value 
and  ^^  superior  to  coffee"  flavor;  a  mixture  of 
roasted  peas,  rye  and  barley,) 
Borden's  Condensed  Milk  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Borden's  Condensed  Coffee.  (A  very  sm<jll 
amount  of  coffee  with  sugar  and  condensed 
milk  sold  for  31  cents  for  15^  ounces. 
Slightly  short  weight  on  samples  tested,) 

Chase  and  Sanborn,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Seal  Brand  Coffee. 

Clark,  Coggins  and  Johnson  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
(N)  Puri-tan-ated     Brand     Coffee.      ('^Nourishing*' 
cladms  extravagant,  claims  for  effect  of  special 
process  in  removing  tannin,  etc,  unwarranted,) 

Climax  Coffee  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

*  Mrs.  Rorer's  Brand  Own  Blend  Coffee.     (Extreme 

claims  as  to  keeping  qualities,) 
Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London  and  New  York. 

(N)  Pure  Essence  of  Coffee.     (Extractives  rather  low, 
hardly  a  true  '^ essence,'') 

Dwinell- Wright  Company,  Boston,  Mass. — Chicago,  111. 
i^  White  House  Brand  Coffee. 

Fischer,  B.,  and  Company,  New  York. 
"Ar  Hotel  Astor  Coffee. 


1^' 


BEVERAGES  15 

Githens,  Rexsamer  and  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  The  '^400"  Blend  Boasted  Coffee. 

G.  Washington  Coffee  Sales  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  G.  Washington  Prepared  Coffee.  (A  good  in- 
stantaneous coffee;  claims  as  to  harmlessness, 
etc,  much  exaggerated  as  most  of  the  caffein 
remains.  ^^  Drink  all  the  coffee  you  wanf^'  dan- 
gerous and  misleading  advice,) 

Harris,  W.  B.,  Company,  New  York  City. 

*  Royal  Stag  Coffee. 

Kellogg  Food  Company,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

(N)  Kellogg 's  Cereal  Beverage,  Minute  Brew. 
(Boasted,  pulverized  grain,  no  more  ^'health- 
ful'^ than  other  cereal  coffees,) 
Kneipp  Malt  Food  Company,  Mantowoc,  Wisconsin. 
(N)  Kneipp  Malt,  (A  Coffee  Substitute).  (Claimed  to 
he  a  roasted  malt;  so  burned  that  malting  can 
not  he  confirmed.  Flavored  with  an  extract  from 
the  leaves  and  pericarp  of  the  coffee  plant.) 

Levering  Coffee  Company,  The,  Baltimore,  Md. 

^  Tourist  Coffee. 
Lockyer  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Extra  Fancy  B.  Coffee. 

*  Extra  Fancy  C.  Coffee. 

Merck  and  Company,  New  York,  (Distributors). 

*  Dekofa.     (A  true  decaffeinated  coffee,  containing 


16  1001    TESTS 


only  0.15  per  cent,  of  caffein,  which  is  as  near 
complete  removal  as  can  he  attained.) 

Panama  Banana  Fruit  Company,  New  York. 

(N)  Banan-Nutro.  {A  product  made  from  ground 
roasted  bananas.  Exaggerated  claims  as  to  nu- 
tritive value.  Not  a  ^^king  of  substitutes  for 
coffee''  in  so  far  as  flavor  is  concerned.) 

Porto   Rico   Trading    Company,    Inc.,    127    Franklin 
Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Queen  Isabella  Porto  Rico  Coffee. 
Postum  Cereal  Company. 

(N)  Instant  Postum.  {Boasted  cereals  with  an  excess 
of  mineral  ingredients,  source  unknown:  harm- 
less,  but  claims  much  exaggerated.) 

(N)  Postum  Cereal.     (Sam,e.) 
Potter  and  Wrightington,  Boston,  Mass. 

(D)  Old  Grist  Mill.  A  substitute  for  coffee.  (Con- 
tains wheat,  peas,  and  dandelion,  and  some  cof- 
fee, objectionable  in  a  ''coffee  substitute," 
claims  as  to  aiding  digestion,  preserving  com- 
plexion, etc.,  misleading.) 

Quinby,  W.  S.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  La  Touraine,  The  perfect  coffee.     {''Perfection" 

exaggerated!) 

Sprague,  Warner  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Richlieu  Brand  Hans  Evers  Process  Vacuum 
Treated    Coffee.     {Claims   as   to    removal    of 


BEVERAGES  17 


harmful  products  hy  vacuum  process  not  sub- 
stantiated; caffein  still  present,) 

TESTED  TEAS 

Asiatic  Products  Company,  San  Francisco,  California. 
^  Dalmoy  Blend  Tea. 
-At  London  Blend  Brand  Tea. 

*  Sa-Sa-Ma  Brand  Tea. 

Berndt  and  Company,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(D)  Juno  Mate  Paraguayan  Tea  (Ilex  Paraguayensis) . 
(Contains  as  much  caffein  as  coffee  and  still 
most  extravagant  claims  are  made  as  to  health- 
fulness,  food  value,  freedom  from  bad  after  ef- 
fects, etc.  Product  unohjectionahle  hut  no 
ground  found  for  such  claims,) 

Blanke,  C.  F.,  Tea  and  Coffee  Company,  St.  Louis, 
Missouri. 

*  Magic  Cup  Soluble  Tea. 

Dwinell- Wright  Company,  Boston,  Mass. — Chicago,  111. 

*  White  House  Brand  Orange  Pekoe  Tea. 

Fischer,  B.,  and  Company. 

*  Hotel  Astor  Tea. 

Gillet,  Martin  and  Company,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(N)  House  of  Lords,  Ceylon  Tea.  {A  heavy,  liquor- 
ing tea;  not  well  cleaned,) 

*  Standard  HE-NO  Tea.     (A  good  grade  of  green 

tea.y 


18  1001    TESTS 


Harris,  W.  B.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Eoyal  Stag  Tea.     {Good  for  price;  36   cents  a 

pound,  not  highest  quality.) 

Lipton,  London  and  New  York. 

*  Lipton 's  Tea — Extra  Choice  Blend  of  Ceylon  and 

India  Tea — Black. 

"A"  Lipton 's  Extra  Choicest  Blend  of  Ceylon  and  In- 
dia Tea — Black,  blend  A. 

ir  Lipton 's  Ceylon  and  India  Tea — ^Black,  blend  B. 

Quinby,  W.  S.,  Company,  Boston,  and  Chicago,  111. 
"Ar  Golden  Dome  Orange  Pekoe  Ceylon  Tea.     {A  sixty 
cent  tea,  good  flavor  but  not  exceptional;  sold 
in  bulk  to  retailers  and  branded  bags  furnished 
for  sales  to  consumer.) 

Salada  Tea  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Salada  Tea. 

^  Salada  Ceylon  and  India  Tea. 

Tetley,  Joseph,  and  Company,  London,  Eng. 
^  Tetley 's  Tea,  Black,  India  and  Ceylon. 

Victoria  Tea  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

*  ''My  Own"  blend  Tea— Blend  No.  1. 

*  *'My  Own''  blend  Tea— Blend  No.  2. 

Yours  Truly  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

ir  Yours  Truly  Tea.     {A  40  cent  tea — good  quality 
for  the  price,) 


SOFT  DRINKS,  TONICS,  AND  MEDICATED 
BEVERAGES 

While  the  miscellaneous  bottled  soft  drinks  on 
the  market  with  the  exception  of  those  bearing 
habit-forming  drugs,  such  as  Coca  Cola  (caffein), 
cannot  be  said  to  be  absolutely  injurious,  they  rep- 
resent to  my  mind  second  grade  products  of  a  mis- 
cellaneous composition  which  does  not  recommend 
them  for  consumption  by  the  young  or  for  a  place 
in  a  list  of  high  grade  products.  Many  of  the 
most  highly  prized  remedies  are  of  vegetable  origin 
and  almost  every  root,  herb,  or  extract,  found  in 
these  so-called  soft  drinks  is  described  as  a  drug 
in  the  pharmacopoeia,  the  official  standard  of 
drugs.  If  these  bodies  have  the  remedial  values 
assigned  to  them  they  should  not  be  given  pro- 
miscuously to  healthy  people.  Why  give  your 
child  an  extract  of  barks  and  roots  colored  with 
caramel,  many  of  them  having  medicinal  proper- 
ties, or  a  ginger  ale,  owing  its  pungency  chiefly  to 
capsicum,  or  a  sarsaparilla,  which  has  never  seen 
sarsaparilla,  but  is  made  from  wintergreen,  and 
sassafras,  and  colored  with  caramel,  when  you 
can  always  obtain  good  grape  juice,  true  ginger 

10 


1001    TESTS 


ales,  and  pure  fruit  juices  obtained  direct  from  the 
lime,  the  berry,  the  orange  or  lemon? 

The  question  of  the  presence  of  alcohol  in  grape 
juices  has  recently  been  raised.  There  is  never 
more  than  a  trace  of  alcohol  present,  and  this  only 
takes  place  when  the  grapes  have  been  held  over 
after  crushing  during  the  warm  season.  Under 
such  conditions  a  slight  fermentation  might  take 
place  producing  minute  amounts  of  alcohol. 
This  point  seems  negligible  and  certainly  could  not 
be  used  to  furnish  a  foundation  for  the  addition  of 
sugar  to  grape  juices,  since  this  practice  makes  it 
possible  to  use  inferior  and  half-ripened  grapes 
and  supply  artificial  sweetness  by  adding  sugar, 
giving  a  product  which  does  not  compare  with  that 
prepared  from  properly  ripened  grapes  alone. 

None  of  the  soft  drinks  given  in  the  disapproved 
class  is  especially  injurious  except  as  intimated 
above,  nor  do  they  contain  preservatives,  sac- 
charin, or  dangerous  coloring  materials  as  is 
sometimes  the  case.  It  is  merely  that  they  fail  in 
quality  and  are  for  that  reason  disapproved  as 
not  belonging  in  a  list  of  high  grade  products,  or 
are  of  secret  composition  and  as  such  unworthy  of 
patronage.  Some  of  the  manufacturers  have  un- 
doubtedly made  efforts  to  improve  their  product 
and  moderate  their  claims  especially  of  late  years. 


BEVERAGES  ^ 


Upon  the  whole  the  ^* habit  of  drinking,"  even  of  a 
preparation  of  roots  and  herbs,  is  not  one  to  be 
generally  commended.  At  least  every  parent  hav- 
ing at  heart  the  welfare  of  his  child  is  entitled  to 
know  what  that  child  drinks  when  he  patronizes 
the  soda  fountain  or  the  bottled  beverages. 

TESTED  SOFT  DRINKS,  TONICS  AND  MEDI- 
CATED BEVERAGES 

Anheuser-Busch  Brewing  Association,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
iK  Malt  Nutrine.  (General  claims  as  to  tonic  and 
flesh  forming  results  permissible.  Statement 
that  it  is  non-intoxicating  is  modified  hy  the 
declaration  of  the  presence  of  1.9  per  cent,  of 
alcohol.  Is  non-imtoxicating  when  taken  m 
medicinal  doses,  as  recommended  on  label,) 

Armour  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

^  Grape  Juice. 
American  Fruit  Products  Company,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

-At  Duffy  ^s  Apple  'Juice. 

Brooke,  C.  M.,  and  Sons,  New  York  and  Melbourne. 
(D)  Lemos,  Brooke's.  (Apparently  a  mixture  of  lime 
and  lemon  pulp  and  juice,  sweetened,  colored 
with  Napthol  Yellow  S  (a  permitted  coal  tar 
dye)  and  preserved  with  0.10  per  cent,  of 
henzoate  of  soda,  declared  on  the  lahel,  ^'Use 
Lemos  instead  of  lemons  for  all  purposes/' 


1001    TESTS 


It  is  not  a  wholesome  equivalent  for  pure  lemon 
juice  hy  any  means.) 

Cliquot  Club  Company,  Millis,  Mass. 

(N)  Celebrated  Cliquot  Club  Extra  Dry  Ginger  Ale. 
{Found  little  or  no  ginger  resins  and  but  little 
ginger  oil.  Owes  pungency  mainly  to  capsicum, 
which  is  declared  on  label  as  follows:  ^^This 
bottle  contains  a  minute  amount  of  capsicum  to 
give  increased  pungency/^) 

Coca  Cola  Company,  Atlanta,  Georgia. 

(D)  Coca  Cola,  Bottled.  (A  beverage  sold  as  a  soft 
drink  containing  a  habit  forming  alkaloid,  caf- 
fein,  not  declared  in  any  way  and  which  may 
prove  injurious  to  health;  contains  also  a  little 
phosphoric  acid,  about  9  per  cent,  of  sugar,  and 
is  colored  with  caramel.) 

Coleman  and  Company,  Ltd.,  Norwich,  Eng. 

(D)  Wincarnis.  {A  sweet  red  wine  containing  malt 
extract  and  extract  of  beef.  The  latter  has 
practically  no  food  value;  contains  18  per  cent, 
of  alcohol,  and  the  claims  that  it  is  '^a  nerve 
food  without  an  equal"  and  '^a  powerful  restor- 
ative and  vitalizer"  and  ^^a  liquid  food"  are 
not  permissible,  as  it  is  merely  a  mild  stimu- 
lant and  tonic,  has  practically  no  nutri- 
tive value  and  is  not  a  ''nerve  food"  at 
aU.) 


BEVERAGES 


Evans'  Sons,  Lescher  and  Webb,  Ltd.,  London  and 
Liverpool. 
it  The  Montserrat  Lime-Fruit  Juice. 

Golden  Gate  Fruit  Company,  San  Gabriel  and  New 
York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Orange  Ade.  (Citric  acid  suhstituted  in  whole 
or  in  part  for  orange  juice,  artificially  colored 
with  a  coal  tar  dye  and  preserved  with  sodium 
benzoate.    Notice  of  judgment  2864.) 

Hawaiian  Pineapple  Products  Company,  Honolulu. 
*  Dole's  Pure  Hawaiian  Pineapple  Juice. 

Hires,  Charles  E.,  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(N)  Hire's  Household  Extract.  (Is  true  to  label  be- 
ing made  from  a  mixture  of  many  different 
barks  and  roots,  such  as  juniper,  pipsisewa, 
spikenard,  etc.  Not  deemed  of  a  composition 
suitable  for  children's  use.  May  have  medicinal 
effect,) 

Hoff,  Johann,  agent,  Eisner  Mendelson  Company,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Johann  Hoff 's  Extract.  (A  malt  extract  con- 
taining nearly  5  per  cent,  of  alcohol,  more  than 
many  beers,  with  92  per  cent,  of  volatile  mat- 
ter, mostly  water,  and  only  8  per  cent,  of  nu- 
tritive solids.  Claims  that  it  is  ^'recognized  by 
the  medical  faculty  as  an  ideal  food,'^  and  that 
it  is  an  ''active  remedy  for  coughs,  colds,  sore 
throat,  bronchitis,  etc.,''  are  not  warranted  in 
any  way.) 


M  1001    TESTS 


Hygeia  Distilled  Water  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Hywaco  Ginger  Ale. 

"k  Lemon  Soda. 

(D)  Hywaco  Sarsaparilla.  (Sweetened  water,  fla- 
vored with  sassafras  and  wintergreen.  Not 
true  to  label  as  it  contains  no  sarsa/parilla.  An 
accepted  commercial  misbranding.  All  sarsa- 
parillas  are  of  this  type,) 

Moxie  Company,  Boston  and  New  York. 

(D)  Moxie.  (Contains  a  little  oil  of  sassafras  and 
wintergreen,  caramel,  sugar  and  a  trace  of  ex- 
tractives from  Peruvian  barh.  Former  extrav- 
agant tonic  claims  have  been  modified  but  are 
still  far  too  strong.  Harmless  but  of  secret 
composition,) 

O.  T.  Limited,  London,  Blaekfriars,  S.  E.,  Sydney  and 
Melbourne,  Australia. 
(D)  0.  T.  A  delicious  Drink, — A  Tonic.  A  Diges- 
tive. {Extravagant  tonic  and  digestive  claims 
for  a  product  containing  capsicum,  caramel  and 
flavoring  oils.) 

Pepper,  Dr.,  Company,  Waco,  Texas. 

(D)  Dr.  Pepper  (King  of  Beverages).  (Makes  spe- 
cial merit  of  being  free  from  caffein,  and  co- 
cain.  Contains  benzaldehyde  and  caramel  col- 
oring, with  raspberry  flavor  and  a  trace  of  citric 
and  phosphoric  acid.) 


BEVERAGES  ^ 


Pierce,  S.  S.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Tally-Ho  Ginger  Ale. 

(D)  Tally-Ho    Sarsaparilla.     {See    Eygeia   Di$tUled 
Water  Company,  N,  Y.,  Hywaco  SarsaparUla 
for  comments.) 
Puritan  Fruit  Products  Company,  Fredonia,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Red  Wing  Grape  Juice.  {Two  per  cent,  or  less 
of  sugar  added  declared  on  label;  should  be 
called  a  ^^ sweetened  grape  juice'';  addition  of 
dubious  necessity  or  desirability.) 

Rose,  L.,  and  Company,  Ltd.,  London. 

'jAr  Rose's  Pure  West  Indian  Lime  Juice  unsweetened. 
Ross,  W.  A.,  and  Sons,  Ltd.,  Belfast,  Ireland. 

*  Ross's  Royal  Ginger  Ale. 

Schuyler,  A.  C,  333  West  36th  Street,  New  York. 

*  Delatour  Ginger  Ale. 

Sheboygan  Mineral  Water  Company,  Sheboygan,  Wis. 

*  Aromatic    Ginger    Ale.     {Not    ''chief    of    them 

alV) 
Standard  Bottling  and  Extract  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
if:  Standard  Ginger  Ale. 

Welch  Grape  Juice  Company,  Westfield,  N.  Y. 

ic  Grape  Juice. 
Wyeth,  John,  and  Brother,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(N)  Liquid  Malt  Extract.  {Alcohol  slightly  too  high 
(2.53  per  cent,),  as  much  as  a  light  beer.    Con- 


1001    TESTS 


tains,  however,  14  per  cent,  of  solids  and  the 
claims  are  only  slightly  exaggerated.  Its  spe- 
cial adaptahUity  for  nursing  mothers  and  con- 
sumptives is  over  stated.) 


m 

BISCUITS,  CAKES,  ETC.    . 

THEEE  is  but  little  criticism  to  be  made  con- 
cerning tbe  package  *^ crackers,'^  cakes,  bis- 
cuits, etc.  Usually  no  great  nutritive  claims  are 
made.  In  some  cases  extravagant  claims  are  made 
for  bran,  and  whole  wbeat  products.  These  are  of 
value  in  preventing  constipation,  and  are  of  maxi- 
mum nutritive  value,  when  true  to  name.  Too 
often,  however,  the  products  are  bolted  and  the 
analysis  does  not  justify  the  claim  that  the  whole 
wheat,  including  the  bran,  was  used.  This  is  the 
case  with  the  Educator  products,  which  not  only 
show  by  their  nitrogen  and  ash  content  that  they 
are  not  made  of  true  whole  wheat,  but  rather  ex- 
travagant claims  are  made  for  their  efficiency. 
The  simple  patent  flour  biscuit  of  the  Loose-Wiles 
Company  is  a  perfectly  good  biscuit,  but  when  they 
claim  that  it  **  contains  all  the  nutriment  of  the 
grain"  and  ^ 4s  different  from  all  other  soda  crack- 
ers," etc.,  the  labeling  is  plainly  misleading. 

One  other  product  is  open  to  special  criticism, 
namely,  the  rusks  and  biscuits  of  the  Jireh  Dia- 

37 


28  1001    TESTS 


betic  Food  Company,  whicli  claim  to  ^'cure  consti- 
pation,'^  *' provide  an  anti-acid  diet/^  and  to  be 
**especially  suitable  for  diabetics,"  wben  they  con- 
tain about  47  per  cent,  of  starch,  or  more,  the 
** special  treatment"  being  of  dubious  value. 
Such  claims  in  combination  with  the  misleading 
word  ^^diatetic''  garbled  from  the  two  words 
** dietetic"  and  ** diabetic"  cannot  be  considered 
frank,  honest,  and  instructive  labeling,  and  would 
of  necessity  mislead  the  average  layman. 

The  main  objection  to  this  class  of  products,  if 
such  it  be,  is  that  the  consumer  pays  a  high  price 
for  the  sanitary  package.  Any  one  who  remem- 
bers the  pound  of  soda  biscuits  bought  in  bulk 
knows  that  he  is  getting  much  less,  due  allowance 
being  made  for  breakage,  when  he  buys  the  dozen 
or  so  prettily  packed  cakes  or  crackers  in  a  neat 
box.  The  public  seems  to  demand  such  goods, 
however,  and  except  on  the  score  of  economy,  a 
factor  in  the  problem  which  we  are  considering  in 
this  instance  only  in  extreme  cases,  the  output  is 
commendable. 

TESTED  BISCUITS,  CAKES,  ETC. 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (^)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 


BISCUITS,    CAKES,   ETC-  S9 

Edwards,  Elinor  E.,  East  Orange,  N.  J. 

(N)  Edwards'  Bran  Cookies.  (Analysis  indicates  a 
bran  flour  rather  than  pure  bran.  Claims  for 
efficiency  as  a  nutritive  laxative  largely  justi- 
fiable.) 

Holland  Rusk  Company,  Holland,  Michigan. 

(N)  Holland  Rusk.  {Label  misleading  as  to  origin. 
Not  the  original  '^Holland  Busk'';  made  in 
Holland,  Mich.  Not  the  '^most  practical  and 
economical  food  known.'') 

Ivins',  J.  S.,  Sons,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Ivins'  Bonnie  Wafers. 

*  Ivins'  Luneh-on-Thin. 

Jireh  Diabetic  Food  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Jireh  Diatetic  Rusks.  {A  good  rusk,  high  in  ni- 
trogen and  mineral  ingredients,  but  not  '^a  cure 
for  constipation"  and  not  especially  adapted 
for  diabetics  as  claimed.) 
(D)  Jireh  Diatetic  Biscuits.  (Most  extravagant,  in- 
defensible, medicinal  claims;  contains  about  65 
per  cent,  of  starch  and  statement  is  made  that 
it  is  ^^a  food  remedy  for  diabetes,  indigestion, 
insomnia,  rheumatism,  bright 's  disease,  and  all 
forms  of  nervous  and  gastric  derangement.") 

Johnson  Educator  Food  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

(N)  Educator  Gluten  Cookies.  (Contain  somewhat 
less  protein  than  should  be  found  in  a  standard 
gluten   flour.    Following   claim$   not   entirely 


aO  1001    TESTS 


warranted:    ^'Unequaled  for  those  who  are  re- 
stricted to  a  gluten  dief  .  .  .  ^'It  contains  a 
minimum  of  starch  and  a  high  proteid  con- 
tent.'') 
'A'  Educator  Graham  Crackers.    Unsweetened. 

(N)  Educator  Oatmeal  Crackers.  {Nitrogen  and  min- 
eral ingredients  both  lower  than  in  average 
hulled  oats.  Claim  ^^  Combines  wheat  phos- 
phates and  oat  nitrates/'  meaningless.) 

(N)  Educator  Toasterettes.  (Weight  understated; 
formerly  11  to  14  ounces  was  claimed;  now  otily 
9  ounces  are  claimed.  Hardly  a  satisfactory 
way  from  the  consumer's  point  of  view  of  cor- 
recting short  weight.  Nitrogen  and  mineral 
ingredients  both  too  low  for  a  true  '^  entire 
wheat"  cracker.) 

(N)  Educator  Wafers.  (Weight  claim  lowered  to  8 
ounces  so  that  they  now  run  over  weight, 
though  were  formerly  short.  Analysis  does  not 
indicate  a  true  whole  wheat  product.  Nitro- 
gen content  is  fairly  good  but  the  mineral  in- 
gredients are  low,  indicating  that  bran  has  been 
removed.  These  products  are  good  but  claims 
are  unwarranted  and  the  price  per  pound  is 
high.) 

Loose- Wiles  Biscuit  Company,  666  Causeway  Street, 
Boston,  Mass. 
'A:  Pakatin-Biscuit. 
lAr .  Sunshine  Assorted  Biscuits. 


BISCUITS,    CAEES,    ETC.  SI 

'A'  Sunshine  Citrus  Biscuits. 

*  Sunshine  Clover  Leaves — A  Sugar  wafer  eonfoc- 

tion. 

*  Sunshine  Dessert  Wafers. 

'A'  Sunshine  Graham  Crackers.  (Contain  about  20 
per  cent,  of  sugar,  not  declared;  should  'be 
called  ^^ Sweetened  Graham  Crackers.'') 

iic  Sunshine  Philopena  Sugar  Almond. 

ic  Sunshine  Petite  Beurre  Biscuits. 

"A-  Sunshine  Tafl  San  Sugar  Wafers. 

ic  Sunshine  Veroniques. 

(N)  Takoma  Biscuit.  (A  patent  flour  biscuit  of  usu<d 
composition,  contains  no  more  mineral  ingredi- 
ents than  the  regulation  patent  flour  and  still 
makes  the  following  extravagant  claims:  ^^con- 
taining all  the  nutriment  in  the  grain;  en- 
tirely different  from  all  other  soda  crackers; 
easily  digested;  very  nourishing.'') 

"At  Vienna  Sugar  Fingers.     {Why  Vienna?) 

National  Biscuit  Company,  New  York,  N.  T. 

*  Adora. 

"A'  Arrowroot  Biscuit. 
"k  Baronet  Biscuit. 
At  Cheese  Sandwich. 
ii^  Chocolate  Tokens. 
i^  Chocolate  Wafers. 

*  Epic  Wafers. 

*  Festino  Almpnds. 
Ar  Fig  Newtons. 


Sa                            1001    TESTS 

*  Frotana — The  Fruit  Biscuit. 

*  Graham  Crackers.     {Contain  about  11  per 

cent,  of 

sugar,  not  declared;  should  he  called  ' 

''Sweet- 

ened  Oraham  Crackers/') 

ic  Lemon  Snaps. 

*  Nabisco. 

*  Old  Time  Sugar  Cookies. 

it  Eoyal  Lunch. 

*  Saltine  Biscuit. 

*  Social  Tea  Biscuit. 

*  Sponge  Lady  Fingers. 

*  Uneeda  Biscuit. 

*  Vanilla  Wafers. 

•  Water  Thin  Biscuit. 

*  Zu-Zu  Ginger  Snaps. 

Remmers,  B.,  and  Sons,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ic  Gluten  Bread,  Diabetiker  loaves.  (Leavened  with 
hydrogen  peroxide  but  none  found  in  the  fin- 
ished loaf;  carbohydrates  reduced  to  from  10  to 
15  per  cent.) 


IV 
CANDIES 

THE  principal  adulterants  to  be  feared  in  con- 
fections have  been  sulphites,  nsed  especially 
in  bleaching  molasses,  saccharin  used  to  replace 
sugar,  metallic  substances  and  shellac  containing 
arsenic,  used  in  coating  and  giving  a  gloss, 
especially  to  the  cheap,  penny  candies  sold  to  chil- 
dren, artificial,  poisonous  colors,  and  the  substitu- 
tion of  the  cheap  glucose  made  from  starch,  for 
the  true  sugar  (sucrose)  of  which  candies  are  sup- 
posed to  be  made.  Glucose  may  be  used  almost 
entirely  to  supplant  sugar,  in  the  case  of  low  grade 
candies,  in  which  case  it  is  a  cheapener  (whatever 
may  be  thought  of  its  wholesomeness  and  rela- 
tive digestibility,  especially  for  children),  as  the 
price  is  much  less  than  that  of  sugar.  Moreover, 
the  child  will  eat  more  of  confections  made  of  glu- 
cose, as  they  are  less  sweet  and  this  again  I  con- 
sider undesirable.  The  glucose  may  be  used  hon- 
estly in  small  amounts  to  give  certain  physical 
characteristics,  especially  in  such  candies  as 
nougatines,  caramels,  etc.  If  used  in  quantities 
not  exceeding  10  to  15  per  cent,  its  presence  has 

33 


34  1001    TESTS 


been  disregarded,  it  being  considered  that  it  was 
employed  in  sucb  cases  without  fraudulent  intent. 
In  my  opinion,  however,  glucose  when  present  in  a 
candy  should  be  declared  on  the  label  and  I  hope 
to  see  the  day  when  it  will  be  replaced  by  invert 
sugar,  both  in  the  interests  of  dietetics  and  hon- 
esty. Sugar  is  more  apt  to  crystallize  and  to  melt 
than  is  glucose,  which  is  more  than  one-half  dextrin 
(a  non-sugar)  and  it  is  for  this  physical  effect  that 
the  candy-makers  desire  to  use  it.  If  manufac- 
turers would  plainly  label  all  mixed  products  with 
the  percentage  of  glucose  present  the  popular 
prejudice  against  glucose  based  on  its  extensive 
and  continued  use  under  no  name,  or  one  that 
gives  no  index  to  its  nature,  or  a  misleading  name, 
would  soon  disappear. 

Personally,  I  believe  that  candies  should  be 
given  very  sparingly  to  children,  because  of  the 
tendency  to  decrease  and  debase  the  natural  ap- 
petite, creating  a  longing  for  only  sweet  foods, 
which  increase  the  danger  of  digestive  disturb- 
ances. For  hard  working  men  and  women,  can- 
dies when  properly  used,  offer  a  valuable  addition 
to  the  diet.  Cake,  milk  chocolates,  plain  taffy  and 
mints,  the  hard  candies  like  stick  candy,  if  made 
from  pure  sugar,  and  fruit  flavors,  and  free  from 
artificial  coloring,  are  probably  as  healthy  and 


CANDIES  35 


nutritious  as  any  sweets  that  can  be  used,  espe- 
cially for  the  little  folks.  We  are  writing  for  the 
present  as  well  as  for  the  future.  We  realize  that 
candies  will  continue  to  be  used  in  large  quantities 
for  children  in  spite  of  the  sound  dietetic  objec- 
tions to  this  practice.  Our  present  purpose,  there- 
fore, is  to  emphasize  the  importance  of  the  use 
of  pure  constituents,  pure  sugar  and  honey,  in- 
vert sugar,  natural  coloring  matters  of  vegetable 
origin,  caramel  (burnt  sugar),  natural  flavors  de- 
rived chiefly  from  fruits,  clean  milk,  and  pure 
chocolate  all  manufactured  in  the  most  sanitary 
manner.  Too  long  keeping  should  also  be  avoided, 
dust  proof  containers  employed  and  the  products 
handled  in  the  most  cleanly  and  hygienic  manner 
possibla 

TESTED  CANDIES 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  metiiod  of  rating.) 

Aromint  Company,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

*  Aromints. 

Belle  Mead  Sweets,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

^  Belle  Mead  Sweets  Chocolate  Coated  Caramels. 

*  Old  Fashioned  Chocolate  Coated  Vanilla  Whipped 

Creams. 


36  1001    TESTS 


Bishop  and  Company,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

(N)  Calarab  Candy  Figs.     (50  per  cent,  sugar  and 
nearly  17  per  cent,  glucose.) 
Borden's  Condensed  Milk  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Milk  Chocolate. 

Foss,  H.  D.,  and  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
(N)  Caramels.     (33  per  cent,  of  glucose.) 

*  Chocolate  Peppermints. 
lAr  Pony  Sticks. 

(N)  Quality  Liquid  Cream  Cherries.  {Cherries  col- 
ored with  erythrosine,  a  permitted  coal  tar 
dye.) 

Heide,  Henry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Fine  Marshmallows.     (20  per  cent,  glucose.) 
Heller-Barnham  Company,  Hopewell,  N.  J. 

(N)  Hopewell    Dainties.     (20    per   cent,    glucose    in 
cream  fillings;  12  oz.  sold  for  1  lb.  (80  cents) ; 
good  quality  otherwise.) 
Hershey  Chocolate  Company,  Hershey,  Pa. 

i^  Hershey 's  Sweet  Milk  Chocolate. 
Huyler's,  New  York  City. 

*  Bonbons. 

(N)  Caramels.     (24  per  cent,  glucose.) 

*  Chocolates. 

*  Nugatines. 

*  Vanilla  Sweet  Chocolate. 


CANDIES  37 


Johnston,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

(N)  Superfine  Caramels.     (51  per  cent,  glucose.) 
(N)  Swiss   Style   Milk   Chocolate   Creams.     (20  per 
cent,  glucose,) 

LfOose- Wiles  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(N)  Nobility  Chocolates.     (25  per  cent,  of  glucose  in 
cream  filling,  price  $1.00  a  pound,) 
Lowney,  Walter  M.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Chocolate  Gems. 

i^  Chocolate  Ice  Cream  Drops.  {Why  ice  cream f 
The  cream  filling  contained  12.5  per  cent,  of 
glucose.) 

(N)  Crest  Caramels,  Chocolate  Covered.  (19  per 
cent,  of  glucose;  good  quality  but  glucose  con- 
tent slightly  high.) 

(N)  Crest  Nugatines — Chocolate  Covered.  (18  p$r 
cent,  glucose.) 

Maillard's,  New  York. 
"A-  Bon  Bons. 

(N)  Caramels.     {Glucose  23  per  cent.) 
^  Chocolate  Creams. 

*  Nugatines. 

Manufacturing  Company  of  America,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  U-AU-No  After  Dinner  Mint. 
Mayer,  Alfred,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Marmay  Crimped  Chocolates,  Nuta  and  Fruitg. 


88  1001    TESTS 


National  Candy  Company. 

^  Skylark  Chocolates,  Seventeen  Varieties.     (11  per 

cent,  of  glucose.) 
(N)  Skylark  Milk  Chocolate  Creams.     (16  per  cent 
of  glucose.) 
New  England  Confectionery  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
(N)  Pony  Sticks  Assorted.    Necco  Sweets.     (30  per 
cent,  of  glucose;  permitted  coal  tar  dyes.) 
Nunnally,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

^  Caracas   Chocolate  Creams.     (10  per  cent,  glu- 
cose; a  40  cent  candy,  good  quality  for  price.) 
(N)  Chocolate  Covered  Cordial  Cherries.     {Cherries 
colored   with  ponceau,   a  permitted  coal   tar 
dye.) 

Park  and  Tilford,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Bon  Bons. 

(N)  Caramels.     (22  p$r  cent,  of  glucose.) 

*  Chocolates, 

*  Nugatines. 

Peter  Cailler  Kohler  Swiss  Chocolates  Company,  Pal- 
ton,  N.  Y. 

ic  Almond  Milk  Chocolate.  (Disparages  competi- 
tor's products  in  an  unwarranted  way.) 

it  Original  Sweet  Milk  Chocolate. 

*  Nestle 's  Hazel  Nut  Sweet  Milk  Chocolate. 
"A:  Nestle 's  Almond  Sweet  Milk  Chocolate. 

Powell's,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

-k  Kewpie  Kandies.  (Pur$  sugar  candies,  only  vege- 
table colors  used.X 


CANDIES  89 


Rucckheim  Brothers  and  Eckstein,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
(N)  Angelas  Marshmallows.     (Contain  36  per  cent, 

glucose  but  more  of  this  ingredient  is  said  to  b$ 

required  for  marshmallows  than  for  most  other 

types  of  candies,) 
(N)  Chocolate  Marshmallows,  Angelus.     (19  per  cent. 

of  glucose  and  54  per  cent,  of  sucrose.    Hardly 

^^A  message  of  purity/^  though  they  are  very 

good  marshmallows,) 
^N)  Nut  Cracker  Jack,  The  Famous  Confection.     (17 

per  cent,  of  glucose.) 

SchrafFt's,  New  York. 
"A:  Bonbons. 
(N)  Caramels.     (Glucose  28  per  cent.) 

*  Chocolate  Creams. 

Suchard,  Neuchatel,  Switzerland,  London,  Eng. 

'k  Chocolate  (Chocolat  sans  sucre).  (An  unmixed 
chocolate  of  high  grade  containing  53  per  cent, 
of  cocoa  fat.) 

lUnited  Berne  Zurich  Chocolat  Manufacturing  Com- 
panies, Switzerland. 
"Ar  Chocolat    Lindt.     (A    typical    sweet    chocolate, 
should  1)6  so  labeled;  contains  31  per  cent,  of 
fat  and  47  per  cent,  of  sugar.) 

iWadsworth  Chocolate  Co.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

*  [Wadsworth's  Sweets,  Mints. 


40  1001    TESTS 


Whitman,  Stephen  F.,  and  Son,  Inc.,  411-421  Race 
Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Chocolate  Elite  Cream.     {Glucose  12  per  cent.) 

*  Chocolate  Covered  Liquid  Cherries. 

(N)  Super  Extra  Chocolate  Covered  Caramels.     {Glu- 
cose 20  per  cent,) 
Wilbur,  H.  O.,  and  Sons,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Wilbur's  Vanilla  Chocolate  Buds.     {Extravagant 

praise  of  flavor  and  general  excellence.) 


V 

CANNED  GOODS  ^ 

THEEE  are  many  popular  fallacies  and  rmnors 
afloat  regarding  this  class  of  food  materials. 
The  name  itself  is  unfortunate.  Canned  goods, 
strictly  speaking,  include  foods  which  are  steril- 
ized by  heat  only  and  kept  in  air  tight  containers, 
whether  they  be  tin  cans  or  glass  jars.  For  this 
reason,  only  fruits,  milks,  vegetables,  and  soups 
with  their  related  products  are  treated  in  this 
section. 

Many  confuse  canned  goods  with  preserves, 
which  represent  quite  a  different  class  of  products 
such  as  jams,  jellies,  fruit  syrups  and  catsups,  all 
of  which  are  combined  with  sugar  and  other  condi- 
ments or  are  otherwise  compounded.  The  time 
was  when  peas  were  colored  with  copper,  green 
com  was  sweetened  with  saccharin,  and  preserv- 
atives of  various  kinds,  salicylic,  benzoic,  sulphur- 
ous acids,  and  borax  were  used  to  aid  the  keeping 
process.  These  evil  practices  have  disappeared  in 
the  case  of  true  canned  goods.  Benzoate,  borax 
and  saccharin  and  copper  sulphate  are  tabooed. 

^  For  eanned  and  dried  fish,  and  meats,  sde  pages  122  and  IdO. 

41 


4i2  1001    TESTS 


The  main  points  to  be  considered  are  the  quality 
of  the  raw  materials,  the  sanitary  conditions  of 
manufacture,  full  weight  and  measure,  and  the 
possible  presence  of  tin,  dissolved  from  the  con- 
tainer. On  the  first  two  points,  chemical  analysis 
cannot  throw  much  light.  We  can  only  base  our 
opinion  upon  inspection,  taste,  and  general  knowl- 
edge of  the  standing  of  the  firm  concerned. 

Net  weight  will  soon  be  stated  on  all  cans  under 
the  law,  and  in  this  connection  a  slack  fill  must  also 
be  considered,  as  obviously  a  can  of  tomatoes  that 
weighs  two  pounds,  but  is  largely  water,  is  not  so 
good  as  one  that  is  a  little  under  weight,  but  con- 
tains more  solids.  Variations  in  weight  will 
occur  in  the  output  from  the  same  factory,  and 
therefore  the  examination  of  a  few  samples  may 
be  misleading.  We  are  reporting,  therefore,  the 
data  obtained  on  the  goods  examined,  for  what 
they  are  worth,  and  as  a  general  guide  to  the 
quality  of  the  output  of  the  several  manufacturers 
named.  Three  hundred  milligrams  of  tin  per 
kilo  (5  grains  in  2.2  lbs.)  are  tolerated  by  official 
regulation.  We  have  not  starred  any  product 
which  contained  200  milligrams  or  over,  and  in 
most  cases  only  very  small  amounts  are  present. 
Certain  vegetables,  such  as  asparagus,  act  upon 
tie  container  to  a  greater  extent  than  others  and 


CANNED    GOODS 


will  always  be  higher  in  tin.  For  some  vegetables, 
lacquered  cans  are  used.  Beets,  especially,  are 
put  up  in  this  way;  whereas  in  other  cases  (beans 
and  asparagus),  the  lacquer  seems  to  affect  the 
flavor  of  the  product  and  cannot  so  well  be  used. 

The  National  Canner's  Association  has  a 
central  laboratory,  whose  work  is  conducted  by 
chemists  and  bacteriologists  formerly  connected 
with  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  and  every  effort 
is  making  to  solve  these  problems  in  the  canning 
industry  as  rapidly  as  possible,  with  a  view  es- 
pecially to  the  elimination  of  tin  salts.  Plainly, 
it  is  with  minor  evils  that  we  have  to  do  in  the  can- 
ning trade. 

While  I  cannot  agree  with  those  who  hold  that 
canned  goods  are  better  than  fresh,  the  addition  of 
wholesome  canned  fruits  and  vegetables  to  the 
dietary  in  Winter,  and  for  the  use  of  those  who  are 
of  necessity  cut  off  from  a  fresh  supply,  is  a 
blessing  of  incalculable  value  and  only  attended 
by  a  minimum  of  danger.  In  my  opinion,  it  would 
be  a  great  step  forward  if  the  package  should 
carry  not  only  the  net  weight,  but  also  the  date 
of  manufacture,  so  that  goods  could  not  be  held 
too  long  on  the  grocer's  shelves.  This  is  es- 
pecially true  in  the  case  of  condensed  milk,  and 
such  vegetables  as  asparagus,  fish  products,  ber- 


44  1001    TESTS 


ries,  etc.,  some  of  which  are  especially  apt  to  attack 
the  inner  surface  of  the  container. 

Another  difficulty  in  passing  upon  the  output  of 
canned  goods  is  that  many  of  them  are  put  up  in 
plain  cans  and  handled  by  jobbers  under  their 
own  names,  so  that  one  cannot  be  sure  that  the 
supply  of  any  particular  distributor  will  be  uni- 
form. The  terms  used  to  express  different 
grades  of  canned  goods  mean  but  little  to  the  can- 
ners  and  less  to  the  consumer.  The  simplifica- 
tion of  the  label  in  this  regard,  the  abandonment 
of  such  meaningless  terms  as  ** Superfine," 
^' Extra  Quality, '^  ^^ Early  June,  Extra  Sifted,'' 
etc.,  and  the  presence  of  the  date,  the  name  of  the 
manufacturer  and  the  true  net-weight  on  each  can, 
would  be  a  boon  to  the  housekeeper  and  enable 
her  to  buy  more  intelligently  and  permit  of  a 
more  accurate  estimate  of  the  various  grades  and 
brands  in  relation  to  their  price. 

Notwithstanding  these  criticisms,  which  are 
largely  matters  of  labeling  and  distribution,  the 
canned  goods  supply,  can  be  given  as  large  a 
measure  of  approval  as  could  be  accorded  to  any 
single  class  of  food  products.  Increasing  confi- 
dence of  the  people  in  the  quality  of  these  steri- 
lized products  since  the  great  body  of  manufac- 
turers have  become  affiliated  in  a  National  As- 


CANNED    GOODS  45 

sociation  pledged  to  purity,  wholesomeness,  and 
honesty  of  its  products  is  strengthening  the  com- 
mercial side  of  the  canning  industry  and  pro- 
moting the  efforts  of  food  officials  and  hygienists 
who  are  striving  for  the  highest  ideals  in  food 
production. 

FRUITS  (SEE  ALSO  DRIED  FRUITS) 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

TESTED  FRUITS 
Boyle,  John,  Company,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(N)  Strawberries,  Victory  Brand.  (A  plain  can  (n&t 
lacquered),  artificial  color  claimed,  but  none  de- 
tected. The  proportion  of  liquid  solids  was  too 
high,  though  the  whole  can  was  over  weight.) 

California  Fruit  Canner's  Association,  San  Franciseo, 
Gal.  (Packed  for  Park  and  TUford,  New  York 
City,) 

iir  Apricots,  Del  Monte  Brand  Extra  Quality. 

ir  Cherries,  Royal  A|ine,  D^  Monte  Brand,  Extra 
Quality. 

"At  Hawaiian  Pineapple,  Gold  Leaf  Extra,  Sliced. 

*  Logan  Berries,  Del  Monte  Brand  Extra  Quality. 

*  Peaches,  Lemon  Cling,  Del  Monte  Brand,  Extra 

Quality. 


46  1001    TESTS 


^  Peaches,  Yellow  Free,  Del  Monte  Brand  Extra 

Quality. 
ik  Pears,  Bartlett,  Del  Monte  Brand  Extra  Quality. 

*  Plums,  Egg,  Del  Monte  Brand  Extra  Quality. 

ifc-  Plums,  Green  Gage,  Del  Monte  Brand  Extra  Qual- 
ity. 
Cobb  Preserving  Company,  Pairport,  N.  Y. 

*  "White  Cherries,  Navy  Brand.     (Amount  of  liquid 

slightly  high  in  proportion  to  the  fruit — 50  per 
cent,  of  each.    The  can  was  over  weight,) 

Davies,  K.  M.,  and  Company,  Williamson,  N.  Y. 

'k  Red  Raspberries,  Williamson  Brand.  (Liquid 
rather  high  in  proportion  to  fruit  (63  per  cent, 
of  juice),  total  weight  very  good,) 

Griffith-Durney  Company,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 
k  Apricots,  California,  Troubadour  Brand. 

*  Bartlett  Pears,  California,  Troubadour  Brand. 

*  Cherries,  Royal  Anne,  Troubadour  Brand. 

*  Plums,  Egg,  California,  Troubadour  Brand. 

*  Plums,  Green  Gage,  Troubadour  Brand. 

Hawaiian  Pineapple  Company,  Honolulu. 

k  Hawaiian     Sliced    Pineapple,    Paradise     Island 
Brand. 
Hunt  Brothers,  Haywood,  Cal. 

*  Apricots. 

-k  Bartlett  Pears. 

*  Cherries,  Royal. 
k  Peaches. 


CANNED    GOODS  47 

Lanning  and  Son,  William,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

ic  Blackberries  in  Syrup,  Silver  Lake  Brand. 

it  Pears,  Silver  Lake  Brand. 
Leggett,  Francis  H.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N,  T. 

ic  Premier  Strained  Cranberry  Sauce. 
Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Bartlett  Pears. 

it  Extra  Lemon  Cling  Peaches. 

it  Sliced  Hawaiian  Pineapple. 

Siegel  Cooper  Company,  New  Yol'k,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Hawaiian   Sliced   Pineapples,   Fountain   Brand, 
Extra.     (Unwarranted  medicinal  claims  '* spe- 
cially  valuable  in   case   of  diphtheria,   etc.'' 
Quality  good.) 
it  Lemon  Cling  Peaches,  Fountain  Brand. 


MILK  PRODUCTS,  INFANT'S  POODS,  ETC. 

It  often  happens  that  infants  are  deprived  of 
their  natural  diet,  i.e.,  the  milk  of  a  healthy  mother. 
There  are  also  sometimes  derangements  of  nutri- 
tion in  which  case  the  child  does  not  assimilate 
normal  food.  To  meet  these  conditions  manufac- 
turers and  physicians  have  endeavored  to  supply 
nutritious  substitutes  for  the  child's  natural  diet. 
It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  none  of  these 
efforts  have  met  with  complete  success.  There 
is  no  so-called  conunercial  *  infant's  food,"  that 
can  be  recommended  for  general  use.  The  anx- 
ious mother  vainly  turns  from  one  vaunted  prepa- 
ration to  another  to  avoid  diarrhea,  or  check  the 
loss  of  weight  of  a  wasting  child.  Most  of  the 
makers  of  infant  foods  recognize  the  fact  that  pure 
milk,  scientifically  modified,  is  the  best  substitute 
for  mother's  milk.  The  milk  of  the  Holstein  cow 
is  said  to  be  particularly  adapted  to  infant  feed- 
^Sy  ^y  reason  of  its  relatively  lower  content  of 
fat,  and  the  smaller  size  of  the  fat  globules,  re- 
sembling human  milk  more  nearly  in  these  par- 
ticulars. Goat's  milk,  unfortunately  not  utilized 
in  this  country,  is  probably  better  adapted  to  th© 

48 


CANNED    GOODS  49 

infant's  use  than  cow's  milk,  and  the  animal  itself 
is  less  prone  to  tuberculosis. 

The  wise  physician,  guided  by  the  principles  of 
scientific  dietetics,  will  endeavor  by  slight  modifica- 
tions of  pure,  clean,  fresh  milk,  from  healthy  ani- 
mals (usually  effected  by  varying  degrees  of  dilu- 
tion, and  the  addition  of  milk  sugar  and  lime  water 
and  sometimes  barley  water),  to  determine  the 
diet  best  suited  to  the  particular  case.  A  large 
percentage  of  the  commercial  infants'  foods  are 
offered,  not  as  complete  foods,  but  as  milk  modi- 
fiers. One  of  the  virtues  urged  in  their  behalf  is 
the  substitution  of  sugar  and  dextrin  (made  by 
the  action  of  enzymes  on  starch  obtained  from 
cereal  products)  for  the  natural  milk  sugar  or 
lactose.  It  is  difiicult  to  believe  that  nature  has 
made  a  mistake  in  placing  lactose  instead  of  su- 
crose, maltose  or  dextrin,  in  the  milk  of  the  mam- 
mals. That  infants  often  thrive  on  these  substi- 
tute sugars  is  an  evidence  of  the  ability  even  of 
the  babe  to  tolerate  a  strange  environment  rather 
than  a  proof  of  the  waywardness  of  nature.  It 
is  more  logical  to  believe  that  lactose,  the  natural 
milk  sugar  of  little  sweetness,  is  not  only  the  nor- 
mal, but  also  the  best  carbohydrate  for  the  baby. 

The  infant's  foods  of  commerce  may  be  divided 
into  the  following  general  classes : 


60  1001    TESTS 


1.  Milk  products  (including  condensed  milk, 
sweetened  or  unsweetened,  tlie  latter  being  known 
as  ** evaporated''  milk  and  dried  milks). 

2.  Malted  cereals. 

3.  Mixtures  of  malted  cereals,  with  milk,  im- 
properly called  ^^ malted  milks.'' 

4.  Mixtures  of  sugar,  malt,  dextrose,  dextrin, 
^g&s,  etc. 

The  condensed  milks  are  not  offered  exclusively 
for  infant's  foods,  but  for  general  nutrition,  and 
as  a  food  for  grown  people,  for  use  in  coffee,  for 
convenience  in  traveling,  camping,  etc.,  and  for 
general  use  when  fresh  milk  is  not  available  or  is 
under  suspicion,  they  afford  a  most  valuable  sub- 
stitute. Nearly  all  labels  and  advertisements, 
however,  commend  them  for  infant  feeding. 
Sweetened  condensed  milk,  consisting  as  it  does, 
largely  of  sugar  (often  over  40  per  cent.)  should 
never  be  used  for  infant  feeding.  This  amount  of 
sugar  unbalances  the  ration,  increasing  enor- 
mously the  proportion  of  carbohydrates  and  thus 
tends  to  derange  digestion  and  promote  the  undue 
formation  of  fat,  mistakenly  hailed  by  the  mother 
as  an  indication  of  healthy  nutrition.  Growth, 
firmness  of  flesh,  color  and  animation  are  much 
surer  signs   of  successful  feeding   than  is   the 


CANNED    GOODS  61 

^^ creased  plumpness,"  so  lauded  by  venders  of  in- 
fant foods. 

When  traveling,  or  if  a  pure  whole  milk  cannot 
be  secured,  or  in  hot  climates  where  refrigerating 
facilities  are  limited,  the  unsweetened  condensed 
milk,  sometimes  called  *^ evaporated  milk''  may- 
afford  the  second  best  choice.  By  reason  of  the 
high  temperatures  required  to  sterilize  and  con- 
dense the  product,  such  milk  undergoes  marked 
changes  of  character,  which  many  medical  authori- 
ties consider  affect  its  nutritive  properties  for  in- 
fants, the  mineral  ingredients  especially  being  less 
easily  assimilated.  Though  this  evidence  is  ques- 
tioned by  some,  it  is  well  to  be  on  the  safe  side,  and 
while  many  infants  thrive  on  a  diet  of  condensed 
milk  others  so  fed  have  suffered  from  rickets  and 
other  diseases  of  deranged  assimilation. 

Condensed  milks  are  properly  made  from  the 
pure,  clean,  fresh  milk  of  healthy  cows.  Prac- 
tically much  of  it  is  made  of  milk  from  very  un- 
sanitary cows,  and  handled  in  unsanitary  dairies. 
There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  the  milk  in  many 
of  the  dairies  is  better  than  some  of  that  sold  in  its 
natural  state.  The  evaporated  product,  however, 
has  the  distinct  advantage  over  ordinary  market 
milk,  in  so  far  as  diseased  germs  and  dirt  are  con- 


Sa  1001    TESTS 


cemed,  that  it  is  strained  and  sterilized  in  the  con- 
densaries ;  the  sweetened  product  is  not  sterile. 

According  to  the  official  standards,  condensed 
milk  contains  not  less  than  28  per  cent,  of  solids 
and  of  these  7.7  per  cent,  is  fat.  Subsequent  un- 
warranted modification  of  the  standard  requires 
that  the  sum  of  total  solids  and  fat  shall  be  34.3  per 
cent.,  of  which  7.8  should  be  fat.  Many  of  the  con- 
densed milks  on  the  market  fall  even  below  this. 
While  in  my  opinion  the  official  standards  are  not 
as  high  as  they  should  be,  having  been  established 
by  act  of  Congress  they  can  be  changed  only  by 
Congressional  direction.  But  although  the  stan- 
dards now  represent  minimum  requirements  for 
total  solids  and  fat,  there  has  been  a  long  con- 
tinued attempt  on  the  part  of  many  manufacturers 
to  have  them  lowered  still  further.  The  claim  has 
been  persistently  mad'e  that  it  was  impracticable 
to  condense  milks  to  the  minimum  degree  required, 
namely,  28  per  cent,  of  solids,  by  reason  of  the 
fact  that  the  organic  salts  present  in  milk,  mostly 
compounds  with  citric  acid,  would  crystallize  out 
and  form  a  sandy,  gritty  deposit  objectionable  to 
the  consumer.  Also  the  argument  is  made  that 
when  condensed  milks  are  made  from  whole  milk 
containing  4  per  cent,  of  fat  (although  this  is  about 
the  general  average)   the  required  total  solids 


CANNED    GOODS 


should  be  lower,  since  it  is  claimed  to  be  difficult 
to  keep  the  ^^ excessive  quantity"  of  fat  from  sep- 
arating and  forming  a  kind  of  thick  cream.  In  my 
opinion  both  of  these  contentions  are  without 
foundation,  and  this  view  is  borne  out  by  the  sam- 
ple of  the  imported  evaporated  milk  which  we  have 
examined,  which  contains  about  one-fifth  more 
total  solids  and  fat  than  is  required  by  the  mini- 
mum standards  of  this  country.  If  a  manufac- 
turer in  Switzerland  can  produce  a  very  satisfac- 
tory product  containing  over  33  per  cent,  of  solids 
and  9y2  per  cent,  of  fat,  an  American  manufac- 
turer should  not  grumble  because  he  is  required  to 
have  28  per  cent,  of  solids  and  about  7.7  per  cent, 
of  fat.  Moreover,  the  physical  appearance  of  the 
imported  sample  was  most  excellent,  being  soft, 
creamy,  devoid  of  grit,  and  showing  no  evidences 
of  the  separation  of  fat.  It  is  more  probable  that 
the  separation  referred  to  is  due  to  long  keeping, 
and  not  to  an  excessive  condensation.  Evap- 
orated milks  should  be  distributed  in  such  a  man- 
ner that  they  will  not  remain  too  long  upon  the 
shelves  of  the  dealers. 

Skimmed  milk  cannot  be  advised  for  infants, 
and  evaporated  milks,  especially  milks  recom- 
mended for  infant  feeding,  should  be  held  strictly 
up  to  the  standard  for  total  solids  and  fat.    Dried 


54  1001    TESTS 


milk  or  milk  powder  differs  from  condensed  milk  in 
being  almost  free  from  moisture.  It  has  all  the 
faults  and  virtues  of  condensed  milk  and  may  serve 
a  most  useful  purpose  when  the  fresh  product  can- 
not be  obtained. 

When  cereals,  wheat,  rye,  barley,  etc.,  are  finely 
ground  and  made  into  a  paste  by  the  admixture  of 
water  at  a  high  temperature,  they  are  readily  acted 
on  by  malt  which  renders  the  starch  soluble,  chang- 
ing it  into  sugars  (maltose  an(J  dextrose),  and  into 
dextrin.  The  infant  utilizes  starch  only  with  diffi- 
culty and  this  process  makes  it  more  easily  di- 
gestible. No  normal  infant  at  its  mother's  breast, 
however,  requires  food  of  this  kind.  Nature  is 
the  safest  guide,  and  if  such  preparations  have  any 
value,  it  is  only  in  abnormal  conditions.  The  use 
of  simply  modified  milk,  as  previously  described, 
up  to  the  sixth  month,  and  the  gradual  introduction 
of  cereal  gruels,  fruit  juices,  etc.,  after  that  time 
is  in  general  a  procedure  to  be  preferred  to  the  use 
of  so-called  '* infants'  foods." 

Malted  milks  represent  a  large  class  of  mis- 
branded  products,  consisting  really  of  a  certain 
amount  of  milk  mixed  with  malted  cereals,  the  lat- 
ter usually  forming  the  principal  part  of  the 
product.  They  are  nutritious  and  convenient 
materials  for  grown  persons,  and  some  invalids. 


CANNED    GOODS  65 

but  are  too  Mgh.  in  carbohydrates  ( starches,  and 
sugars)  foreign  to  an  infant's  natural  food  to  be 
especially  adapted  to  this  purpose.  Often  the  per- 
centage of  fat  is  so  low  as  to  indicate  that  even  the 
small  amount  of  milk  present  was  skimmed  milk. 
Special  comment  on  the  samples  of  these  classes 
of  infant's  foods  examined  will  be  found  in  connec- 
tion with  the  respective  products. 

TESTED  MILK  PKODUCTS,  INFANT'S  FOODS, 
ETC. 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

American  Druggist's  Syndicate. 

(D)  A.  D.  S.  Malted  Milk.     {Not  a  whole  milk;  only 
1.2  per  cent,  of  fat  found.    Extravagant  claims 
as  to  quality  and  being  ''The  lest  of  all  foods 
for  infants  and  invalids.^') 
American  Malted  Food  Company,  Milwaukee,  "Wis. 

(D)  Thompson's  Malted  Food— Malted  Milk.  {Too 
low  in  fat  in  proportion  to  protein  and  lactose 
for  a  whole  milk;  indicates  skim  milk;  lactose 
so  high  as  to  indicate  that  it  is  added  as  such 
(0.54  per  cent,  of  fat  and  20  per  cent,  of  lactose 
found.) 

(D)  Thompson's  Malted  Beef  (Peptone).  {Analysis 
practically  the  same  as  for  malted  milk;  not 


56  1001    TESTS 


enough  heef  peptone  to  give  character  to  the 
product.) 
Aurora  Condensed  Milk  Company,  Rotterdam,  Holland. 

*  Sweetened     Condensed     milk.     (Most     excellent 

product,  about  %  higher  in  milk  solids  and  fat 
than  the  American  output,) 

Benger's  Food,  Ltd.,  Manchester,  Great  Britain. 

(D)  Benger's  Pood.  (Chiefly  flour,  containing  a  lit- 
tle diastase  and  sodium  iicarbonate;  claims  for 
digestiiility  and  nutritive  value  unwarranted. 
Not  desirable  for  infants.) 

Bema  Milk  Company,  Thoune,  Switzerland. 

"At  Condensed  Swiss  Milk,  sweetened  with  sugar. 
(About  %  higher  in  milk  solids  amd  fat  than 
the  American  samples.  Claim  ^^  Absolutely 
Pure''  and  directions  for  infant  feeding,  ob- 
jectionable, but  product  is  not  especially  rec- 
ommended for  this  purpose.) 

Bernese  Alps  Milk  Company,  Switzerland. 

*  Evaporated   unsweetened   Swiss   milk.     (A   most 

excellent  product,  fully  %  higher  in  solids  and 
fat  than  our  best  American  products.  Claim 
^'Can  be  used  as  an  excellent  cream"  objection- 
able, as  it  has  only  half  the  butter  fat  of  a  true 
cream,) 
Borden's  Condensed  Milk  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Condensed  Milk,  The  Gail  Borden  Eagle  Brand. 
(A  most  excellent  sweetened  milk  for  general 
me;  not  starred  solely  because  of  extravagant 


CANNED    GOODS  57 

claims  for  its  special  suitahility  for  infants' 
feeding,  for  which  use  it  is  deemed  most  oh- 
jectionahle,  as  it  contains  over  40  per  cent,  of 
sucrose,  an  element  not  found  at  all  in  the  in- 
fants' normal  food,) 

*  Evaporated  Milk,  Borden's  Peerless  (pound  cans). 
(N)  Evaporated  Milk,  Borden's  Peerless   (six  ounce 

can).  (The  large  cans  were  of  excellent  com- 
position, hut  two  samples  of  the  small  cans, 
same  brand,  were  low  both  in  solids  and  fat. 
May  have  been  accidental,) 

ir  Evaporated  Milk,  Unsweetened,  St.  Charles  Brand. 

lA:  Malted  Milk,  Borden's.  (A  whole  milk  mixed 
with  malted  cereals;  an  excellent  and  nutritious 
food  for  adults  but  not  suitable  for  infant  feed- 
ing in  general  as  claimed,  and  not  approved 
for  this  purpose.  Much  less  objectionable  than 
the  sweetened  condensed  milk  for  this  pur- 
pose,) 

Denmark  Condensed  Milk  Company,  Denmark,  Wis. 
(N)  Danish  Prize  Evaporated  Milk.     {Not  sufficiently 
condensed.    Exaggerated  claims  made  for  qual- 
ity.   It    is    not    the    '*  leading    brand   of    the 
world,'') 

Helvetia  Milk  Condensing  Company,  Highland,  111. 

*  Our  Pet  Brand  Unsweetened,  Sterilized,  Evapo- 

rated Milk. 


58  1001    TESTS 


Hires  Condensed  Milk  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(N)  Hires  Condensed  Milk.  (Milk  sufficiently  con- 
densed, hut  either  a  product  low  in  fat  was  used 
or  it  was  partly  skimmed;  should  he  laheled 
^^Sweetened,"  contains  ahout  45  per  cent,  of 
sugar.) 

Horlick*s  Malted  Milk  Company,  Racine,  Wis. 

*  Horlick's  Malted  Milk.     (See  Borden's.) 

Imperial  Granum  Company,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
(D)  Imperial  Granum — The  Great  Prepared  Food. 
(Practically  a  partially  roasted  flour.  Exag- 
gerated claims  as  to  its  value  as  a  food  for  in- 
fants and  invalids.  Especially  does  it  contain 
too  much  starch  for  an  infant's  food.) 

Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

*  Condensed  Milk,  Sweetened.     (Contains  ahout  44 

per  cent,  of  sucrose.  No  reference  found  to  in- 
fant feeding.) 
(N)  Evaporated  Milk,  Sterilized,  Unsweetened.  (A 
good  whole  milk  hut  condensation  not  carried 
quite  far  enough.  Six  samples  averaged  7.7 
per  cent,  of  fat  and  only  ahout  26  of  solids.) 

Mead,  Johnson  and  Company,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
(N)  Mead's     Dextri-Maltose — Malt     Sugar.     (Essen- 
tially a  mixture  of  dextrin  and  maltose,  pre- 
pared hy  enzymic  action,  not  considered  a  de- 


CANNED    GOODS  69 

sirable  substitute  for  lactose  in  modifying  milk 
for  infant  feeding  in  normal  conditions,) 

Mellin's  Food  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(N)  Mellin's  Food.  (A  dried  mMt  extract  from 
wheat  and  barley,  mostly  maltose  with  some 
dextrin.  Superior  to  some  infant's  foods,  in 
that  it  does  not  contain  starch,  but  it  is  not  a 
^'true  substitute  for  mother's  milk,"  even  when 
combined  with  milk  as  recommended,) 

Merrell  Soule  Company,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Klim.  (This  is  really  a  dried  skimmed  milk  for 
cooking  purposes,  contains  only  0.21  per  cent, 
of  fat,  while  a  similar  whole  milk  preparation 
would  contain  30  per  cent.  This  is  milk  spelled 
backwards  in  more  ways  than  one;  claim  '^For 
all  cooking  where  milk  is  needed''  not  war- 
ranted,) 

Mohawk  Condensed  Milk  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Sweet  Clover  Brand,  Sweetened  Condensed  Milk. 
(A  good  product  containing  standard  amounts 
of  fat  and  solids  but  is  nearly  half  sucrose 
and  still  claims  to  be  the  '^most  perfect  sub- 
stitute for  mother's  milk,"  which  contains 
none,) 

Ncstl6,  Henri,  99  Chambers  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Nestle 's  Food.     {Contains  some  starch  but  has  a 
good  content  of  fat,  protein  and  soluble  carbo- 
hydrates.   Not  a  '^perfect  nutriment  for  in- 
fants" as  claimed,) 


60  1001    TESTS 


Pacific  Coast  Condensed  Milk  Company,  Seattle,  Wash. 
(N)  Carnation    Brand    Sterilized    Evaporated    Milk. 
{Made  of  whole  milk   but  insufficiently  con- 
densed.   Is  very  low  in  total  solids  but  good  fat 
content.    Extravagant  claims  as  to  quality,) 

Patch,  The  E.  L.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Patch 's  Powdered  Sugar  of  Milk.  (A  pure  lactose 
or  milk  sugar  for  modifying  the  milk  for  feed- 
ing of  infants,) 

Smith,  Kline  and  French,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(D)  Eskay's  Albumenized  Food.  {Contains  too  much 
starch  to  be  used  for  an  infant's  food.  Claim 
that  it  is  ^^albumenized/'  and  is  the  ^^m^st  nu- 
tritious, most  palatable  food  upon  the  m^irket," 
not  warranted  as  protein  is  low,) 

Van  Camp  Packing  Company,  The,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
(N)  Evaporated  Milk,  Sterilized,  uncolored,  unsweet- 
ened. {Not  ^^a  perfect  food  for  infants''  as 
claimed.  Apparently  a  whole  milk  but  con- 
densation  not  carried  far  enough,  to  give  stand- 
ard amount  of  total  solids,) 


SOUPS,  EXTRACTS,  BOUILLON  CUBES,  ETC. 

No  soups  are  high  in  nutritive  value  as  they  con- 
tain so  large  a  percentage  of  water,  but  they  have  a 
dietetic  value  notwithstanding.  The  soups  ap- 
proved by  chemical  analysis,  odor,  flavor  and  con- 
dition of  the  can  gave  evidence  of  having  been 
prepared  in  a  sanitary  way  from  good  materials, 
but  the  highest  rating  was  not  accorded  these 
products  because  it  is  impossible  to  determine  defi- 
nitely from  such  inspection  the  quality  of  the  raw 
materials  used. 

The  meat  extracts  and  bouillon  cubes  have  been 
included  in  connection  with  the  soups,  for  con- 
venience, though,  of  course,  they  are  not,  strictly 
speaking,  canned  goods.  It  cannot  be  too  often 
repeated  that  neither  a  meat  extract  nor  a  beef 
cube  represents  concentrated  nourishment.  On 
the  contrary,  the  bouillon  cubes  especially  contain 
large  amounts  of  salt  and  the  nitrogenous  princi- 
ples present  are  stimulative  rather  than  nutritious. 
For  flavoring  a  cup  of  hot  water,  to  take  the  place 
of  a  clear  consommg,  or  to  be  used  in  the  kitchen 
for  flavoring  purposes,  they  are  useful  and  e^n- 

61 


1001    TESTS 


venient.  They  should  never  be  depended  upon  for 
a  child's  luncheon  or  for  nourishment  for  an  in- 
valid. 

TESTED  SOUPS,  EXTRACTS,  BOUILLON 
CUBES,  ETC. 

Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

*  Extract  of  Beef. 

(N)  Bouillon  Cubes.  (Salt  high — 67  per  cent.,  claims 
mildly  objectionable,  not  a  '' satisfying  substi- 
tute for  a  heavy  lunch/'  etc) 

Beardsley's  Sons,  J.  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Yegex,  A  vegetable  extract.  (A  yeast  extract  of 
good  odor  and  flavor  containing  35  per  cent,  of 
nitrogenous  material,  not  all  of  which  however 
is  protein.  Value  is  stimulative  rather  than 
nutritive,  as  in  all  such  products.  Claim  '^ex- 
tremely high  food  value''  is  therefore  mislead- 
ing.) 

Bumhaih,  E.  L.,  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Clam  Bouillon.     (Not  '^ highly''  concentrated  as 

claimed.) 

Campbell,  Joseph,  Company,  Camden,  N.  S'. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Asparagus. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Beef. 

'A'  Condensed  Soup,  Bouillon. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Celery. 
-k  Condensed  Soup,  Chicken. 


CANNED    GOODS 


*  Condensed  Soup,  Chicken  Gumbo. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Clam  Chowder. 
ic  Condensed  Soup,  Consomme. 

ic  Condensed  Soup,  Julienne. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Mulligatawny. 

*  Campbell's  Mock  Turtle  Soup. 
i^  Condensed  Soup,  Mutton  Broth. 

*  Campbell's  Ox  Tail  Soup. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Pea. 

"A'  Condensed  Soup,  Printanier. 
ii:  Condensed  Soup,  Tomato  Okra. 
"At  Condensed  Soup,  Tomato. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Vegetable. 

*  Condensed  Soup,  Vermicelli. 

Cudahy  Packing  Company,  South  Omaha,  Nebr. 

(N)  Extract  of  Beef.  (Not  ''the  best''  though  it  has 
a  good  nitrogen  content — coagulable  nitrogen 
not  in  extract  at  all — finished  product  does  not 
^'represent  about  45  lbs.  of  lean  meat  to  1  pound 
of  solid  extract/'  in  nutritive  value.) 

Franco-American  Food  Company,  Jersey  City,  N.  T. 

*  Clear  Oxtail  Soup. 

*  Puree  of  Tomato. 

-*-  Clear  Vegetable  Soup. 

Hoyt,  W.  M.,  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
-A-  Tours  Truly  Condensed  Tomato  Soup. 

Knorr,  C.  H.,  Germany. 

(N)  Barley,  Knorr  Soup.     (Solid  sowp  tablets;  Cdi(n' 


64  1001    TESTS 


venieni  and  wholesome,  serving  a  useful  pur- 
pose for  campers,  etc,  hut  lacking  in  flavor  and 
appetizing  odor;  bouillon  cuies  dboui  like  Steero 
— no  false  nutrition  claims,  statement  applies 
to  whole  output,) 
'k  Bouillon  Consomme. 

(N)  Cabbage. 

(N)  Egg  Quodlibet. 

(N)  Green  Pea. 

(N)  YeUow  Pea. 

(N)  Mock  Turtle. 

(N)  Mushroom. 

(N)  Mutton  Broth. 

(N)  Onion. 

(N)  Oxtail. 

(N)  Petite  Marmit^. 

(N)  Potato. 

(N)  Regina. 

(N)  Tapioca  Julienne. 

(N)  Tomato. 

Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby. 

*  Concentrated  Oxtail  Soup. 
-A-  Concentrated  Tomato  Soup. 

*  Concentrated  Vegetable  Soup. 
Liebig's  Extract  of  Meat  Company,  London. 

(N)  Liebig's  Extract  of  Meat.  {An  excellent  product 
not  starred  solely  because  of  advertisements 
advocating  its  addition  to  milk  for  children. 


CANNED    GOODS  65 

claims  as  to  increasing  the  assimilation  of 
milk,  etc,  deemed  most  misleading  and  undesir- 
able.) 
(N)  Liebig  Company's  0X0  Bouillon  Cubes.  (Cor- 
neille  David  and  Company,  Distributors,  New 
York,  N.  Y.)  (Claims  ^' strengthening' '  ^'a 
meal  in  a  minute,''  etc.,  misleading,  although 
composition  is  good  for  this  class  of  products.) 

National  Pure  Food  Company,  149  Broadway,  New 

York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Puro   Soup — Beef.     (Powdered — >same   comment 

as  on  Knurr's.) 
(N)  Puro  Soup — Chicken. 
(N)  Puro  Soup — Green  Turtle. 
(N)  Puro  Soup — ^Lentil. 
(N)  Puro  Soup — ^Vegetable. 

Richardson  and  Robbing,  Dover,  Delaware. 

*  Chicken  Soup. 
Royal  Specialty  Company. 

*  Anker's  Bouillon  Capsulei. 

SchiefFelin  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

"At  Steero  Bouillon  Cubes.  (Very  good  composition — 
nutrition  claims  withdraum,  salt  content  rela- 
tively moderate  and  presence  declared  on 
label.) 


66  1001    TESTS 


TESTED  CANNED  VEGETABLES 

Austin-Nichols  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Asparagus,  Sun  Beam  Pure  Food,  California. 
'A'  Beans,  Lima  Scottish  Chief  Green,  Extra. 

(N)  Beans,  Stringless  Broadway  Brand.     {Slack  fill, 

11  oz,  solids  found,  13  called  for,) 
i^  Corn,  Republic  Sugar. 
"At  Corn,  Scottish  Chief  Sweet. 

*  Peas,  Scottish  Chief  Sifted  Early  June. 

*  Peas,  Republic  Sifted  Early  June. 

Boyle,  John,  Company,  Baltimore,  Md. 

*  Spinach,  Victory  Brand  Early  Garden. 

*  Spinach,  Glenmore  Early  Pall. 

*  String  Beans,  Victory  Brand. 

*  Tomatoes,  Glenmore  Brand. 
Brakeley,  Joseph,  Inc.,  Freehold,  N.  J. 

^  Beans,  Lima,  Sinclare  Brand. 

California  Fruit  Canners'  Association,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

*  Asparagus  Tips,  Del  Monte  Green. 

*  Asparagus,  Del  Monte  Brand  Extra  Quality  Co- 

lossal Green. 
Cresca  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (Packed  in  France.) 

*  Artichokes,  Cresca,  Whole  French  Natural. 

*  Artichoke  Bottoms,  Oresca  Extra.     {Tendency  to 

short  weight,) 
'A'  Mushrooms,  Cresca  Stuffed^ 
ic  Mushrooms,  Powdered, 


CANNED    GOODS  67 

DeGrofF,  Lewis,  and  Son,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
i^  Peas,  Health  Brand  Sifted  Early  June. 
ir  Corn,  Health  Brand  Food  Products,  Sweet. 
"Ar  Spinach,  Good  Honest  Brand. 
(N)  Stringless  Beans,   Good  Honest  Brand.     (Slack 
fill — 11  oz,  solids,  13  oz,  called  for.) 

Dunbar,  G.  W.,  Sons  Company,  New  Orleans,  La. 

*  Okra  and  Tomatoes,  Fresh. 

Frederick  City  Packing  Company,  Frederick  City,  Md. 

*  Succotash,  Pride  of  the  Valley. 

Green  Bay  Canning  Company,  Green  Bay,  "Wis. 

(D)  Beets,  Lazarre  Brand  Blood  Eed,  Table.  {Plain 
can — all  heets,  should  be  in  enameled  container 
— tin  content  too  high  though  within  legal  lim- 
its.) 

Greenhut-Siegel  Cooper  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
ir  Corn,    Milford   Brand    Extra    Standard    Tender 
Creamy  Sweet. 

Haserot  Canneries  Company,  The,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

*  Kornlet. 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

ir  Pork  and  Beans,  Oven  Baked.     (Not  enough  pork 
to  warrant  n^ime,) 

*  Beans,  Baked  with  Pork  and  Tomato  Sauce. 
i^  Beans,  Baked  in  Tomato  Sauce  without  Pork. 
"k  Kidney  Beans,  Baked. 


68  1001    TESTS 


Illinois  Canning  Company,  The,  Hoopeston,  111. 

*  Kidney  Beang,  Joan  of  Arc. 

Koenig  and  Schuster,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Lima  Beans,  Queen  Tiny. 

Leggett,  Francis  H.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Beans,  Nabob  Lima. 
"A"  Corn,  Premier  Brand. 

(N)  Peas,  Premier  Kun  of  the  Garden.     (Slack  fill 
— 49  per  cent,  liquid,  33  per  cent,  is  a  good  fill.) 
(N)  Spinach.    Nabob.     {Slack  fill — about   twice   the 
amount  of  water  necessary.) 
Liss,  George  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Peas,  The  Highwood  Extra  Sifted  Early  June. 
Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Asparagus,  Special  Extra. 

*  Asparagus,  California. 

*  Pork  and  Beans.     (Tendency  to  short  weight;  too 

little  pork  to  justify  name.) 

*  Pork  and  Beans,  with  Tomato  Sauce.     (Too  little 

pork  to  justify  name.) 
iir  Sauer  Kraut,  Hanover  Brand. 

Mcllhenny  Company,  Avery  Island,  La. 

*  Tabasco  Brand  Whole  Okra. 
Middendorf  and  Rohrs,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Lima  Beans,  Fairfield  Brand. 

*  Lima  Beans,  Dellf  ord  Brand  Tiny. 

*  Lima  Beans,  Nectar  Brand  Green. 
-k  Beets,  Fairfield  Brand. 


CANNED   GOODS  69 

Numsen,  William  and  Sons,  Inc.,  Baltimore,  Md.,  and 

Benesso,  111. 
(D)  Pumpkin,  Clipper  Brand.     {Tin  too  high,  over 

1000  mg,) 
North  Maine  Packing  Company,  Corinna,  Maine. 

*  Lentils,  Royal  Brand  Finest  Quality,  Imported, 

in  Tomato  Sauce. 

Olney,  Burt,  Canning  Company,  Oneida,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Beans,  Refugee.     {Tin  too  high,  though  within 

permitted  limits;  too  much  water.) 
'At  Beets,  Garden. 

*  Corn,  Sweet,  Baby  Kernel. 

*  Peas,  Burt  Olney 's  Sifted  Early  June. 
ir  Spinach,  Garden. 

Phillips  Packing  Company,  Cambridge,  Md. 

*  Peas,  Golden  Rule  Brand,  Early  June. 

Seaman  Brothers,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Corn,  White  Rose  Brand. 

*  Peas,  White  Rose  Brand  Sweet  Wrinkled. 

*  Peas,  Savoy  Brand. 

*  Spinach,    White    Rose    Brand    Fancy    Cleansed. 

{Tendency  to  short  weight  hut  a  good  fill,) 
(N)  String  Beans,   Checker  Brand.     {Slack  fill— 11 
oz.  of  solids  found,  13  oz,  called  for,) 

*  Succotash,  Warfield  Brand. 
Siegel-Cooper  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Stringless  Beans,  Milford  Brand.     {Slack  fill — 11 
oz,  found,  13  oz.  called  for.) 


70  1001    TESTS 


Sills,  John  S.,  and  Sons,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
it  Corn,  Epicure  Sugar. 
(N)  Peas,  Epicure  Early  Sifted.     {Short  weight  and 

too  much  water,  40  per  cent.,  only  33  per  cent, 

needed,) 
:Ar  Tomatoes,  Liberty  Brand. 

Twitchell-Champlin  Co.,  Portland,  Maine,  and  Boston, 
Mass. 
(D)  Hatchet  Brand  Lima  Beans.     (Sub-lahel,  ^^ Packed 
from  dried  California  lima  beans/'  but  picture 
of  green  pods  on  label  is  misleading,  and  it  is 
not  permissible  to  correct  a  wrong  label  by  a 
sub-label.    Should  be  called  ^^ Hatchet  Brand, 
Soaked  Dried  Lima  Beans,''    Wholesome,  but 
inferior  to  green  product  and  it  is  a  question- 
able   procedure    economically,    to    can    dried 
beans.) 
Van  Camp  Packing  Company,  The,  Indianapolis,  In- 
diana. 
^  Hominy,  Van  Camp's  Hulled  Corn. 
it  Pork  and   Beans,   prepared   with  tomato  sauce. 

{Too  little  pork,) 
it  Pork  and  Beans,  Plain.     {Too  little  pork,) 
Webster,  Fred  L.,  Adams,  New  York. 

it  Spinach,  Webster's  Brand  Cultivated. 
White,  John  F.,  Mt.  Morris,  N.  Y. 

it  Sweet  Com,  Sweet  Violet  Brand,  Choicest. 
Williams,  R.  C,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
it  Com,  Royal  Scarlet,  Evergreen. 


CANNED    GOODS  71 

*  Peas,  Royal  Scarlet,  Early  Sweet. 
if  Spinach,  Robin  Hood  Brand. 
(D)  String  Beans,  Economy  Brand  Refugee.     {Nearly 
y^  water.    Very  slack  fill.) 

Yours  Truly  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

it  Pork  and  Beans,  Yours  Truly.     (Too  litth  pork.) 


VI 

CEEEALS  AND  CEEEAL  PRODUCTS 
BREAKFAST  FOODS 

MANY  are  the  letters  received  in  regard  to  the 
cereal  breakfast  foods,  especially  for  chil- 
dren's use.  One  mother  writes  me:  **Two  small 
youngsters  are  anxiously  awaiting  your  opinion  in 
regard  to  their  favorite  shredded  wheat,  grape 
nuts,  and  post  toasties."  With  few  exceptions,  a 
general  statement  will  serve  to  give  the  facts  in 
regard  to  all  of  the  leading  brands  of  cereal 
products  and  breakfast  foods  sold  in  packages. 
They  are  nutritious,  cleanly  products,  contain- 
ing the  greater  part  of  the  nutriment  of  the 
grain  and  in  some  cases  all  of  it.  They  are  put 
up  in  a  sanitary  package  and  are  convenient, 
and  afford  variety.  You  do  not  get  anywhere 
near  as  much  nutrition  for  the  same  amount 
of  money  as  when  you  buy  the  simple  grains,  such 
as  whole  wheat,  cornmeal,  oatmeal,  etc.,  in  bulk. 
If  you  realize  this,  however,  and  are  willing  to  pay 
for  the  convenience  and  variety,  there  is  no  reason 
why  they  should  not  be  used.    The  conuneal  and 


CEREALS  AND  CEREAL  PRODUCTS  73 

oatmeal  are  somewhat  heavy  and  heating,  so  that 
unless  a  person  is  doing  heavy,  physical  work,  it 
might  be  well  to  use  a  less  concentrated  food.  The 
whole  wheat  and  the  old  fashioned  oatmeal  and 
commeal  can  never  be  surpassed  or  equaled  as 
wholesome  economic  foods,  giving  the  greatest 
amount  of  nutriment  for  the  smallest  amount  of 
money.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  amount 
of  nutrition  present  is  not  the  only  point  involved 
in  wholesomeness  and  the  coarser  form  of  the 
natural  grains  and  the  presence  of  bran  have  a 
beneficial  effect  upon  the  bowels  as  well  as  furnish- 
ing additional  mineral  ingredients. 

The  processing  of  foods  by  ^^predigesting'*  and 
grinding,  in  my  opinion,  renders  them  relatively 
less  wholesome  though  not  less  nutritious,  inas- 
much as  performing  the  work  of  the  teeth  and  the 
digestive  organs  for  them  decreases  their  activity 
and  in  time  affects  their  functioning  if  it  is  car- 
ried too  far.  Nevertheless,  the  moderate  use  of 
the  package  cereals  is  an  undoubted  boon  under 
our  present  conditions  of  life  and  they  may  fill  a 
valuable  and  convenient  place  in  the  dietary,  if  not 
used  exclusively. 

The  most  serious  charge  to  be  brought  against 
package  cereals  is  the  exaggerated  claims  made 
for  their  nutritive  value.    One  becomes  confused 


74»  1001    TESTS 


among  so  many  products,  each  one  of  which  is  *'the 
richest  in  nourishment,"  *Hhe  most  easily  di- 
gested, even  by  chronic  invalids,"  'immediately 
converted  into  muscle  and  brain  activity,"  etc.,  etc. 
Oatmeal  is  the  heaviest  of  cereals  and  still  so  excel- 
lent a  brand  as  Hornby's  Steam  Cooked  Oatmeal 
claims  to  be  **Good  for  invalids  and  those  with 
weak  stomachs,"  merely  because  it  is  thoroughly 
cooked. 

**The  road  to  Wellville"  is  to  be  traveled  by  eat- 
ing Grape  Nuts,  a  meaningless  name  applied  to  a 
mixture  of  cooked  barley  and  wheat.  The  an- 
alysis of  this  product  shows  it  to  contain  a  very 
fair  amount  of  protein,  about  11  per  cent.,  with  an 
equal  amount  of  sugar,  and  no  more  mineral  in- 
gredients than  any  wheat  and  barley  mixture 
should  have.  There  are  no  ''brain  foods"  as 
such.  It  is  a  great  pity  for  these  products 
to  be  burdened  with  such  senseless  exaggerations 
as  to  leave  the  consumer  in  the  dark  as  to  the  rela- 
tive merits  of  different  grains  and  the  special  con- 
ditions under  which  they  should  be  used. 

TESTED  BREAKFAST  FOODS 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(Z>),  rated  at  75  and  lesa;  see  Introduction  and  pa^^  xxriii  for 
dstails  as  to  method  of  ratin^^.) 


CEREALS  AND  CEREAL  PRODUCTS  75 

Cream  of  Wheat  Company,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

^  Cream  of  Wheat.  {Germ  and  hran  of  the  wheat 
removed,  a  commendable  product,  hut  name 
somewhat  misleading,) 

Farwell  and  Rhines,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Barley  Crystals.  {Name  meaningless.  The  whole 
grains  are  represented  to  he  irritating  and  un- 
desirahle,  giving  a  false  impression.) 

(D)  Cresco  Grits.  {Three  packages  showed  insect  in- 
fection. Claims  to  he  ^'virtually  free  from 
hran  or  germ/'  ^^the  fermenting  elements  of 
grain/'  misleading,  as  the  whole  grain  is  a 
better  ^^ waste  repairing  food/') 

Five  Kernels  Food  Company,  The,  Detroit,  Michigan. 
(N)  The  Five  Food  Kernels.  {A  mixture  of  different 
grains.  Contains  less  nutriment  than  a  good 
oatmeal,  less  mineral  than  a  whole  wheat. 
Over  burdened  with  such  claims  as  this,  ^^A 
more  strengthening  food  than  meat  and  po- 
tatoes/' etc.) 

H.  O-  Company,  The,  Buffalo,  N.  T. 
*  Hornby's  Steam  Cooked  Oatmeal. 
(N)  Force.  {Good  product;  had  claims;  not  espe- 
cially ^^good  for  indigestion";  amount  of  ^'bar- 
ley mMt"  used  would  not  add  any  notable  di- 
gestive properties;  ''No  other  cereal  is  as  nu^ 
tritious/'  misleading.) 


76  1001    TESTS 


Hygienic  Food  Company,  Battle  Creek,  Michigan. 
(N)  Mapl-Flake.  The  Whole  "Wheat.  {Not  a  true 
whole  wheat.  Low  in  nitrogen  with  an  addi- 
tional amount  of  hran  added.  Not  enough 
maple  present  to  warrant  name,  A  good  prod- 
uct over-hurdened  with  claims.) 

Jireh  Diabetic  Food  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Jireh  Diatetic  Wheat  Nuts.  (Contains  50  per 
cent,  of  starch;  claims  to  be  a  correct  diet  for 
diabetes,  gout,  rheumatism,  etc.,  starch  too  high, 
and  statement  ^^ proper  proportion  of  carbohy- 
drates^' is  evasive;  amounts  should  be  stated 
for  protection  of  patient.  Value  of  the  change 
made  in  the  starch  is  problemutic) 

Kellogg  Toasted  Corn  Flake  Company,  Battle  Creek, 
Michigan. 
-k  Kellogg 's  Toasted  Corn  Flakes. 

*  Toasted  Wheat   Biscuit.     {Claims  as   to   special 

process  and  retaining  all  of  the  vital  elements 
of  the  whole  wheat  are  somewhat  overdrawn. 
Probably  extra  bran  added.) 

National  Oats  Company,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

*  National  Oats.     (Slightly  exaggerated  claims  as 

to  special  nutritive  value.) 

Postimi  Cereal  Company,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

*  Post  Toasties. 

(N)  Grape  Nuts.     {Claims  a$  to  nutritive  value  ex- 


CEREALS  AND  CEREAL  PRODUCTS  77 

aggerated;  not  a  brain  or  nerve  food  in  any 
special  sense,  name  misleading,) 

Quaker  Oats  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Quaker  Puffed  Wheat. 

(N)  Quaker  Toasted  Corn  Flakes.  (Good  hut  not  the 
whole  grain.  Claims  ^^We  retain  all  the  val- 
uable health  and  strength  giving  elements/'  but 
is  largely  starchy  part  of  corn;  minerals  and 
proteins  low.) 
i^  Quaker  Puffed  Rice.  (Slightly  exaggerated  state- 
ments as  to  ease  of  digestion  and  assimilation. 
Recommended  for  dyspeptics,  delicate  children, 
etc.) 

(N)  Quaker  Rolled  White  Oats.  (Excellent  product 
for  which  impossible  claims  are  made.  Is  not 
^^The  best  oat  meal  made.''  Others  are  as 
good.  Is  not  ^^  better  in  quality  and  flavor  than 
any  cereal  food  made.'') 
'A'  Fancy  Grits,  Granulated  Hominy. 

Ralston  Purina  Company,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

*  Ralston  Wheat  Food. 

Seaboard  Rice  Milling  Company,  Galveston,  Texas. 

it  Cereal,  Comet  Brand. 
Seaman  Brothers,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  White  Rose  Brand  Hominy. 

Shredded  Wheat  Company,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

*  Shredded  Wheat.     (Truly  the  whole  wheat.) 


78  1001    TESTS 


Tyler,  Byron,  Kansas  City,  Missouri. 

(N)  Raw  Food.  (A  mixture  of  ground  wJteaf,  ground 
nuts,  whole  raisins  and  oil,  the  latter  some- 
what rancid,  A  product  not  adapted  to  gen- 
eral merchandising,  and  most  extravagant 
claims  made  as  to  the  effects  and  desirability 
of  raw  food,) 

Uncle  Sam  Breakfast  Food  Company,  Omalia,  Ne- 
braska. 
(D)  Uncle  Sam  Health  Pood.  {A  mixture  of  flaked 
wheat  and  ground  flaxseed,  flavored  with  salt 
and  a  trace  of  celery  seed.  A  harmless  and 
nutritious  mixture,  19  per  cent,  fat,  and  19  per 
cent,  protein,  having  laxative  value,  with  such 
extravagant  claims  as  *^ A  perfectly  balanced  ra- 
tion.^' ^'Rheumatism  also  asthma,  are  re- 
lieved, as  well  as  kidney  and  bladder  disorders.'' 
'^ Endorsed  by  leading  physicians  everywhere.'' 
^'A  substitute  for  meat,  ready  to  eat,"  etc.) 

United  Cereal  Mills  Ltd.,  Quincy,  HI. 

*  Washington  Crisps. 

Wheatena  Company,  The,  Rahway,  N.  J. 
ic  Wheatena. 

Yours  Truly  Company,  The,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

*  Tours  Truly  Certified  Rolled  Oats. 


FLOURS,  MEALS,  AND  BRANS 

The  main  points  to  be  considered  in  regard  to  a 
flour  are  that  it  should  not  be  bleached  by  poison- 
ous chemicals  to  produce  an  unnatural  whiteness 
(and  in  attaining  this  ideal  the  housekeeper  can 
help  much  by  increasing  the  demand  for  the 
creamy  loaf,  instead  of  the  one  that  is  unnaturally 
white),  the  presence  of  the  proper  amount  of  nitro- 
gen and  mineral  ingredients,  fair  weight  and 
agreement  with  the  label.  More  expensive  flours 
such  as  buckwheat  and  rye  are  sometimes  adulter- 
ated with  others  costing  less.  It  is  only  the  patent 
or  the  white  flours,  of  course,  which  are  bleached. 
In  regard  to  the  graham  or  whole  wheat  flours, 
there  is  much  confusion  and  much  difficulty  in  get- 
ting the  true  article.  The  trade,  almost  without 
exception,  understands  an  *' entire  wheat"  flour 
to  be  a  flour  between  the  patent  and  the  graham, 
that  is  to  say,  some  of  the  bran  has  been  removed 
and  it  is  more  finely  ground  than  the  graham  but 
coarser  than  the  white.  It  is  an  intermediate 
product.  Plainly  this  is  an  established  trade  mis- 
nomer, as  the  flour  of  the  *^  entire  wheat"  should  be 
just  that,  the  entire  wheat  unbolted — and  should 

79 


80  1001    TESTS 


be  the  same  as  a  true  graham  flour.  Graham  flour 
is  not  only  brown  in  color,  consisting  of  the  whole 
wheat,  including  the  bran  with  its  additional  pro- 
tein and  mineral  ingredients,  but  it  is  an  unbolted, 
coarsely  ground  product,  which  has  a  health  value, 
in  its  effect  upon  the  intestines  apart  from  the 
question  of  nutrition.  Here  we  have  a  funda- 
mental difficulty  involving  long  established  trade 
conditions.  The  flour  is  separated  into  many  dif- 
ferent portions  in  the  mill  and  the  tendency  is  to 
reassemble  the  different  products  of  the  mill  and 
combine  them,  giving  many  different  grades  of  so- 
called  graham  flour,  instead  of  coarsely  grinding 
the  unbolted  whole  grain  as  should  be  done.  Of 
course,  one  may  artificially  make  up  a  graham  flour 
that  will  closely  approach  the  composition  of  the 
true  article,  but  it  is  easy  to  see  how  many  varia- 
tions will  occur  under  these  conditions,  and  too 
often  excessive  amounts  of  bran  and  low  grade 
flour  are  combined  to  pass  as  graham  or  **  whole 
wheat. '*  The  graham  flours  which  have  been 
starred  in  the  following  list  are  of  high  ash  (min- 
eral) and  nitrogen  content  and  comply  with  the 
standard  for  a  true  graham. 

The  two  other  classes  of  products  calling  for 
comment  are  the  so-called  self -rising  flours  and  the 
gluten  flours.    Th^  golf-rising  mixtures  oontain 


CEREALS  AND  CEREAL  PRODUCTS  81 

large  amounts  of  baking  powder,  usually,  whieli,  in 
my  opinion,  is  objectionable  and  you  pay,  of 
course,  for  the  mere  convenience  of  having  some 
one  add  the  baking  powder  to  your  flour  for  you. 
I  cannot  look  with  much  favor  upon  these  artificial 
mixtures.  The  claims  for  them  are  usually  over- 
stated and  you  pay  a  large  price  for  the  relative 
convenience  afforded.  They  cannot  be  said  to  be 
objectionable,  however,  except  on  this  score  and 
the  fact  of  the  large  amount  of  baking  powder 
present. 

The  so-called  gluten  flours,  from  which  all  or  a 
large  part  of  the  starch  is  supposed  to  have  been 
removed  to  fit  them  especially  for  diabetics  and 
others  who  cannot  readily  digest  starch,  have  been 
much  abused  in  labeling  and  the  buyer  has  been  led 
to  believe  that  the  product  was  virtually  free  from 
starch,  when  such  is  not  the  case.  Labels  should 
be  carefully  read  and  the  amount  of  starch  present 
should  be  declared  on  them  to  protect  diabetics  and 
those  whose  starch  supply  must  be  carefully  con- 
trolled. 

TESTED  FLOURS,  MEALS,  AND  BRANS 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
{D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  se^  Introduction  and  pa^e  xxyiii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 


82  1001    TESTS 


Christian  Company,  The,  New  York  City. 

(D)  Vieno  Bran.  {'' Nature's  remedy  for  constipa- 
tion, stomach  and  intestinal  trouble''  mislead- 
ing. In  abnormal  conditions  of  stomach  and 
intestines  it  might  be  irritating.  Good  for  con- 
stipation, but  better  to  take  bran  as  found  tn 
the  whole  grain,  rather  than  to  use  it  for  medi- 
cation in  large  quantities.) 

(N)  Vieno-Self -Raising  Bran  Meal.  {Not  sufficient 
nitrogen  and  mineral  ingredients  for  a  first- 
class  bran  meal;  not  enough  leavening  to  be 
called  self-raising.) 

Davis  Milling  Company,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

(N)  Aunt  Jemima's  Brand  Pancake  Flour,  Self  Ris- 
ing.    (Bather  extravagant  claims  and  too  large 
an  amount  of  baking  powder.) 
Duluth    Superior    Milling    Company,    Superior,    Wis- 
consin. 
*  Duluth  Imperial  Patent  Flour. 

Ekenberg  Company,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Teco  Brand  Self-Rising  Mixture  of  Buckwheat, 
Wheat  and  Corn  Flour  with  Malted  Butter- 
milk. (Large  amount  of  baking  powder  pres- 
ent. Claims  of  superiority  and  value  of  malted 
buttermilk  present  questionable.) 
(N)  Teco  Brand  Self -Rising  Pancake  Flour,  a  mix- 
ture of  Malted  Buttermilk  (powdered)  with 
wheat  and  corn  flour.     (Large  amount  of  hah- 


CEREALS  AND  CEREAL  PRODUCTS  83 

ing  powder  present.  Amount  of  malted  iutter- 
milk  smMl.) 
(N)  Teco  Brand  Buttermilk  Boston  Brown  Bread 
Flour.  {Amount  of  taking  powder  present 
rather  large.  Claims  as  to  amount  of  "butter- 
milk present  dubious,) 

Farwell  and  Rhines,  Watertown,  N.  T. 

i^  Pure  Wheat  Product — Creseo  Flour. 

-k  Pure  Wheat  Product — Gluten  Flour. 
Forest  Home  Farm,  Purcellvillej  Va. 

*  Forest  Home  Corn  Meal. 
Franklin  Mills  Company,  Batavia,  N.  Y. 

*  Franklin  Mills  Flour.    A  fine  flour,  of  the  entire 

wheat  with  a  part  of  the  bran  removed.  {Not 
a  true  graham — a  typical  commercial  ^^  entire 
wheat"  truthfully  labeled,) 

Greenhut-Siegel  Cooper  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Fountain  Brand  Whole  Wheat  Flour.     {A  little 

of  coarser  bran  removed  as  indicated  by  a 
rather  low  ash  content;  nitrogen  good — a  high 
grade  wheat.) 

*  Fountain  Brand  Patent  Flour. 

Hecker  Cereal  Company,  New  York  City. 

*  Hecker 's  Pure  White  Wheat  Graham  Flour.     {Ash 

content  {mineral  ingredient Sy  due  to  bran) 
good,  but  nitrogen  rather  low.) 


84  1001    TESTS 


Hccker- Jones- Jewell,  Milling  Company. 

(N)  Superlative  Self-Raising  Flour  Compound. 
(Slightly  short  weight;  amount  of  haking  pow- 
der rather  high,  though  less  than  any  other 
self -raising  flour  examined.  A  good  flour  of  its 
kind,) 

Igleheart  Brothers,  Evansville,  Indiana. 

(N)  Swans  Down  Prepared  Cake  Flour.  (A  white 
flour  low  in  nitrogen  and  gluten  and  so  better 
adapted  to  cake  making  than  bread  making. 
Claims  regarding  special  secret  process  and 
*^best  ingredients  of  the  wheaf  not  war- 
ranted.) 

*  Swans  Down  Cracked  Wheat. 

Jireh  Diabetic  Food  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Jireh  Flour. 

(D)  Jireh   Diatetic   Patent    Barley.     (Claim   special 
value  for  diabetics;  60  per  cent,  and  67  per 
cent,  of  starch  respectively  present;  mislead- 
ing and  might  be  dangerous.) 
Johnson  Educator  Food  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Educator  Packed  Whole  Wheat  Flour.     (Nitro- 

gen  and  ash  figures  are  just  within  minimum 
limits  for  a  true  whole  wheat.  Either  a  Uttle 
bran  removed  or  the  wheat  was  not  so  '^high 
grade' ^  as  claimed.) 

*  Educator  Packed  Cold  Ground  New  Process  Rye 

Meal.  (A  good  product  but  slightly  short 
weight.) 


CEREALS  AND  CEREAL  PRODUCTS  85 

Knox-Crutchfield,  Richmond,  Va. 

*  Pamunkey  Mills  Old  Virginia  Cornmeal. 

Northern  Light  Milling  Company,  Owatomna,  Min- 
nesota. 
(N)  Northern  Light  Brand  Compound  Self-rising  Buck- 
wheat Flour  and  Wheat  Flour.  {Large  amount 
of  phosphate  talcing  powder.  Product  said  to 
he  '^The  best  ever  used  or  money  refunded,'') 

Northwestern  ConsolidatecJ  Milling  Company,  Min- 
neapolis, Minn. 
(N)  Ceresota  Flour.  (A  good  patent  flour,  but  claims 
that  it  makes  more  bread  to  the  barrel  and  is 
more  nutritious  than  other  patent  flours,  in- 
accurate.) 

Pillsbury  Flour  Mills  Company,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

•  PiUsbury's  Flour  Best  XXXX. 

Purina  Mills,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

"At  Purina  Whole  Wheat  Flour.  {A  commercial,  so^ 
called  ^'entire  wheat"  from  which  the  bran  has 
been  partially  removed,  as  stated  on  label. 
Not  a  true  graham.  A  medium  flour  between 
the  patent  and  the  true  ''whole  wheat/') 

Roman  Meal  Company,  Tacoma,  U.  S.  A. 

(D)  Roman  Meal.  (Product  consists  largely  of  bran, 
some  ground  wheat,  and  probably  rye  and  a 
small  quantity  of  flaxseed;  Claims — to  ''cure 
constipation"  and  "is  the  most  nourishing  food 
sold"  as  wM;  to  contain  "Flaxose,  a  secret 


86  1001    TESTS 


preparation  hy  which  pure  ground  flax  is 
partly  digested  and  deprived  entirely  of  its 
disagreeable  odor  and  taste/'  etc.  Claims  ex- 
travagant, though  product  is  nutritious  and 
would  tend  to  prevent  constipation.) 

Russell-Miller  Company,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

(N)  Occident  Flour.  {A  first-class  patent  flour  hut 
does  not  make  ^^a  better  Iread  than  that  from 
any  other  flour''  as  claimed.) 

Potter  and  Wrightington,  Boston,  Mass. 

(D)  Old  Grist  Mill  Brand  Flour,  for  health  bread. 
{Exaggerated  claims:  Not  a  remedy  for  dys- 
pepsia; apoplexy,  Bright 's  disease,  etc.,  not 
due  to  white  bread;  contains  but  little  more 
nourishment  than  the  best  patent.  Lacking  in 
the  bran  necessary  to  substa^itiate  claims  that 
it  is  a  remedy  for  constipation.  Considerable 
insect  infection  of  sample  examined.) 

Sands,  Taylor  and  Wood  Company,  Minnesota. 

(N)  King  Arthur  Flour.  {Sample  examined  was  a 
first-class  patent  flour.  Misleadingly  branded, 
as  this  company  are  Boston  jobbers  and  prod- 
uct appears  to  be  manufactured  by  them  in 
Minnesota. ) 
Shane  Brothers  and  Wilson  Company. 

*  Golden  Touch  King  Midas  Flour.  {Meaningless 
claim  ^^The  highest  price  flour  in  America  and 


CEREALS  AND  CEREAL  PRODUCTS  87 

worth  all  it  costs/'    Has  no  advantage  over 
other  standard  patents.) 
Siegel-Cooper  Company,  N.  Y. 

*  Fountain  Graham  Flour. 
Southwestern  Milling  Company,  The, 

*  Aristos  (flour). 

Washburn-Crosby  Company,  Minneapolis^  Minn. 

*  Gold  Medal  Flour. 


RICE 

The  great  point  of  interest  in  regard  to  rice  is 
whether  or  not  it  is  coated  with  talc  or  glucose 
which  under  the  law  is  a  practice  that  must  be  de- 
clared on  the  label,  as  the  coating  may  conceal  in- 
feriority, and  the  housekeeper  should  be  warned 
to  wash  such  a  rice  thoroughly. 

Eice  may  be  white,  having  lost  the  outer  brown- 
ish skin,  and  yet  be  uncontaminated  with  glucose 
and  talc,  and  truthfully  labeled  as  ^^uncoated,''  but 
should  not  be  called  ^'unpolished,"  as  it  is  not  the 
whole  rice,  the  outer  brown  coat  containing  ad- 
ditional protein  and  mineral  having  been  removed 
in  the  mechanical  polishing  process.  It  is  claimed 
that  beriberi,  a  very  dangerous  disease,  is  pro- 
duced when  white  rice  forms  practically  the  whole 
of  the  diet,  as  it  does  in  the  Far  East.  While  there 
is  no  reason  to  fear  this  where  rice  forms  only  a 
part  of  the  diet  and  the  necessary  minerals  and 
proteins  are  obtained  from  other  sources,  it  shows 
that  important  food  elements  are  lost  in  peeling 
the  rice  and  that  this  practice  tends  further  to 
*'demineralize"  the  food  supply. 

88 


CEREALS    AND    CEREAL   PRODUCTS     89 


TESTED  RICES 

Fischer,  B.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  T. 

*  Hotel  Astor  Rice — Invalid's  Pood.  Uncoated. 
{Not  a  whole  rice  hut  a  good  uncoated  product, 
correctly  labeled^  mineral  ingredients  0.37  per 
cent.) 

Carque,  Otto,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

'k  Carque 's  Natural  Whole  Rice.  {A  true  hrown 
whole  rice,  1.25  per  cent,  of  mineral  ingred- 
ients.) 

Kimball  and  Marxsen  Rice  Products  Company,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 
(N)  White  Swan  Milk  Rice,  Granulated.  (Some  milh 
present  but  claims  *'In  food  value  ranks  higher 
than  any  other  cereal/'  '^A  perfect  food  for 
children  and  for  the  sick  and  convalescent,  for 
which  it  has  no  equal;''  ^'accepted  when  all 
other  foods  are  rejected,"  etc.,  not  warranted.) 

Leggett,  Francis  H.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
i^  Natural  Brown  Rice.     (A  true  whole  rice,  1.03  per^ 
cent,  of  mineral  ingredients.) 

McFadden-Wiess-Kyle  Rice  Milling  Company,  Beau- 
mont, Texas. 
(D)  Apex  Brand,  Unpolished.     (An  ^'uncoated"  rice 
hut  claims  made  as  to  food  value  and  great 
amount  of  nitrogen  not  warranted.    Not  an 


90  1001    TESTS 


^^unpeeled''  rice;  it  is  polished,  containing  only 
0.4  per  cent,  of  mineral  ingredients.) 

Seaboard  Rice  Milling  Company,  Galveston,  Texas. 

*  Natural  Brown  Comet  Brand  Rice.  (A  true  un- 
polished rice  containing  a  few  grains,  not  of 
the  best  quality.  Extravagant  claims  formerly 
made  with  misleading  statements  as  to  rice  6e- 
in^  ^Hhe  most  nutritious  and  easily  digested  of 
all  cereals/'  etc.,  have  been  corrected.) 

lAr  Rice,  Comet  Brand  Unkoted.  {A  polished  rice, 
not  coated.  Excessive  claims  formerly  made  as 
to  its  being  richest  in  elements  of  food  value, 
^^ nothing  added,  nothing  taJten  away,''  ^^most 
nutritious  and  easily  digested  of  all  cereals, 
etc.,"  have  been  withdrawn.  Saving  been  pol- 
ished the  outer  coating  had  been  taken  away,  as 
shown  by  the  content  of  mineral  ingredients, 
which  was  only  0.43  per  cent.,  whereas  the 
brown  rice  of  the  same  brand  contained  1.22 
per  cent,  of  ash.  Two  typical  products  now 
intelligently  labeled.) 


SPAGHETTI  AND  MACARONI 

The  wheat  products  made  from  the  partially 
bolted  and  finely  ground  flour  of  hard  glutinous 
wheat,  and  molded  into  various  shapes,  whether 
tubular,  flat  or  cylindrical,  are  known  as  macaroni 
and  spaghetti  accordingly  as  they  are  of  the  larger 
or  smaller  variety.  These  products  are  excellent 
from  the  viewpoint  of  nutrition,  palatability  and 
economy.  In  some  cases  the  ash  (mineral  ingredi- 
ents) and  nitrogen  content  indicate  that  a  very 
large  portion  of  the  wheat  grain  has  been  utilized. 
For  health  purposes  it  would  be  advisable,  if  tech- 
nically possible,  to  make  macaroni  out  of  the  whole 
wheat  When  combined  with  tomato  and  cheese 
the  dish  is  not  only  more  palatable,  but  the  amount 
of  nourishment  is  increased  and  we  have  a  better 
balanced  ration.  While  the  macaroni  contains 
considerable  protein,  it  is  largely  a  starchy  food 
and  the  cheese  rounds  out  the  ration  adding  more 
protein  and  fat,  while  the  tomato  gives  flavor  and 
vegetable  acids.  There  is  a  rumor  going  about 
that  one  should  never  combine  acids  with  starchy 
food.  This  is  based  on  the  fact  that  the  digestion 
of  starch  begins  in  the  mouth  by  the  action  of  the 
saliva  but  is  checked  by  the  presence  of  the  acid. 

91 


92  1001    TESTS 


While  this  is  theoretically  true,  the  extent  to  which 
starch  digestion  is  suspended  in  the  stomach  is 
well  known.  The  work  of  the  saliva  begins  again 
in  the  small  intestine  activated  by  the  pancreatic 
secretion. 

In  some  cases,  eggs  are  incorporated  with  the 
wheat  flour,  which  further  increases  the  nutritive 
value  of  this  food.  The  lecithin  of  the  egg  is 
especially  important.  Efforts  to  sell  lecithin 
products  in  artificial  preparations  and  as  tonics 
are  of  dubious  efficacy  and  the  public  will  do  much 
better  to  depend  upon  eggs,  whole  wheat  and  nuts 
for  their  lecithin.  Unfortunately  some  manufac- 
turers simulate  the  presence  of  egg  by  artificial 
color.  This  practice  is  wholly  disreputable,  and 
the  misleading  use  of  the  word  ^* egg''  in  the  brand 
or  name  of  the  product  cannot  be  ethically  coun- 
terbalanced by  the  statement  that  there  is  no  egg 
present.  The  claim  that  egg  is  used  is  substanti- 
ated by  determining  the  notable  increase  in  the 
lecithin  components  of  the  product.  The  con- 
sumption of  macaronis  might  well  be  increased 
with  advantage  to  the  consumer  from  the  point  of 
view  of  both  nutrition  and  economy. 


CEREALS    AND    CEREAL   PRODUCTS     93 

TESTED  SPAGHETTI  AND  MACARONI 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Cleveland  Macaroni  Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

(D)  Golden  Egg  Alphabets,  contain  no  egg.  (Mis- 
branded,  not  permissible  to  misname  a  product 
and  make  subsequent  correction,) 

(N)  Golden  Egg  Brand  Macaroni.  Contain  no  egg, 
(Brand  name  slightly  misleading.  Composi- 
tion good — extravagant  claims  as  to  supe- 
riority,) 

Foulds  Milling  Company,  Cincinnati  and  Chicago. 
ir  Fould's  Macaroni. 

*  Fould's  Spaghetti. 

Freihofer's  Vienna  Baking  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
^  Freihofer's  Egg  Macaroni.     {Egg  present  in  small 
amount.) 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

*  Spaghetti — L'ltalienne.     (Canned,    with    tomato 

sauce,  ready  for  eating;  contains  82  per  cent,  of 
moisture,) 

Jireh  Diabetic  Food  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

"A"  Macaroni.     (A  good  macaroni  but  has  58%   of 
starch,  not  for  diabetics,  tvo  special  claim  mad^ 


94  1001    TESTS 


in  this  regard,  though  the  name  of  the  com- 
pany might  be  misleading.) 

Maull  Brothers,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

*  Faust  Brand  Spaghetti. 

Mueller,  C.  F.  Company,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

*  Spaghetti. 

Van  Camp  Packing  Company,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 
i^  Spaghetti — Italian  Style.     {A  canned  spaghetti, 
contains  76  per  cent,  of  moisture.) 

Woodcock  Macaroni  Company,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Woodcock  Macaroni.    {Excessive  claims  as  to  spe- 
cial food  value  etc.;  is  a  very  good  product 
containing  slightly  more   mineral  ingredients 
than  is  usual.) 

Yours  Truly  Company,  Distributors,  Chicago,  HI. 
-A-  Yours  Truly  Macaroni  Short  Cuts. 

*  Yours  Truly  Spaghetti. 


vn 

CONDIMENTS 

THE  spices  are  examined  to  determine  whether 
they  come  up  to  the  established  standards, 
are  true  to  name,  free  from  starch,  hulls  or  other 
neutral  adulterants  which  detract  from  the  flavor, 
and  are  full  weight.  Considerable  trouble  is  ex- 
perienced on  the  latter  score,  especially  on  small 
packages,  due  in  some  cases  it  is  said  to  the  dry- 
ing out  of  the  mixture,  and  it  is  held  that  this 
should  be  allowed  for.  The  loss  of  weight,  how- 
ever, should  not  always  fall  upon  the  consumer, 
even  small  weight  packages  should  average  the 
weight  declared  on  the  container,  some  packages 
running  above  and  some  below  the  required 
amounts.  Of  the  compounded  condiments,  tomato 
catsup  is  probably  of  the  most  general  interest  and 
has  been  the  product  most  adulterated.  The  use 
of  benzoate  of  soda  in  these  catsups  has  been 
fiercely  contested,  but  has  been  abandoned  by  prac- 
tically all  well  known  manufacturers,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Curtice  Brothers.  It  has  been 
proved  that  if  clean,  fresh,  raw  material  is  used 

9$ 


96  1001    TESTS 


and  handled  quickly  in  a  sanitary  way  with  com- 
plete sterilization  there  is  no  danger  of  spoilage 
and  no  need  of  an  injurious  chemical  preservative. 
The  chemically  preserved  products  are  also  of 
lower  quality  because  they  can  be  made  to  keep 
with  less  concentration  and  when  you  buy  a  benzo- 
ated  catsup  you  usually  buy  more  water.  The 
benzoated  samples  examined  contained  from  14  to 
21  per  cent,  of  solids  while  some  of  the  leading 
brands  depending  on  sterilization  and  concentra- 
tion only  ran  as  high  as  33  to  38  per  cent.  Watch 
the  label  and  see  if  benzoate  of  soda  is  declared. 

The  prepared  salad  dressings  vary  greatly  in 
character.  None  of  them  compares  in  quality  with 
a  home-made  mayonnaise.  They  are  often  thick- 
ened with  starch  or  gum  and  artificially  colored 
with  turmeric  or  a  coal  tar  dye  to  make  up  for  the 
egg  that  is  not  there.  Frequently  no  oil  or  ^gg 
at  all  is  to  be  found.  The  two  samples  admitted  to 
the  star  list  contained  egg  and  35  and  50  per  cent. 
of  oil,  were  not  artificially  colored,  and  did  not 
depend  upon  gum  and  starch  for  their  thickening. 
They  are  probably  as  good  products  of  the  kind  as 
are  to  be  found.  A  salad  dressing  containing 
neither  oil  nor  egg  is  not  considered  worthy  of  the 
name,  though  it  may  not  be  injurious. 

The  vinegars  reported  were  tested  carefiilly,  to 


CONDIMENTS  97 

determine  whether  or  not  they  were  true  to  name 
and  had  the  amount  of  acetic  acid  required  by  the 
standard.  While  the  fermented  vinegars  made 
from  cider,  apples,  wine  or  grapes  are  of  the 
choicest  quality,  having  a  finer  flavor,  the  malt, 
sugar  and  glucose  products  or  the  distilled  vine- 
gars made  from  grains,  if  they  are  properly 
labeled  and  honestly  sold,  have  legitimate  uses. 
The  housekeeper  has  a  right  to  vinegar  of  a  certain 
established  strength.  She  can  add  water  herself 
if  the  product  is  too  acid.  There  is  no  reason  why 
she  should  pay  the  manufacturer  for  water.  A 
diluted  acetic  acid  is  not  vinegar  any  more  than 
diluted  alcohol  is  wine.  The  original  material 
from  which  the  vinegar  is  fermented  is  what  gives 
it  its  distinctive  flavor  and  delicacy.  There  is  no 
reason  why  the  cheaper  vinegars,  such  as  spirit, 
distilled  or  grain  vinegar,  should  not  be  used  for 
pickling  and  in  mixtures,  if  they  are  properly 
labeled  and  sold  for  a  lower  price.  The  artificial 
coloring  of  colorless  vinegars,  such  as  the  spirit 
and  glucose  products,  to  give  them  the  appearance 
of  the  cider  and  wine  vinegars,  is  of  course  fraud- 
ulent. The  housekeeper  can  do  much  to  protect 
herself  by  carefully  reading  the  labels  and  by  not 
buying  a  product  that  is  evasively  branded  or 
which  declares  artificial  color. 


98  1001    TESTS 


TESTED  CONDIMENTS 

(Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {'S)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Austin-Nichols  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Sunbeam  Pure  Food  Tomato  Catsup.     {No  hen- 

zoate,  no  artificial  coloring  and  contains  30  per 
cent,  of  solids.) 

Beech-Nut  Packing  Company,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 
^  Oscar's  Sauce. 

*  Tomato  Catsup.     (25  per  cent,  of  solids.) 
Bell,  Wm.  G.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

'k  Poultry  Seasoning. 

Colbum,  The  A.,  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Allspice. 

*  Celery  Salt. 
it  Cinnamon. 

ic  Cloves.     (Above  minimum  standard.) 
if:  Curry  Powder. 

*  Ginger. 

*  Leaf  Peppermint  Cooking  Herbs. 
it  Leaf  Savory. 

ic  Leaf  Sweet  Basil. 

*  Leaf  Thyme. 
it  Mace. 

*  Madras  Turmeric. 

*  Mustard. 


CONDIMENTS  99 

i*r  Nutmeg.     (Aiove  minimum  standard,) 

^  Paprika. 

i*r  Pepper,  Black,  Natuna  Brand.     (Was  aboui  4  per 

cent,  above  minimum  standard,) 
it  Pepper,  Red. 
lAr  Pepper,  White.     (Was  about  4  per  cent,  abov^ 

minimum  standard,) 
ii^  Onion  Salt. 
i(  Pastry  Spice. 

*  Sage,  Rubbed. 

*  Spiced  Poultry  Seasoning. 
'k  Sweet  Marjoram. 

{A  good  line  of  spices  complying  with  the 
standards.  Some  are  slightly  above  the  mini- 
mum standard  but  the  following  extravagant 
claims  can  not  be  approved:  ^'The  standard 
goods  of  America,  guaranteed  of  the  finest  qual- 
ity,  absolutely  pure,  and  far  superior  to  the 
standard  required  by  law,"  This  criticism 
applies  only  to  large  packages;  small  cartons  are 
conservatively  labeled,) 

Colman,  J.  and  J.,  London, 

*  Mustard. 

Cresca  Company. 

*  Vinegar,  Pinard  Brand,  Packed  in  France,  Pure 

Grape  Salad,  Estragon  Flavor. 


100  1001    TESTS 


Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London. 

^  Currie  Powder,  Genuine  India — ^Pure  Currie  Pow- 
der. 

*  Malt  Vinegar,  Pure. 

*  Malt  Vinegar  Flavored  with  Tarragon. 
Curtice  Brothers  Company,  Rochester,  N.  T. 

(D)  Tomato  Ketchup.  {Preserved  with  sodium  hen- 
zoate  and  thin  as  compared  with  first  class  cat- 
sups; only  19  per  cent,  solids.) 

Diamond  Crystal  Salt  Company,  St.  Clair,  Michigan. 

*  Shaker  Tahle  Salt  with  1  per  cent,  carbonate  of 

magnesia. 
Durkee  and  Company,  E.  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Salad  Dressing  and  Meat  Sauce.     (Good  quality 

for  a  commercial  salad  dressing  containing  egg 
and  oil;  not  a  '^rich  mayonnaise''  as  claimed.) 

Fischer,  B.,  and  Company,  New  York. 

*  Allspice,  Strictly  Pure. 

*  Pepper,  White. 

*  Sage,  Strictly  Pure. 
Frear,  Fred,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(D)  My  Wife's  Salad  Dressing.  (Colored  with  a  per- 
mitted coal  tar  dye;  only  8  per  cent,  of  oil 
present  and  no  egg  determinable;  harmless  but 
not  a  true  salad  dressing.) 

Gaidry,  Ix)well  R.,  New  Orleans. 

*  Tabasco  Pepper  Sauce.     (A  good  product;  at  first 

over-burdened  with  impossible  claims  as  to  di- 


CONDIMENTS  101 

gestive   and  medicinal   value;  statements   en- 
tirely revised,) 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

*  Chili  Sauce. 

ir  Tomato  Ketchup.     (33  per  cent,  total  solids.) 
"At  Cider  Vinegar,  Pure  Fermented. 

*  Malt  Vinegar,  Pure  Fermented. 

Holbrook    and    Company,    London,    Manchester    and 
Birmingham. 
(N)  Worcestershire  Sauce.     {Good  quality  but  m^kes 
extravagant  claims  as  to  superiority  and  use- 
fulness,) 

Howard,  J.  F.,  Haverhill,  Mass. 

*  Salad  Dressing.     (Good  quality,  containing  50  per 

cent,  of  oil,  egg,  and  no  artificial  coloring;  sam- 
ple examined  slightly  short  weight,) 

Koenig  and  Schuster,  New  York,  N.  T. 

*  Tomato  Catsup,  Princess  Brand.     (34.5  per  cent. 

of  total  solids,) 

Lea  and  Perrins,  Worcester,  England. 

*  Worcestershire  Sauce. 

Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby,  Chicago,  HI. 

*  Chili  Sauce,  Pure. 

*  Tomato  Catsup,  Pure.     (38.6  per  cent,  of  solids.) 

Mcllhenny,  E.,  New  Iberia,  Louisiana. 

(D)  Tabasco  Pepper  Sauce.     {Good  quality,  hut  ab- 
surd claims  as  to  its  being  a  preventative  for 


102  1001    TESTS 


dyspepsia,  relieving  headache,  neuralgia  and 

rheumatism,  hygienic  and  economic  claims,  etc.) 

McMechen  Preserving  Company,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

(D)  Prepared  Mustard.    {Colored  with  turmeric,  very 

low  in  total  solids  (12  per  cent,).    Proportions 

of  mixture  given  on  label  could  not  be  present.) 

Marzahl,  W.,  171  Spring  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

iK  Cider  Vinegar,  Pure. 
Mohawk  Valley  Cider  Company,  73-75  Huron  Street, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
'A'  Vinegar,  Pure  Cider. 

(N)  Vinegar,    Pure    White.     (See     Wayn0    County 
White  Vinegar.) 
Morehouse  Mills,  Chicago  and  Los  Angeles. 

(N)  Horseradish-Mustard,  Cream  Brand,  Prepared. 
{Contains  turmeric  and  but  little  horseradish.) 
(D)  Mustard,  Mrs.  Morehouse's  Cream  Brand,  Pre- 
pared. {Contains  turmeric  and  gum.) 
(D)  Salad  Dressing,  Mrs.  Morehouse's  Cream  Brand. 
{No  oil  or  egg  found;  contains  turmeric,  gum 
and  flavoring.) 

National  Onion  Salt  Company. 

*  Onion  Salt. 
New  England  Maple  Syrup  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
(D)  Mustard,  Golden  Tree.     {Price  low,  the  turmeric 
and  starch  present  low^r  the  quality,  though 
they  are  declared  on  label;  not  a  standard 
^^prepared  mustard.") 


CONDIMENTS  103 

Olney,  Burt,  Canning  Company,  Oneida,  N.  Y. 
"A:  Ketchup.     (21  per  cent,  of  total  solids,) 

Palisade  Manufacturing  Company,  West  Hoboken, 
N.  Y. 
^  Tournade's  Kitchen  Bouquet.  {A  mixture  of 
vegetable  and  meat  extracts  with  flavoring  prin- 
ciples;  no  preservatives;  probably/  colored  with 
caramel  (burnt  sugar);  harmless  and  conven- 
ient, but  not  ^'indispensable'^  as  formerly 
claimed,) 

Pritchard,  E.,  331  Spring  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  and 
Bridgeton,  N.  J. 
(D)  Tomato  Catsup,  Pride  of  the  Farm.  {Contained 
0.17  per  cent,  of  benzoate  of  soda;  only  one- 
tenth  of  one  per  cent,  declared  on  the  label. 
Had  21  per  cent,  of  total  solids.) 

Rabb,  Charles,  Inc.,  237-239  W.  60th  St.,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 
(D)  Tomato  Catsup,  Blue  Ribbon.  {Contained  over 
two-tenths  per  cent,  of  benzoate  and  is  very  low 
in  solid  material,  in  common  with  most  low 
grade  products;  14.5  per  cent,  of  solids,) 

Ritter  Conserve  Company,  P.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(N)  Tomato  Catsup,  Pure,  Whole.  {No  preservative 
or  artificial  color.  Two  of  five  samples  were 
very  low  in  total  solids,  the  other  three  being 
satisfactory.  Shows  two  grades  of  stock  still 
on  nmrket.) 


104  1001    TESTS 


"At  Tomato  Catsup  with  Tabasco,  Whole,  Pure.  (25 
per  cent,  of  total  solids,) 

Sladc,  D.  and  L.,  Company,  Boston,  Masa. 

*  Cayenne,  Absolutely  Pure. 

*  Cinnamon,  Absolutely  Pure. 
"Ar  Cloves,  Absolutely  Pure. 

*  Celery  Salt,  Absolutely  Pure. 
-k  Curry  Powder,  East  India. 

*  Ginger,  Absolutely  Pure. 

(N)  Mace,  Absolutely  Pure.  {Some  question  as  to 
the  species  of  mace  used;  possibility  of  admix- 
ture of  Bombay  or  other  wild  mace.  Evidence 
not  conclusive,) 

ir  Nutmeg,  Absolutely  Pure. 

ir  Paprika,  Absolutely  Pure. 

*  Pepper,  Absolutely  Pure. 

*  Pepper,  Absolutely  Pure,  White. 

*  Pimento,  Absolutely  Pure. 
it  Sage,  Absolutely  Pure. 

(N)  Salad  Cream,  Absolutely  Pure,  Healthful.  {No 
oil,  but  butter  is  used,  a  little  egg,  sugar,  wheat 
starch,  and  spices,  etc,  as  stated  on  the  label,) 

iic  Savory,  Absolutely  Pure. 

it  Spice,  Absolutely  Pure  Pickling,  Whole  Mixed 
Spice. 

*  Thyme,   Absolutely   Pure.     ('^Absolutely   pure^' 

claim   objectionable    as   always;    tendency    to 


CONDIMENTS  105 

slight  short  weight  on  some  small  packages. 
Quality  very  good,) 

Snider,  T.  A.,  Preserves  Company,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
i*r  Chili  Sauce. 

*  Tomato  Catsup.     (23  per  cent,  of  solids.) 
Stickney  and  Poor  Spice  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Cloves,  Absolutely  Pure.     {Claim  objectionable.) 
ir  Mustard,  Extra  Fine. 

Tildesley  and  Company,  Chicago,  His. 

(N)  Yacht  Club  Salad  Dressing.  {A  small  amount  of 
oil  and  some  egg;  colored  only  with  turmeric; 
good  but  hardly  of  star  quality,) 

Wayne  County  Produce  Company,  Greenpoint,  L.  I., 
N.  Y. 

*  Cider  Vinegar. 

(N)  Spirit  Vinegar,  Pure  White.  {A  good  grain 
vinegar,  true  to  type  and  properly  labeled. 
This  type  is  not  a  true  aromatic  vinegar  at  all 
and  is  inferior  in  quality  and  flavor  to  the  wine 
and  cider  products.) 

Worcester  Salt  Company,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

*  Ivory  Shaker  Salt. 

Yours  Truly  Company,  The,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
i^  Ground  Paprika. 
-k  Ground  Pepper. 
(D)  Salad  Dressing.     {No  oil  present.    Depends  on 


106  1001    TESTS 


turmeric  for  color  and  gum  for  thickening;  not 
permissible  mixture  for  a  salad  dressing.) 

*  Spices,  Whole  Mixed. 

*  Tomato  Catsup. 


VIII 
DESSEETS 

READY-TO-USE  desserts  like  most  time- 
saving  foods  give  you  only  fair  quality  at 
a  relatively  large  price.  It  is  not  claimed  that 
they  are  injurious  but  it  is  not  considered  that  they 
are  either  high  grade  food  products  or  econom- 
ical. The  Jello,  Nesnah  and  Tryphosa  desserts 
are  probably  the  best  of  their  kind,  but  consist 
mostly  of  sugar  (about  85-90  per  cent.),  with  a 
little  gelatin,  flavoring,  and  coloring  matter,  for 
which  extravagant  excellencies  and  great  original- 
ity are  claimed.  As  sugar  is  only  five  cents  a 
pound,  you  can  see  that  they  are  not  an  economical 
buy  for  the  housewife  unless  her  time  is  extremely 
valuable.  Twenty  cents  a  pound  for  sugar  adds 
an  item  to  the  high  cost  of  living!  Gelatin  des- 
serts, freshly  made,  uncolored  and  flavored  with 
fresh  fruit  juices  must  of  necessity  be  superior 
in  quality. 

The  straight  gelatins  themselves  present  a 
fundamental  difficulty  in  that  the  line  is  too  often 
not  carefully  drawn  between  glue  quality  saxd  ed- 

107 


108  1001    TESTS 


ible  gelatin  quality.  Both  are  made  from  hides, 
bones,  and  horn  pith,  and  it  is  the  condition 
of  the  raw  material  and  the  treatment  and  tem- 
perature that  differentiate  the  two.  A  high 
class  glue  and  a  low  class  gelatin  are  practically 
the  same  product.  Only  sanitary  inspection 
could  determine  this  point  absolutely  and  it  is 
for  this  reason  that  the  highest  rating  has  not 
been  given  to  gelatins.  The  tests  made,  how- 
ever, insure  you  that  the  finished  products  are 
harmless  and  of  good  quality.  Another  diffi- 
culty is  the  fact  that  many  gelatin  dealers  buy 
up  their  gelatin  from  different  sources  and 
their  output  may  vary  in  excellence.  These  are 
some  of  the  fundamental  difficulties  in  attempting 
to  classify  gelatins  as  to  purity.  We  can  only  ad- 
vise in  general  that  those  examined  gave  no  odor 
on  standing,  had  the  proper  degree  of  solubility 
and  contained  only  minute  traces,  if  any,  of  sul- 
phur dioxide.  No  dangers  are  to  be  feared  from 
eating  these  products  but  constant  inspection  alone 
can  insure  that  sanitary  raw  material  is  used 
and  the  proper  care  taken  during  the  process  of 
manufacture. 


DESSERTS  109 


TESTED  DESSEETS 

(Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Baker,  Franklin,  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Baker's  Premium  Shred  Coeoanut.     {Label  states 

^'Prepared  with  sugar/'  contains  about  24  per 
cent.) 

Chalmers,  James,  Sons,  Williamsville,  N.  T. 

*  Transparent  Shredded  Gelatin. 
Ceylon  Spice  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(D)  Instantaneous  Tapioca.  (Absurd  claims  as  to  be- 
ing  a  ^'food  for  babies/'  ^^preventing  prickly 
heat/'  etc.  Product  is  good,  though  '^ instan- 
taneous" claims  are  also  overdrawn,) 

Colbnrn,  The  A.,  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(N)  New  Process  Hasty  Tapioca.  (A  good  product 
with  such  meaningless  extravagant  claims  a^ 
*'The  sta/ndard  goods  of  America/'  ^'Abso- 
lutely Pure/'  ^'Superior  to  the  standard  re- 
quired  by  law.") 

Cox,  J.  and  G.,  Georgia  Mills,  Edinborough,  Scotland. 

*  Gelatin. 

Crystal  Gelatin  Company,  Boston,  Maew. 
i^  Boston  Crystal  Gelatin. 

Diamond  Gelatin  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Diamond   Delioo,   The   Double   Dessert — Straw- 


110  1001    TESTS 


berry  and  Orange;  Mint-Lemon;  Coffee  and 
Cherry.  (Colored  with  cudbear  and  other 
vegetable  dyes,  harmless  but  poor  quality  and 
the  little  flavor  present  is  completely  lost  on  ex- 
posure to  air.) 

Genesee  Pure  Food  Company,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Jello  Lemon.  (About  85  per  cent,  sugar;  and  ar- 
tificially colored  with  a  harmless  vegetable  dye. 
Not  injurious  but  not  '^America's  most  famous 
dessert.' '  Fruit  flavors  used  mostly.  Good 
of  its  kind  but  not  of  star  quality.) 

Hansen's  Laboratory,  Charles,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 

*  Junket  tablets. 

(N)  Nesnah  Desserts — Chocolate,  Lemon,  Imitation 
Raspberry.  (86  per  cent,  to  96  per  cent, 
sugar,  gelatin  and  trace  of  permitted  coal  tar 
dye  in  two  cases;  not  injurious  but  not  high 
quality;  exaggerated  claims.) 
Heinz,  H.  J.,  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

*  Gold  Medal  Mince  Meat. 
-A-  Heinz  Plum  Pudding. 

Hipolite  Company,  The,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

(D)  Hipolite  Snow-Mellow.  (Essentially  a  mixture 
of  corn  starch  and  egg  albumen.  In  no  sense  a 
substitute  for  eggs.  Harmless,  but  not  of  good 
quality.  Claim,  ^' makes  delicious  icings,  fill- 
ings, aTid  meringues  without  eggs,'^  misleading.) 


DESSERTS  111 

Knox,  ChJarlcR  B.,  Company,  Johnstown,  N.  Y.;  Mon- 
treal, Canada. 
if  Knox's  Gelatin. 

Lipton's,  New  York,  London. 

(D)  Lipton's  Gelatin  Jelly  Tablets.  (Flavors,  except 
in  the  case  of  the  vanilla  and  the  Madeira 
rather  flat.  Amaranth  and  Naphthol  Yellow  8, 
permitted  coal  tar  dyes  used  in  all  samples,) 

Merrell-Soule  Company,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

*  None  Such  Mince  Meat. 

Minute  Tapioca  Company,  Orange,  Mass. 

if  Minute  Gelatin.  (Excessive  claims  as  to  solubil- 
ity, absolute  purity,  etc.,  not  warranted.) 

*  Minute  Tapioca. 

Naltional  Starch  Company,   Com  Products   Refining 
Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Kingsford's    Oswego    Cornstarch.     (Specifically 
misleading  claim  as  to  superiority  to  arrowroot; 
a  good  corn  starch — nothing  more.) 

Ovite  Manufacturing  Company,  Orange,  N.  J. 

(D)  Ovite.  (A  mixture  of  corn  starch  and  egg  albu- 
men  with  salt  and  colored  with  annato.  Harm- 
less but  not  '^A  nutritious  product  which  dis- 
places the  whole  egg  in  cooking,^'  as  claimed.) 

(D)  White  Ovite.  (White  egg  albumen  a/nd  corn 
starch.  One  dolla/r  a  pound.  Price  excessive 
and  not  a  legitimate  substitute  for  the  white  of 
^90  *) 


112  1001    TESTS 


Plymouth  Rock  Gelatin  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
*  Plymouth  Rock  Plam,  Granulated  Gelatin. 
(D)  Plymouth  Rock  Phosphated  Granulated  Gelatin, 
A  Compound.     (Phosphoric  mid  ohjectionaile; 
does  not  increase  nutrition  as  claimed,  and  is 
not  a  satisfactory  substitute  for  lemon.) 

Rich,  E.  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Tryphosa — Lemon — Artificially  colored.  (Nearly 
90  per  cent,  sugar  and  a  permitted  coal  tar 
dye — not  injurious  hut  not  a  high  grade  prod- 
uct.) 

Whitman,  Stephen  F.,  and  Son,  Inc.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(N)  Whitman's  Maxshmallow  Whip.  (51  per  cent, 
glucose,  26  per  cent,  sugar,  balance  water,  gum 
and  vanillin.  Not  a  substitute  for  ^^  whipped 
cream"  in  quality  or  nutritive  value,  but  is 
correctly  named,  as  it  is  of  a  typical  marsh- 
mMow  composition.) 


IX 

EXTEACTS 

WTH  practically  no  exceptions  the  flavoring 
extracts  are  guilty  of  exaggerated  claims. 
Whether  the  Baker  products  are  claiming  to  be 
^'unequaled  in  strength,"  or  the  Burnett's  are 
stated  to  be  ^  ^  so  highly  concentrated  that  only  com- 
paratively little  need  be  used,"  or  the  McMonagle 
and  Eogers'  are  said  to  be  ** extra  strong,"  or  the 
Yours  Truly  Company  claims  that  their  products 
are  from  *^40  to  60  per  cent,  above  the  federal 
standard,"  one  and  all  are  drawing  a  very  long 
bow.  These  are  first-class  products,  but  they 
merely  comply  with  the  federal  standards  or  in 
some  cases  exceed  the  minimum  requirements 
somewhat.  Practically  all  of  the  vanilla  extracts 
are  said  to  be  made  from  ^  ^  the  finest  Mexican  va- 
nilla bean,"  just  as  huge  amounts  of  coffees  are 
labeled  ^' Java  and  Mocha,"  regardless  of  the  fact 
that  the  output  of  both  is  comparatively  small. 
We  have,  therefore,  partially  disregarded  these 
general  and  commonly  exaggerated  claims,  though 
by  no  means  approving  them,  in  giving  the  star 

lis 


11*  1001    TESTS 


marking  to  extracts  of  standard  quality,  for  the 
guidance  of  the  buyer. 

Flavoring  extracts  have  long  been  notable  sin- 
ners in  regard  to  short  volume.  Often  the  bottles 
are  made  of  thick  glass  and  no  particular  content 
is  claimed  but  the  bottle  which  should  hold  two 
ounces,  judging  from  size  and  price,  holds  much 
less.  Under  the  new  net  weight  law  demanding 
that  weights  and  measures  be  declared  on  all  pack- 
ages we  might  have  corrected  this  evil  had  not  the 
vicious  provision,  that  a  '^reasonable  variation" 
should  be  permitted,  or  small  packages  exempted, 
been  inserted  in  the  law.  A  deduction  has  in  all 
cases  been  made  where  the  output  of  any  manufac- 
turer showed  a  general  tendency  toward  short 
weight. 

The  question  most  often  asked  in  regard  to  ex- 
tracts is,  What  are  vanillin  and  coumarin?  When 
they  appear  on  the  label  what  does  this  mean? 
Are  such  extracts  harmful?  The  true  vanilla  ex- 
tract made  from  the  vanilla  bean  is  much  more  del- 
icate in  flavor  and  more  expensive  than  that  made 
from  the  artificial  vanillin  obtained  from  oil  of 
cloves.  Coumarin  is  a  substance  obtained  from 
the  Tonka  bean  and  is  also  a  cheaper  product  of 
inferior   flavoring    quality    used    in    imitations. 


EXTRACTS  115 

Neither  can  be  said  to  be  barmful,  but  such  a 
product  should  be  plainly  labeled  ^^ imitation"  or 
** artificial  vanillin.''  It  is  not  enough  to  label  it 
** vanilla  extract"  and  then  give  a  list  of  ingredi- 
ents which  conveys  no  meaning  to  the  average 
buyer.  The  true  vanilla  extract  is  derived  only 
from  the  vanilla  bean.  We  have  excluded  from 
the  approved  list  all  imitation  extracts,  though 
many  are  now  honestly  labeled,  as  required  by  the 
law.  We  consider  all  of  the  extracts  made  from 
artificial  ethers  in  the  laboratory,  and  nearly  al- 
ways colored  with  coal  tar  or  vegetable  dyes  to 
conceal  inferiority,  as  unworthy  of  a  place  in  an 
approved  list  of  high  grade  products.  They  are 
used  in  such  small  quantities  that  their  harmful- 
ness  cannot  be  discussed,  but  they  are  not  natural 
foods  and  in  our  estimation  could  not  be  classed 
among  high  grade  products.  The  best  makers  are 
endeavoring  to  provide  pure  fruit  extracts,  even  in 
the  case  of  strawberry,  raspberiy  and  other  flavors 
most  difficult  to  make.  Better  do  without  an  ex- 
tract than  use  an  imitation  poorly  flavored  and 
artificially  colored. 

The  new  paste  extracts  are  made  of  gum  and 
glycerin  with  appropriate  flavors.  They  are  not 
injurious,  but  the  extravagant  claims  made  as  to 


116  1001    TESTS 


superiority  to  alcoholic  extracts  cannot  be  main- 
tained. They  may  be  more  economic  for  some 
purposes  and  their  use  is  largely  a  matter  of  taste. 
Their  inferior  diffusibility  is  another  objection 
and  the  vajiilla  and  lemon  extracts  do  not  yield 
themselves  to  this  treatment  as  well  as  other  fla- 
vors, like  ginger. 

TESTED  EXTRACTS 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D) ,  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Baker  Extract  Company,  Portland,  Maiae,  and  Spring- 
field, Mass. 
^  Almond,  Pure  Extract. 
i^  Lemon,  Pure  Extract. 

*  Onion,  Pure  Extract. 

*  Orange,  Pure  Extract. 

*  Pineapple,  Pure  Extract. 

(N)  Pistachio,  Imitation  Flavor.  (A  harmless  imita- 
tion extract  properly  labeled,  compounded  of 
vanilla  extract,  almond  extract,  glycerin,  alco- 
hol and  a  permitted  coal  tar  dye.  Not  injuri- 
ous but  not  star  quality.) 

*  Raspberry,  Pure  Extract. 

*  Strawberry,  Pure  Extract. 

^  Vanilla,   Pure   Extract.     {Claim  '^unequaled  in 
strength' '  an  exaggeration.) 


EXTRACTS  117 

Burnett,  Joseph,  and  Compauiy,  Boston,  Mass. 
if  Almond. 

(N)  Banana,  Imitation  Flavor.     (A  mixture  of  amyl 
and  ethyl  acetate  in  alcohol,  correctly  labeled,) 
ik  Cherry,  Superior  Extract. 

*  Lemon,  Superior  Extract. 
-k  Orange. 

(N)  Peach,  Imitation  Flavor.  {Essentially  an  es- 
sence of  oil  of  Utter  almonds,  with  a  little 
orange  flavor;  not  a  true  peach  flavor.) 

ir  Pineapple. 

(N)  Pistachio,  Imitation  Flavor.  (A  mixture  of  al- 
mond, cinnamon  and  other  oUs.) 

^  Raspberry. 

*  Strawberry. 

*  Vanilla. 

ik  Wintergreen,  Essence  of.  (Medicinal  claim,  which 
was  criticised  as  objectionable,  has  been  with- 
drawn,) 

Christy,  Arthur  N.,  and  Company,  Newark,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Lemon  Flavor.  (A  paste  flavor  consisting  of 
gum  and  glycerin  with  too  small  an  amount  of 
oil  of  lemon  to  be  determined.  States  on  label 
that  terpeneless  oil  of  lemon  is  used  with  the 
true  oil.  The  former  is  of  very  inferior  qual- 
ity. Claims  to  be  ^^The  standard  of  excel- 
lence,^' and  is  harmless  but  of  poor  quality 
and  not  comparable  with  the  standard  alco- 
holic extracts.) 


118  1001    TESTS 


Colburn,  The  A.,  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Almond. 

*  Almond,  May  Flower  Extract,  Pure. 

*  Lemon,  May  Flower  Extract,  Pure. 

*  Orange  May  Flower  Extract,  Pure. 

*  Orange. 

*  Rose. 

*  Rose,  May  Flower  Brand,  Extract  of  Pure. 

*  Vanilla. 

{The  May  Flower  Brand  represent  standard 
goods,  no  more,  and  no  extravagant  claims 
are  made  on  the  label.    The  other  products 
are    also    of    good    standard    quality,    hut 
there  is  no  foundation  for  the  claim  that  they 
are  ^^the  standard  goods  of  America,''  and 
^^far  superior  to  the  standard  required  by 
law.'') 
Crescent  Manufacturing  Company,  Seattle,  "Wash. 
(D)  Crescent     Mapleine.     {A     harmless     substitute 
product;  consists   essentially   of   burnt   sugar 
(caramel)  and  vanillin.    Misleading  nam£,  cor- 
rected by  sublabel — '^Contains  no  maple  sugar, 
syrup  nor  sap  but  produces  a  taste  similar  to 
m^ple." 

McCormick  and  Company,  Baltimore,  Md. 

lAr  Almond,  Bee  Brand  Highest  Quality,  Absolutely 
Pure  Extract.  {Extreme  quality  claims  and 
slight  short  measure.) 


EXTRACTS  119 

*  Ginger,  Bee  Brand  Highest  Quality,  Absolutely 

Ptire  Essence. 

"A-  Lemon,  Bee  Brand  Highest  Quality,  True. 

(D)  Orange,  Bee  Brand  Highest  Quality  Extract, 
True — Colored.  {Below  standard  and  arti- 
ficially  colored.) 

(N)  Peach,  Bee  Brand  Concentrated  Flavoring,  Imi- 
tation. {Does  not  ^^ taste  like  fresh  fruit" — 
poor  quality.) 

(N)  Pineapple,  Bee  Brand  Concentrated  Flavoring, 
Imitation.     ( Same, ) 

(N)  Eose,  Bee  Brand  Concentrated  Flavoring — Col- 
ored. (Harmless  vegetable  dye  (cudbear) 
used,) 

*  Vanilla,  Bee  Brand  Highest  Quality,  True  Extract. 

(Quality    claims    exaggerated    but    products 
starred  were  standard.) 
McMonagle  and  Rogers,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 

*  Almond,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 

*  Celery,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 

'k  Cinnamon,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 

"At  Cloves,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors.     (Above  standard 

minimum  strength  but  slightly  short  measure.) 
ir  Lemon,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 
(N)  Nutmeg,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors.     (Short  meas^ 

ure  and  below  standard  strength.) 
iic  Onion,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 
lAr  Orange,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 
ifcr  Peppermint,  Premium  Fruit  Plavorsi. 


120  1001    TESTS 


it  Bose,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 

*  Vanilla,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 

ik  Wintergreen,  Premium  Fruit  Flavors. 

Pitkin,  J.  M.,  and  Company,  Newark,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Almond  Flavor. 

(N)  Ginger  Flavor. 

{Harmless  and  suitable  for  some  purposes,  but 
not  superior  to  alcoholic  extracts  as  claimed,) 

(N)  Lemon    Flavor.     (Oil    of   lemon   fortified    with 
citral.) 

(D)  Vanilla  Substitute.     {Contains  vanillin,  couma- 
rin  and  caramel  coloring,  and  it  is  claimsd 
that  it  is  superior  to  the  pure  standard  arti- 
cle,) 
Price  Flavoring  Extract  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

*  Dr.  Price 's  Delicious  Flavoring  Extract,  Vanilla. 

Sauer,  C.  P.,  Company,  Richmond,  Va. 

*  Almond. 

(N)  Banana,  Imitation  Flavor. 

*  Orange. 

(N)  Peach,  Imitation  Flavor. 
(N)  Pineapple,  Imitation  Flavor. 
(N)  Strawberry,  Imitation  Flavor. 

{Imitation   flavors   artificially   colored.    Made 
from  blended  ethers.    Correctly  labeled.) 
-k  Vanilla,  Pure  concentrated  extract.     {^^ Absolute 
purity'^  claim  objectionable;  attack  on  substi- 
tutes as  being  ^'injurious'*  not  warranted.) 


EXTRACTS  121 

Slade,  D.  and  L.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

i^  Almond,  Absolutely  Pure  Extract.     {^^ Absolutely 

pure''  ohjectionaWe  as  always,) 
i^  Lemon,  Absolutely  Pure  Extra  Strong  Extract. 
(Not  ^' extra  strong,''  just  standard.) 

*  Peppermint,  Absolutely  Pure  Family  Remedies. 
"A-  Rose,  Absolutely  Pure  Extract. 

Stickney  and  Poor  Spice  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Vanilla,  Best  U.  S.  P. 

Yours  Truly  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

*  Lemon,  Pure  Extract. 

"k  Vanilla  Extract,  Yours  Truly  Pure  Extract. 
{Good  standard  products  not  above  official 
standards  as  claimed,) 


FISH— (CANNED,  DRIED,  ETC.) 

THE  utmost  care  should  be  exercised  in  regard 
to  the  use  of  all  canned  fish,  because  when 
these  products  do  decompose  they  have  a  tendency 
more  than  almost  any  other  products,  to  develop 
poisonous  bodies  in  the  process  of  protein  degrada- 
tion. The  housewife  should  always  examine  the 
can  carefully  by  its  appearance,  smell,  and  taste 
upon  opening.  Great  care,  however,  is  exercised 
in  putting  up  fish  products  and  the  salmon  espe- 
cially may  be  mentioned  as  retaining,  to  a  marked 
degree,  the  quality  of  the  fresh  product. 

All  canned  fish  should  be  consumed  immediately 
upon  opening  and  not  be  kept  over  for  the  next 
day.  Properly  smoked  and  dried  fish  offer  a  most 
nutritious  and  economical  diet  and  are  much  more 
widely  used  abroad  than  here.  Their  use  could 
very  profitably  be  extended,  especially  in  view  of 
the  high  price  of  meat. 

TESTED  FISH  (CANNED,  DRIED,  ETC.) 

'{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicatea  a 
nonoommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;   duapproved  products 

12^ 


FISH,    (CANNED,    DRIED,    ETC.)      128 

(D) ,  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Als  Hangesund  Preserving  Company,  Hangesund. 

*  Fancy   Imported  Norway   Sardines  in   Mnstard 

Sauce — Salome  Brand.  (Not  a  trus  sardine 
(pilchard) ;  labeling  permitted  hy  official  regu- 
lations,) 

Beale  arid  Garnett  Company,  Eastport,  Maine. 

i^  Finnan  Haddie.     (Put  up  in  the  United  States;  a 
true  Finnan  Haddie  should  he  from  Scotland.) 
Beardsley,  J.  W.,  Sons,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Shredded    Codfish.     (No    horax    found;    short 
weight  and  extravagant  statement  as  to  com- 
parative nutritive  value — 1  Ih.  not  equal  to  4 
lbs,  of  fresh  fish,  as  stated,) 
Bumham  and  Morrill  Company,  Portland,  Maine. 

*  Fish  Flakes. 

California  Fish  Company,  Los  Angeles,  California. 
(N)  California  Sardines.     (True  pilchard  or  sardine 
not  found  on   California  coast,   labeling  per- 
mitted by   Government,   but  sublabel  ^'Oenu- 
ine  sardines''  objectionable.) 

Cresca  Company,  Distributors,  355  Greenwich  Street, 
New  York. 

*  Caviar  Superieure. 
Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London. 

(N)  Anchovy  Paste.     (Colored  with  an  unidentified 
reddish  dye.    Labeled  '^Artificially  colored,'') 


lU  1001    TESTS 


Davis,  Frank  E.,  Company,  Gloucester,  Mass. 

*  Deviled  Crab  Meat. 

*  Lump  Crab  Meat. 

(D)  Crab  Shells.     (Not  perfectly  cleaned.) 

*  Fish  Flake. 

*  Fish  Flake,  Codfish  and  Haddock  Corned. 

*  Kippered  Herring. 

*  Fresh  Mackerel. 

(D)  Selected  Gulf  Fresh  Shrimp.  {Quality  poor;  two 
samples  out  of  four  bad,) 

Emery  and  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(N)  Deviled  Sardines.  {Sublaheled  ^^ Atlantic  Ocean 
Sardine  Herrings/'  really  are  herrings;  not  a 
^^rnost  economical  and  nutritious  article  of 
food/'  as  claimed,) 

Gorman  and  Company,  Inc.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

(D)  Eed  Heart  Brand  Alaska   Salmon.     {Slack  fill 
and  short  weight;  a  low  grade  article,) 
Gorton  Pew  Fisheries  Company. 

*  Gorton's  Boneless  Codfish.     (19  per  cent,  of  salt.) 

Liss,  George,  and  Company,  New  York  City. 

*  Salmon,  Highwood  Brand,  Columbia  River. 
Lord  Brothers  Company,  Portland,  Maine. 

*  Extra  Quality  Pure  Codfish  Strictly  Boneless. 

McMenamin  and  Company,  Hampton,  Va. 

*  Crab  Meat. 


FISH,    (CANNED,    DRIED,   ETC.)      125 

Peabody,   Henry  W.,  San  Francisco,   California  and 

New  York. 

*  Havalan  Brand  Japanese  Crab  Meat. 

Sea  Beach  Packing  Works,  Aberdeen,  Wash. 

*  Pioneer  Minced  Sea  Clams. 

Southern  California  Fish  Company,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

*  Blue  Sea  Tuna. 

Van-Thomas  Company,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

^  Avalon  Brand  Tuna.     {Packed  in  cottonseed  and 
olive  oil  and  so  labeled,) 

Watson,    Angus,    and    Company,    Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
England. 
(N)  Skipper  Sardines  in  Tomato. 
(N)  Skipper  Sardines  in  Virgin  Olive  Oil. 

{Not  true  sardines  {pilchards) — Norway 
iristlings  and  should  be  so  labeled.  Govern- 
ment permits  designation  ^^ Norway  sardines/' 
hut  in  this  case  labeling  is  not  even  true  to 
this  ruling,) 

*  Bouillon  Herringlets. 

Williams,  R.  C,  and  Company,  New  York. 
-k  Salmon,  Eoyal  Scarlet,  Columbia  Eiver. 


XI 

FEUITS— DEIED  * 

THE  points  in  regard  to  dried  fruits  are :  Are 
they  unsulphnred?  Are  they  free  from  ex- 
cessive moisture  (which  sulphuring  makes  pos- 
sible)? Are  they  free  from  insect  infection? 
Have  full  weight  and  measure  been  given?  For 
the  starred  products  we  can  answer  ^'yes/'  in  re- 
gard to  all  of  these  points.  Fruitsaretransported 
more  cheaply  in  this  dried  compact  form  and  the 
consumer  pays  for  less  water  than  in  fresh  or 
canned  goods.  Their  keeping  qualities  are  also 
excellent  and  they  form  a  very  acceptable  part  of 
the  diet  both  from  an  economical  and  nutritive 
point  of  view,  especially  during  the  seasons  when 
fresh  fruits  are  unavailable  or  very  high  in  price. 
Stewed  dried  fruits  are  excellent  natural  laxatives 
as  well  as  nutritious  and  a  handful  of  raisins,  dates 
or  jBgs  is  much  better,  in  my  opinion,  for  the  grow- 
ing child  than  candy. 

1  For  canned  fruits  see  page  40. 


IM 


FRUITS— DRIED  12T 


TESTED  FRUITS,  DRIED 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicate*  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

American  Dehydrating  Company,  Waukesha,  Wiscon- 
sin. 
(N)  Dehydro-Fresh  Cranberries.     (By  no  means  equal 
to  fresh  fruit  nor  superior  to  the  dried  and 
evaporated  goods,  as  claimed.) 
American  Vineyard  Company,  Fresno,  Cal. — Boston — 
San  Francisco. 
:*-  Ideal  ''Not-a-Seed''  Raisins. 
Austin-Nichols  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Peaches,    Fancy    Evaporated    California.     (0.15 
per  cent,  of  sulphur  found  in  this  product.    La- 
hel  read  ^^sulphur  bleached^';  considered  in- 
jurious to  health  though  permitted  hy  federal 
regulation  pending  investigation.) 

California  Fruit  Canners'  Association,   Fresno,   Cali- 
fornia. 
'At  Del  Monte  Brand  California  Seedless  Raisins. 
Carque  Pure  Food  Company,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

*  Apricots,  Carque 's  California  Likefresh  Fruits. 
tAt  Bananas,  Carque 's  California  Likefresh  Fruits. 

*  Cherries,  Carque 's  California  Likefresh  Fruits. 

*  Figs,  California  Selected  Black  Mission. 

*  Olives,  Selected  Sun  Dried  California  Ripe,  Dry. 


128  1001    TESTS 


^  Peaches,  Carque's  California  Likefresh  Fruits. 
it  Pears,  Carque's  California  Likefresh  Fruits. 

{Claims  somewhat  overdrawn;  excellent  unsul- 
phured  products,) 
Cresca  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Cresca  Figs. 

*  Stuffed  Figs  and  Stuffed  Dates. 

*  Cresca  Choicest  Cluster  Eaisins. 

{Figs  and  dates  are  ^'Prepared  with  corn 
syrup/'  L  e,,  glucose;  declared  on  label, 
amount  very  small  but  unnecessary  and  un- 
desirable.) 

DeGroflF,  Lewis,  and  Son,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Smyrna  Figs,  Health  Brand. 

Fresno  Home  Packing  Company,  Fresno,  California. 

*  Fancy  Cluster  Eaisins,  Blue  Ribbon  Brand. 

Greenhut  Siegel  Cooper  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Eaisins,    Sultanas,    Golden   West    Brand,    Extra 

Quality,  Natural,  Seedless. 

Higgins,  William  A.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Chariot  Apples.     {Minute  trace  of  sulphur;  short 

weight  due  probably  to  drying  out,) 
(D)  Seedless  Eaisins,  Berry  Brand.     {Short  weight, 
0.018  per  cent,  sulphur  dioxide,) 
Hills  Brothers  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Dromedary  Brand  Cleaned  Currants. 

*  Dromedary  Golden  Dates. 


FRUITS— DRIED  1£9 

^  Dromedary  Brand  Washed  Figs.  ('^Conserved 
in  corn  syrup/'  i,  e,,  glucose — declared  on  label 
— very  small  amount  present  hut  is  undesirable 
and  unnecessary,) 

Koenig  and  Schuster,  New  York. 

^  Fancy  Malaga  Raisins,  Princess  Brand. 

Seaman  Brothers,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  White  Rose  California  Seeded  Muscatel  Raisins. 

Williams,  R.  C,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Royal  Scarlet  Seeded  Raisins. 


xn 

HOUSEHOLD   REMEDIES  AND  DISIN- 
FECTANTS * 

THE  miscellaneous  samples  reported  under 
this  heading  pretend  in  no  way  to  cover  the 
field,  but  were  examined  mainly  in  response  to 
inquiries  and  as  information  was  needed.  Vas- 
elines (petrolatum)  are  standard  products,  but 
the  '* remedial"  claims  made  for  them  have  been 
exaggerated.  The  disinfectants  all  err  in  mak- 
ing extravagant  claims,  extending  their  usefulness 
into  the  medicinal  field  and  so  becoming  dangerous 
in  the  hands  of  the  layman.  The  non-poisonous 
claim  is  particularly  misleading  and  the  fanciful 
names  under  which  these  products  are  presented 
are  objectionable  in  that  they  conceal  the  true 
nature  of  the  disinfectant  which  might  easily  be 
declared.  A  standardized,  carefully  prepared  dis- 
infectant of  proper  strength  is  a  boon  to  the  house- 
keeper and  it  is  a  great  pity  that  these  products 
cannot  be  sold  in  a  more  intelligent  and  ethical  way 
as  they  are  undoubtedly  useful,  and  their  quality 

*pata  do  not  represent  complete  analyses;  only  important  and 
characteristic  ingredients  arc  mentioned. 

130 


HOUSEHOLD    REMEDIES  ISl 

in  many  cases  is  excellent.  Some  of  the  materials 
reported  fall  within  the  patent  medicine  class  and 
exhibit  all  the  evils  and  misleading  statements 
typical  of  such  products. 

TESTED  HOUSEHOLD  REMEDIES  AND  DIS- 
INFECTANTS 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  produota 
{D)y  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

American  Druggists  Syndicate,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 
(N)  A.  D.  S.  Foot  Tablets.  {An  astringent  antisep- 
tic wash  containing  tannin,  salicylic  acid,  alum, 
ioric  acid,  etc.  Claims  that  it  is  a  ^'valuable 
remedy,^'  ^'effective  in  the  treatment  of  hun- 
ions,"  etc,  are  extravagant.) 

Bauer  and  Black,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Blue  Jay  Com  Plasters.  {Contain  salicylic  acid, 
which  is  practically  always  the  active  in- 
gredient of  corn  salves.  Is  often  helpful  but 
the  claim  ^^In  ^8  hours  corn  comes  out  root  and 
all,"  is  exaggerated.) 

Bauer  and  Company,  Berlin,  A.  Wulfing  and  Company, 
N.  Y.  American  Agents. 
(D)  Formamint  Tablets.     {A  formaldehyde  prepara- 
tion with  extravagant  claims  as  to  its  thera- 
peutic and  germicidal  properties.    Efficacy  of 


132  1001    TESTS 


the  tablets  is  believed  to  be  much  overrated,  in 
addition  to  which  they  might  be  irritating  in 
some  conditions.) 
Bliss,  Alonzo  O.,  Company,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(D)  Native  Herbs.  (A  mixture  of  aloes,  the  com- 
mon cathartic,  and  cassia,  with  probably  small 
amounts  of  podophyllum,  ginger,  dandelion,  and 
other  stomachics.  Not  true  to  nume,  and  ac- 
companied by  characteristic  patent  medicine 
claims,  which  are  obviously  impossible  of  ful- 
fillment. Would  not  ^'cure  rheumatism,  ca- 
tarrh, nervous  disorders,  diabetes  and  all  syph- 
ilitic diseases"  as  claimed.) 

Carter  Lytle  Drug  Company,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(N)  Komol.  {Collodion  with  salicylic  acid  in  alcohol 
and  ether.  ^'It  will  dissolve  the  most  obstinate 
cases.'^  ^^The  best  paint  for  corns,"  etc. 
Claims  excessive.) 

Chesebrough  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 
(N)  Capsicum  Vaseline.  (Petrolatum  containing  cap- 
sicum. A  good  product  but  only  palliative,  not 
*^a  remedy"  for  rheumatism,  gout,  neuralgia, 
etc.,  as  stated.  Not  '^superior  to  mustard  or 
any  other  plaster"  under  all  conditions.) 
iK  Carbolated  Vaseline.  (A  petrolatum  containing 
phenol.  Statements  that  it  is  ^^ A  valuable  an- 
tiseptic dressing  for  wounds,  etc.,"  is  true.) 


HOUSEHOLD    REMEDIES  133 

*  Mentholated  Vaseline.  (A  mentholated  petro- 
latum, which  m^y  he  advantageously  used  for 
^^nervous  headaches,  sore  throat,  neuralgia, 
neuritis,  rheumatism,  etc,"  as  a  palliative. 
No  remedial  or  curative  properties  claimed  in 
this  case.) 

^  Vaseline.  (Former  claims  ^^an  invaluahle  rem- 
edy for  hums,  rheumatism,  hemorrhoids"  with- 
drawn from  lahel;  product  is  palliative  hut 
hardly  remedial  in  such  cases,) 

^  White  Vaseline.  (Pure  petrolatum;  former  claim 
that  it  is  an  ^Hnvaluahle  family  remedy 
for  rheumatism,  catarrh,  hay  fever,  etc,"  is 
ohviously  an  exaggeration,  as  'Wemedy"  im- 
plies constructive  healing  while  this  substance 
is  only  palliative.  Claims  withdrawn  from 
lahel.) 
Clark's  Corporation,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Sel  Amaigrissant.  (Merely  crystallized  washing 
soda,  perfumed.  Claims  made  as  to  its  merits 
as  a  flesh  reducer  when  used  in  the  hath,  are 
manifestly  absurd,  and  the  price  is  high.) 
Crittenton,  Charles  N.,  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Tooth  Ache  Drops,  Pike's  Universal  Vegetable. 
(Consists  chiefly  of  chloroform  and  alcohol 
with  a  little  oil  of  cloves  and  other  antiseptic 
oils;  not  a  ^^ vegetable"  product;  chloroform 
dangerous  and  habit  forming,  and  tends  to  de- 
fer necessary  dental  attention.) 


134  1001    TESTS 


Dodge,  Walter  Luther,  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 
(N)  Tiz.     {Tablets  containing  tannin,  salicylic  acid, 
alum,  and  orris  root.    An  astringent  antiseptic 
foot  hath,  harmless  but  could  do  but  little  for 
bunions,  ingrowing  nails,  etc,  as  claimed,) 

Downs,  Jean,  334  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 
(D)  Get  Slim.  (Consists  essentially  of  sugar  and 
tartaric  and  citric  acids,  colored  with  a  trace  of 
pink  dye.  Claims  for  its  efficiency  as  a  flesh 
reducer  grossly  exaggerated  and  an  unlimited 
use  of  these  acids  might  be  harmful.) 

E.  C.  D.  Chemical  Company,  1777  Broadway,  New  York 
City,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Fluid  En-Ser-01.  {An  alleged  catarrh  and  deaf- 
ness cure,  consists  essentially  of  camphor,  glyc- 
erine, water  and  traces  of  antiseptics.  Worth 
about  2  cents  and  sells  for  $1;  claims  absurd,) 

Every  Woman  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Every  Woman's  Flesh  Reducer.  {A  nfiixture  of 
epsom  salts,  alum,  washing  soda  and  camphor, 
5  tablespoonfuls  to  be  used  in  a  hot  bath  as  a 
flesh  reducer;  claims  absurd.  Sells  for  89 
cents,  costs  not  more  than  10,  at  a  liberal  es- 
timate,) 

Evans  Sons,  Lescher  and  Webb,  Ltd.,  Liverpool,  Lon- 
don and  New  York. 
(N)  Antiseptic    Throat    Pastilles.     {Consists    essen- 
tially of  gum  acacia,  licorice,  terpin-hydrate, 
and  ammonium  salt;  claims  slightly  exagg^- 


HOUSEHOLD    REMEDIES  135 

ated.  It  would  restore  the  voice  and  make 
breathing  easy  when  there  was  some  slight  diffi- 
culty only.) 

Giant  Chemical  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(N)  A-Corn    Salve.     (Contains    fat,    salicylio    acid, 
methyl    salicylate.    Claims    moderate,    except 
that  it  could  hardly  remove  bunioTis.) 
Grape  Capsule  Company,  108  Fulton  Street,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

(N)  Cod  Liver  Oil  Capsules.  (A  good  cod  liver  oil 
in  capsule  form,  but  is  short  weight  and  high 
priced  considering  the  amount  of  oil  obtained, 
due  allowance  being  made  for  the  expense  of 
the  capsule  form;  clamis  are  conservative,) 

(N)  Olive  Oil  Grapes.  (Olive  oil  in  capsule  form,  ex- 
cessive claims  as  to  its  value  as  a  ^^  tissue  builder 
and  flesh  creator,'^  as  ^^an  appetizer,"  etc) 
-k  Ricinol  Grape.  (Castor  oil.)  (A  good  castor  oil 
in  capsule  form.  Slightly  short  weight  but 
2l^  grams  for  ten  cents  is  not  excessive.) 
Grove,  E.  W.  (Paris  Medicine  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.). 

(D)  Laxative  Bromo-Quinine.  (Contains  aloin,  as  a 
laxative,  bromid  and  phenacetin  (2  grains  per 
tablet),  belladonna  and  quinine,  A  most  un- 
desirable product  for  miscellaneous  uncon- 
trolled  ingestion.) 

Hydrox-Chemical  Company,  New  York,  Chicago,  San 
Francisco. 
(N)  Hydrox    Hydrogen    Peroxide.     (Contains    ac§t- 


136  1001    TESTS 


anilid  as  a  preservative.    Extravagant  claims 
as  to  efficacy  as  a  mouth  wash,) 

Jad  Salts  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Jad  Brand  Salts.  {A  shot-gun  prescription 
which  ^^ cures''  too  many  diseases  at  once.  Con- 
sists principally  of  sodium  phosphate,  sodium 
and  potassium  iicarbonates  and  citric  and  tar- 
taric acids,  and  a  very  small  amount  of  hexa- 
methylene  tetramine,  antiseptic  diuretic,  as 
stated  on  the  label.  Odor  of  formaldehyde 
showed  partial  decomposition  of  last  named  in- 
gredient. Miscellaneous  drugging  of  this  kind 
is  useless  and  often  attended  by  an  element  of 
danger.  75  cents  is  an  exorbitant  price  for  four 
ounces  of  this  material.) 

Kimball,  Lucile,  1327  So.  Michigan  Boulevard,  Chicago, 
111. 
(D)  Obesity  Eemedy.  (Consists  of  1.  A  powder 
made  up  of  soap,  epsom  salts  and  washing  soda, 
for  external  application,  2,  Brown  tablets 
consisting  essentially  of  aloin  a  laxative,  bella- 
donna and  nux  vomica,  3.  Pink  tablets  to 
furnish  a  tonic  and  stomachic,  consisting  es- 
sentially of  capsicum,  menthol,  and  bitter  prin- 
ciples resembling  those  from  quassia  and  gen- 
tian; harmless  in  general,  but  utterly  unable  to 
fulfill  the  excessive  claims  made  for  it  as  a  flesh 
reducer.) 


HOUSEHOLD    REMEDIES  137 

Kinox  Company,  Rutland,  Vermont. 

(N)  Kinox.  (Essentially  the  product  known  as  Chin- 
osol,  a  derivative  of  quinolin.  A  good  antisep- 
tic sold  under  a  fancy  name  with  extravagant 
claims  for  its  application.) 

Landshut,  Karl,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Louisenbad  Reduction  Salt.  (Essentially  epsom 
salts,  worth  about  2  cents  a  pound  and  sold  for 
one  dollar.  That  it  tvould  prove  a  ^^  remedy 
for  obesity  without  the  use  of  drugs,  diet,  exer- 
cises,''  by  using  it  in  the  bath  water,  is  ob- 
viously absurd,  neither  would  it  ^'tone  the 
whole  body,'^) 

Lambert  Pharmacal  Company,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

*  Listerine. 

Lehn  and  Fink,  New  York  City. 

*  LysoL     (A  solution  of  cresylic  acid  with  a  germi- 

cidal value  about  twice  that  of  carbolic;  name 
objectionable,  as  not  being  descriptive  of  the 
product,  which,  however,  is  an  excellent  one. 
Very  similar  to  the  ^^ Liquor  cresolis  composi- 
tus^'  of  the  Pharmacopoeia,) 

Luden,  W.  H.,  Reading,  Pa. 

-jAr  Menthol  Cough  Drops.  (A  simple  menthol  cough 
drop,  for  which  no  extravagant  medicinal  claims 
are  made.  Efficacy  of  all  cough  drops  is  of 
course  very  limdted.) 


138  1001    TESTS 


Martindale,  Thomas,  and  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(D)  Royal  Olvules.  {A  first-class  olive  oil  in  capsule 
form.  Disapproved  because  of  the  fact  that 
only  two  or  three  ounces  are  given  for  $1  and 
the  claims  as  to  its  being  a  specific  for  constipa- 
tion and  a  preventative  for  appendicitis,  are 
manifestly  misleading,  A  useful  and  unobjec- 
tionable product  if  properly  priced  and  pre- 
sented.) 

Medical  Formula  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Calocide  Compound.  {A  foot  bath  consisting  of 
alum,  salt  and  gallic  acid.  Might  be  very  draw- 
ing and  drying  to  the  feet,  undesirably  so  un- 
der some  conditions.) 

Mentholatum  Company,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

(D)  Mentholatum.  (A  useful  mixture  of  camphor, 
menthol,  vaseline  and  boric  acid,  but  the  state- 
ment that  it  will  give  even  ''quick  relief  for 
hay  fever,  pneumonia,  croup,  neuralgia,  rheu- 
matism, etc.,  must  be  considered  decidedly  mis- 
leading.) 

Merck  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Creolin-Pearson.     (An  efficient  disinfectant;  for- 

mer dangerous  claim  of  ''non-poisonous,'^  and 
excessive  claims  as  to  strength  withdraum;  ap- 
plications and  efficiency  claims  still  somewhat 
too  broad.) 
Moller,  Peter,  London  (Schieffelin  and  Company,  U.  S. 
Agents,  New  York). 

*  Hydroxyl-Free  Cod  Liver  Oil.     (A  very  pur0,  high 


HOUSEHOLD    REMEDIES  139 

quality  cod  liver  oil.  The  claim  made  that  it 
is  hydroxyl'free  appears  to  he  questionable  and 
claims  as  to  its  being  a  ^^ perfect  food/^  ^^a  uni- 
versal remedy/^  etc.,  are  deprecated  as  mean- 
ingless exaggeration,) 
Moras,  Dr.  E.  R.,  Highland  Park,  Illinois. 

(D)  Detoxyl.  {A  tablet  consisting  essentially  of  ep- 
som  salts  with  citric  and  tartaric  acids  in  com* 
bination  with  soda.  Said  to  cure  practically  all 
known  diseases  from  pneumonia  to  whooping 
cough,  including  typhoid  fever  and  delirium  tre- 
mens, when  used  in  connection  with  the  die- 
tetic and  hygienic  system  outlined  in  the  litera- 
ture. The  claims  are  obviously  impossible  of 
fulfillment.  See  article  in  ^^Good  Housekeep- 
ing, April,  1914.) 

(D)  Eye  Cream.  {A  mixture  of  cocoa  butter  and  lan- 
olin, or  some  similar  fat.  No  medication  what- 
ever could  be  found,  not  even  boric  acid.  A 
small  salve  box  of  this  is  sold  for  $2.  It  is 
claimed  that  all  eye  troubles  can  be  cured  by 
massaging  the  eyelids  with  it.  Pretensions  ob- 
viously misleading  and  impossible  of  fvlfJl- 
ment.) 
Musterole  Company,  Inc.,  Cleveland,  Ohio, 

(D)  Musterole.  (A  good  mustard  and  nj^nthol  prep- 
aration, probably  non-blistering  as  claimed, 
but  the  statements  that  it  would  prevent  pneu- 
monia, and  that  there  is  ^^ nothing  like  it'^  for 


140  1001    TESTS 


rheumatism,  pleurisy,  tonsUitis,  etc,  are  mis- 
leading.) 

New  Skin  Company,  98  Grand  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
-A-  New  Skin.     (Essentially  a  flexible  collodion  with 
amyl  acetate;  has  also  antiseptic  properties  but 
^^germ^killing'^  powers  are  somewhat  problem- 
atic) 

Nikola  Chemical  Company,  449  W.  52n(i  St.,  New  York, 
N.Y. 
(D)  Nikola  Bathing  Compound  and  Weight  Reducer. 
(Essentially  washing  soda  with  a  little  salt. 
The  claim  that  it  is  '^Recommended  by  leading 
physicians  here  and  abroad  as  a  weight  reducer 
and  a  preventative  of  gout,  rheumatism,  kidney 
trouble,  and  all  forms  of  skin  diseases''  is  pal- 
pably mdsleading,) 

Oakland  Chemical  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
*  Dioxogen. 

Olmsted,  Allen  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Allen's  Foot  Ease.  (Essentially  talc  and  boric 
acid.  Any  good  borated  talcum  powder  would 
be  equally  efficacious  in  relieving  and  prevent- 
ing blisters,  etc  Could  do  nothing  curative  for 
'^ ingrowing  nails  and  bunions.") 

Pond's  Extract  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Pond's  Extract.  (Distilled  extract  of  witch 
hazel;  slightly  exaggerated  claims,  though  it  is 
not  described  as  a  remedy,  but  only  for  use  in 
earache,  boHs,  toothache,  neuralgia,  sore  eyes, 


HOUSEHOLD    REMEDIES  141 

etc;  claim  that  ^^  nothing  else  is  so  healing  to 
the  skin"  is  exaggerated.) 

Potter  Drug  and  Chemical  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
(D)  Cuticura  Ointment.  {A  vaseline  and  wax  prep- 
aration, perfumed,  depending  essentially  on  the 
small  amount  of  phenol  present  for  its  anti- 
septic value.  Claims  for  its  efficacy  in  treating 
humors,  ulcers,  eczema,  etc,  greatly  over- 
stated.) 

Pure  Gluten  Food  Company,  90  West  Broadway,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Hoyt's    **Sweetina."     {A    preparation    of    sac- 
charin for   the   use   of  diabetics.    Legitimate 
product  if  plainly  named.) 

Rueckheim  Brothers  and  Eckstein,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Angelus  Cough  Drops.  {A  horehound  cough 
drop,  flavored  with  sassafras  and  containing 
no  drugs.  25  per  cent,  of  glucose  and  64  per 
cent,  of  sucrose.  Statement  that  it  is  highly 
recommended  for  sore  throat,  is  a  slight  exag- 
geration.) 

Sam  Katz  Company,  1325  South  Michigan  Avenue, 
Chicago,  111. 
(D)  Sam  Katz  Oxygen  Treatment  for  Catarrh. 
{This  treatment  consists  of  four  parts:  (1) 
A  so-called  oxygen  germicide,  consisting  of 
sodium  perborate  flavored  with  cinnamon.  (2) 
Plumose    fiber,    which    is    absorbent    cotton 


142  1001    TESTS 


heavily  impregnated  with  aromatic  suistances, 
methyl  salicylate,  menthol,  etc.,  and  (3)  tioo 
sets  of  tablets  one  of  which  generates  oxygen 
on  treatment  with  acid.  Product  might  have 
some  disinfecting  power  but  is  entirely  unable 
to  fulfill  the  claims  made  for  it  as  a  catarrh  cure 
and  the  claims  based  on  the  liberation  of  oxy- 
gen in  the  stomach  and  intestines  are  unscien- 
tific and  unwarranted,) 
Sargol  Company,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Sargol.  (The  report  of  the  British  Medical  As- 
sociation on  Sargol  is  recorded  in  the  ^^J^owrnal 
of  the  American  Medical  Association' '  as  fol- 
lows: 

Sugar 18.0  per  cent. 

Insoluble  protein 10.8  ^'       '' 

Sodium  and  potassium 

hypophosphites 7.7   *'       ** 

Albumin  (soluble) 4.2   ^'       *' 

Lecithin 1.9   ''       '' 

Zinc  phosphid 0.7   ''      '^ 

Talc,  KaoUn,  n^oisture,  etc, 

(The  composition  of  such  products  variM 
from  time  to  time  and  manifestly  while  such  a 
combination  might  have  some  little  tonic  value, 
its  effect  would  be  problematic,  and  the  claims 
made  for  it  as  a  flesh  builder,  and  the  state- 
ment that  ^'any  man  or  woman  can  now  be 
plump  and  well  developed,"  or  that  it  ^'makes 


HOUSEHOLD    REMEDIES  143 

puny,  peevish  people  plump  and  popular'^  are 
very  absurd.  Eggs,  milk  and  grains  are  a  bet- 
ter source  of  phosphorus  and  lecithins.  Great 
tonic  value  of  hypophosphites  is  an  exploded 
notion.  It  was  estimated  that  30  of  these 
tablets,  which  sold  for  $1,  had  an  intrinsic 
value  of  21/^  cents.) 

Spencer  Kellogg  and  Sons,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

if  Tasteless  Castor  Oil.  {Practically  tasteless  and 
claims  for  its  efficiency  only  slightly  exagger- 
ated.) 

Stearns,  Frederick  and  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

(D)  Headache  Cure.  (Shac.)  {A  typical  headache 
remedy  containing  in  each  wafer  one-half  grain 
of  caffein  and  4  grains  of  acetanilid,  the  latter 
being  a  dangerous  and  heart  depressant  drug 
which  has  no  remedial  value  but  merely  reduces 
the  susceptibility  to  pain.) 

Sterizol  Sales  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(D)  Sterizol,  The  Perfect  Antiseptic.  (An  antiseptic 
mixture  of  sodium  chlorid  and  borax,  with  a 
small  amount  of  menthol  and  thymol.  Sold  for 
$1  a  package  and  recommended  for  practically 
every  known  ill.  Claims  for  its  efficiency  and 
superiority  are  entirely  unwarranted.  Charge 
is  excessive,) 

Sulpho-Napthol  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(N)  Sulpho-Napthol.  {A  very  good  coal  tar  prepara- 
tion having  front  2.3  to  3.8  times  the  efficiency 


144  1001    TESTS 


of  carbolic  acid,  hut  the  extravagant  medicinal 
and  curative  claims  might  prove  misleading  to 
the  laymmi.) 

West  Disinfecting  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

^  C.  N.  Disinfectant.  {A  very  excellent  phenol, 
cresol,  coal  tar  disinfectant  in  concentrated  soap 
solution;  germicidal  value  nearly  six  times  that 
of  phenol  hut  the  claims,  while  much  moderated 
are  still  slightly  hroad.) 

Woolheal  Chemical  Company,  149-151  Church  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Wool  Heal.  {A  partially  purified  wool  grease,  in- 
ferior to  the  TJ.  S,  P.  lanolin.  Extravagant 
claims  made  that  it  will  afford  immediate  re- 
lief in  the  most  distressing  forms  of  pimples, 
and  all  flesh  and  skin  hlemishes,) 


LAED,  BUTTEES,  AND  THEIE  SUB. 
STITUTES 

IT  is  quite  impossible  to  certify  without  sanitary 
inspection  to  the  materials  from  which  lard  and 
butter  have  been  made,  but  careful  chemical  tests 
were  made  of  these  products  to  determine  whether 
or  not  they  complied  with  the  standards  as  to  the 
amount  of  moisture  and  the  quality  and  quantity  of 
the  fat  present,  and  were  free  from  artificial  color 
or  preservatives.  Over  and  over  we  are  asked, 
**Is  oleomargarine  wholesome?"  and  **What  is 
Crisco?"  Oleomargarine  may  digest  somewhat 
more  slowly  than  butter  but  this  does  not  prove 
that  it  is  less  nutritious.  There  is  no  reason  why 
it  should  not  be  an  acceptable  food  if  honestly  sold 
at  a  lower  price  than  the  more  delicious,  but  no 
more  wholesome,  butter.  This  is  assuming  that 
the  oleomargarine  is  made  in  a  cleanly  way  from 
pure  neutral  lard,  beef  fat,  or  vegetable  oils,  with 
or  without  the  admixture  of  cream  or  butter. 

Crisco,  the  much  advertised  cooking  fat,  is  made 
from  cotton  seed  oil  by  a  special  process  which 
solidifies  it    There  are  no  scientific  data  as  to  its 


146  1001    TESTS 


relative  digestibility,  but  as  far  as  we  know  it  is  a 
perfectly  wholesome  and  efficient  substitute  for 
cooking  butter  and  lard.  Claims  made  as  to  its 
taking  the  place  of  butter  in  cake  making  and  the 
superiority  of  foods  that  are  cooked  in  it,  open  up 
a  debatable  field  to  put  it  mildly.  Cooks  will 
doubtless  disagree  on  these  points.  It  is  said 
to  be  richer  than  butter  because  it  contains  less 
water  and  therefore,  has  relatively  more  fat  in  a 
given  bulk.  To  this  extent  it  is  more  economical. 
The  question  of  flavoring  and  consistency,  how- 
ever, would  enter  into  cake  making  and  it  is  ques- 
tionable whether  it  takes  the  place  of  butter  for 
such  uses ;  as  a  frying  medium,  it  undoubtedly  has 
certain  physical  properties  which  are  advantage- 
ous. 

The  peanut  butters  so  extensively  used  now, 
especially  for  children,  are  included  in  this  section. 
These  products  offer  in  concentrated  form  a  ration 
very  high  in  two  of  the  principal  food  elements. 
All  of  the  products  approved  contained  45  per  cent, 
or  more  of  fat,  about  29  per  cent,  of  protein,  and 
approximately  22  per  cent,  of  carbohydrates. 
These  are  plainly  rich,  highly  nutritious  foods  to 
be  eaten  in  small  quantities,  rather  than  perfectly 
balanced  foods  for  a  general  diet  as  they  are  some- 
times claimed  to  be. 


LARD,    BUTTERS,    SUBSTITUTES      147 

TESTED  LARD,  BUTTERS  AND  THEIR  SUB- 
STITUTES 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Ammon  and  Pearson,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

*  Oleomargarine,    Baby    Brand.     {A   properly   Id- 

beled  and  acceptable  oleomargarine,  uncolored. 
Has  no  right  to  appellation  ^^  Creamery  But- 
terine/'  which  is  sometimes  used  and  is  mis- 
leading. ) 
Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Armour's  *' Simon  Pure"  Leaf  Lard. 

Beechnut  Packing  Company,  Canajoharie,  N.  T. 

*  Beechnut  Brand  Peanut  Butter. 
Bosman  and  Lohman  Company,  Norfolk,  Va. 

*  Nut-Let  Peanut  Butter. 

Carque  Pure  Food  Company,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

*  Carque 's  Nut  Cream  Butter.     {Ground  nuts  with 

cocoanut;     somewhat     extravagant     nutritive 
claims,) 

Forest  Home  Farm,  Purcellville,  Md. 

*  Lard. 

Fairbank,  N.  K.,  Company,  Chicago  and  New  York. 
ic  Cottolene.     (Cotton  seed  oil  and  beef  stearin,  un- 
colored,) 


148  1001    TESTS 


Fox  River  Butter  Company. 

ik  Pure  Butter.  C^ Absolutely  Pure"  claim  objec^ 
tiondble,  as  always.  An  excellent  product, 
however,  with  very  low  moisture  content,  show- 
ing careful  preparation.) 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

*  Peanut  Butter. 

Hills  Brothers  Company,  New  York,  N.  T. 

"A"  Datenut  Butter. 
Jones  Dairy  Farm,  Fort  Atkinson,  Wisconsin. 

^  Pure  Lard. 
Morehouse  Mills,  Chicago,  and  Los  Angeles. 

*  Mrs.  Morehouse's  Peanut  Butter. 
Morris  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

^  Marigold  Oleomargarine. 
Proctor  and  Gamble  Company,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

ik  Crisco.     (Cottonseed  oil  solidified  by  a  special 
process,) 
Swift  and  Company,  Chicago. 

(N)  Silver-Leaf  Brand  Lard.  {Of  good  quality  but 
does  not  comply  with  requirements  for  a  'Heaf" 
lard,  use  of  the  words  '^Silver-Leaf  Brand''  con- 
sidered misleading.  Five  pound  pail  at  70 
cents  weighed  four  pounds.  No  weight  de- 
clared.) 

if  Swift's  Premium  Oleomargarine. 

*  Swift's  Jersey  Brand  Oleomargarine. 
Yours  Truly  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Yours  Truly  Peanut  Butter. 


MEATS— (CANNED,  DRIED,  ETC.) 

IN  many  of  the  dried  meats  potassium  nitrate 
(saltpetre)  is  present  in  small  amounts.  It  is 
not  needed  to  preserve  these  products  but  is  used 
solely  to  give  the  reddish  color  of  fresh  meat  to 
the  smoked  or  dried  meat.  Its  use  has  never  been 
forbidden  by  official  ruling,  and  only  very  small 
amounts  are  found,  but  the  purpose  for  which  it  is 
used  is  clearly  misleading,  and  since  nitrate  of 
potassium  is  rarely  employed  at  present,  even  for 
therapeutic  purposes,  because  it  is  inferior  to  the 
harmless  vegetable  potassium  salts,  and  next  to  the 
cyanid  and  chlorate  of  potassium  salts  is  consid- 
ered the  most  poisonous  of  this  class  of  bodies,  it 
seems  to  me  obvious  that  its  use  in  a  food  product 
is  undesirable,  no  matter  how  small  the  quantities 
may  be. 

TESTED  MEATS  AND  MEAT  PRODUCTS, 
(CANNED,  DRIED,  ETC.) 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  produotg 
{D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  at  to  method  of  rating.) 

149 


150  1001    TESTS 


Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Sliced  Dried  Beef.     (Short  weight  and  a  trace  of 
saltpetre  present,) 
Beech-Nut  Packing  Company,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y. 

*  Beech-Nut  Brand  Sliced  Beef. 

*  Beech-Nut  Brand  Sliced  Bacon. 

Cresca  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

-k  Pate  de  Foies  Gras  Aux  Truffes  du  Perigord  Stras- 
bourg (Alsace)  Germany. 

Derby,  H.  C,  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Derby  Brand  Lambs  Tongues. 

Ferris,  F.  A.  and  Company. 

*  Our  Trade  Mark  Ham. 

*  Boneless  Bacon. 

Forest  Home  Farm,  Purcellville,  Virginia. 

*  Scrapple  (unlabeled). 

*  Sausage. 

"A"  Virginia  Ham. 
Frank,  L.,  and  Son,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.     (Bought  of 
C.   Jevne    and    Company,   32    South    Wabash 
Avenue,  Chicago,  III.) 
it  Lax  Ham. 
iic  Liver  Sausage. 

*  Summer  Sausage. 

Grand  View  Farm  Produce  Company,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

*  Pork  Sausage. 

Gordon  and  Dilworth,  New  York  City. 

*  Calves  Foot  and  Head  Jelly. 


MEATS    (CANNED,   DRIED,   ETC.)      161 

Hormel,  G.  A.  and  Company,  Austin,  Minn. 
^  Dairy  Brand  Bacon. 
ic  Dairy  Brand  Ham. 
Houston  Packing  Company,  Houston,  Texas. 

(N)  Cooked  Whole  Ox  Tongue — Red   Cross  Brand. 

(Small  amount  of  saltpetre  present.) 
(N)  Cooked    Compressed    Corned    Beef — Red    Cross 
Brand.     (Small  amount  of  saltpetre  present.) 

Jones  Dairy  Farm,  Fort  Atkinson,  Wis. 
"A-  Bacon. 
*  Ham. 
-At  Little  Sausage. 

Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby,  Chicago,  HI. 

(N)  Wafer  Sliced  Dried  Beef.     (Small  amount  of  salt- 

petre  present.) 
(N)  Potted  Meat,  Beef  Ham  Flavor.     (A  compound 

honestly  labeled  but  not  of  high  quality.) 
ik  Boneless  Chicken. 
it  Deviled  Ham. 

(N)  Veal  Loaf  with  Pork  and  Beef  Product.     (A  mis- 
cellaneous mixture  not  of  high  quality.) 

Pond,  E.  K.  Packing  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Derby      Brand      Boneless      Chicken.     (Coarse, 
stringy,  not  high  quality,  probably  old  fowls.) 

Richardson  and  Robbins,  Dover,  Delaware. 
-k  Boned  Chicken. 
it  Potted  Ham. 


152  1001    TESTS 


Swift  and  Company,  U.  S.  A. 
(N)  Premium  Ham. 
(N)  Premium  Bacon  Sliced. 

{Small  amount  of  saltpetre  present,  good  qual- 
ity otherunse,) 

Underwood,  W.  M.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
*  Original  Deviled  Ham. 


XV 

OLIVE  OILS,  ETC. 

THE  olive  oils  examined  uphold  tlie  opinion 
that  under  the  law  this  product  as  imported 
is  no  longer  adulterated  to  any  extent.  Nearly  all 
the  samples  complied  with  the  standards.  Occa- 
sionally, some  dealer  mixes  cottonseed  oil  with 
olive  oil  after  it  is  received  in  this  country,  as  the 
difference  in  price  makes  the  adulteration  a  most 
profitable  one.  The  cotton  seed  oil,  however,  is,  as 
far  as  we  know,  just  as  nutritious  and  wholesome 
as  the  olive  oil,  but  merely  has  less  flavor,  is  les» 
delicious  and  should  be  properly  sold  under  its  own 
name  and  at  a  lower  price. 

Careful  organoleptic  tests  were  made  of  six  of 
the  olive  oils  examined,  which  all  complied  with  the 
standards  as  far  as  chemical  analysis  could  deter- 
mine, to  see  whether  any  difference  in  quality  could 
be  detected  by  an  unprejudiced  jury.  The  three  im- 
ported oils  included  in  the  test,  namely,  Artaud, 
Barton  and  Guestier,  and  the  Lucca  oil  of  S.  Eae 
and  Company,  were  plainly  of  deep  color,  and  rich, 
characteristic  flavor  and  odor.    The  Pompeian  Oil 


164  1001    TESTS 


was  paler  in  color  and  blander,  the  flavor  and  odor 
not  being  so  marked ;  while  the  Heinz  oil  was  unan- 
imously considered  to  have  the  mildest  flavor  and 
odor,  and  the  palest  color ;  one  juror,  however,  pre- 
ferred it  on  this  account.  This  seems  to  establish 
the  point  that  personal  taste  enters  too  largely  into 
these  fine  distinctions  of  quality  to  afford  any  basis 
for  discrimination  and  all  of  the  oils  starred  are  at 
least  pure  olive  oils  complying  with  the  standards. 
All  edible  oils  are  easily  digested  and  furnish 
heat  and  energy  with  small  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
body.  They  spare  the  carbohydrates  and  so  indi- 
rectly may  be  fattening;  besides  their  nutritive 
value  and  easy  digestibility,  they  serve  as  a  mild, 
natural  laxative. 

TESTED  OLIVE  OILS,  ETC. 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Acker,  Merrall  and  Condit  Company,  New  York  City. 

*  Olive  Oil. 

Artaud,  J.  B.,  and  A.  Freres,  Marseilles,  France. 

•  Pure  Olive  Oil. 


Barton  and  Gueatier,  Bordeaux,  France. 
*  Olive  Oil. 


OLIVE    OILS,    ETC,  155 

Calvet  and  Company,  Water  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Huile  d 'Olive. 

Campbell  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(D)  Campbeirs  Kooking  Oil.  (Chiefly  a  cottonseed 
oil  with  some  olive  oil  and  possibly  a  little  com 
oil.  Extravagant  claims  as  to  being  a  blend  of 
fruit  and  vegetable  oils,  producing  a  product 
more  healthy  than  lard  or  butter.  Claims  not 
to  compete  with  cottonseed  oil  when  it  is 
largely  cottonseed.) 

Castle,  The  W.  A.,  Company,  Springfield,  Mass. 

*  Cream  Olive  Oil. 
Chiris,  Antoine,  Grasse,  France. 

*  Huile  d 'Olive,  Surfine,  U.  S.  P. 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

*  Pure  Olive  Oil,   Imported.     {A   bland  light  oil, 

authentic  but  not  as  rich  in  color  and  flavor 
as  the  other  starred  products.) 

Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Olive  Oil,  Pure,  Imported. 

Maspero,  C,  Inc.,  (Packers) — ^Lucca,  Italy. 

(N)  Lucca  Olive  Oil,  Extra  Fine.     (Short  measure 
and  slightly   below  standard  requirements  in 
some  particulars,  though  no  adulterants  could 
be  identified.) 
Mentoni  Company,  The,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Italian  Olive  Oil,  Rudelco  Brand.  (Good  qual- 
ity, but  short  weight.) 


166  1001    TESTS 


Pompeian  Campciny,  Washington,  D.  C. 

it  Olive  Oil,  Pompeian  Brand.     (Good,  but  noi  quite 
so  rich  in  flavor  as  some  other  brands.) 

Rae,  S.,  and  Company,  Leghorn. 

*  Lucca  Oil,  Finest  Sublime. 

Southern  Cotton  Oil  Company,  24  Broad  Street,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

*  Wesson  Snowdrift  Oil.     {A  good  cottonseed  oil 

properly  labeled,) 


XVI 
PEESERVES,  PICKLES,  ETC. 

PRESERVES,  jams,  and  jellies  are  mucli  more 
liable  to  be  compounded  and  adulterated  than 
are  tbe  canned  goods  which  depend  simply  upon 
sterilization  for  their  preservation  and  are  not 
mixtures.  The  housekeeper  should  read  the  label 
on  all  preserves  very  carefully.  Artificial  coloring 
and  chemical  preservatives,  glucose,  instead  of 
sugar,  the  use  of  more  sugar  than  fruit,  giving  a 
characterless  product,  and  the  mixing  of  fruit 
residues  with  apple  are  aU  faults  to  be  looked  out 
for  with  this  class  of  products.  Fruits  that  have 
already  done  service  in  making  jelly  may  be  used 
again  in  preserves  and  some  times  phosphoric  acid 
and  citric  acid  are  added  to  make  up  for  the  lacking 
flavor  of  the  fresh  fruit.  Careful  label  reading 
will  go  far  to  protect  the  housewife  on  these  points. 
While,  of  course,  entirely  wholesome  products 
may  be  made  by  using  apples  or  apple  juice  for  the 
foundation  and  merely  flavoring  it  with  other 
fruits,  these  are  not  of  high  quality  and  if  they  con- 
sist principally  of  apple  juice  they  should  be 

157 


158  1001    TESTS 


labeled  apple  jelly  or  jam,  flavored  with  raspberry, 
or  strawberry.  They  have  no  right  to  the  title 
** raspberry  jam''  when  they  consist  principally  of 
apple,  a  much  cheaper  fruit.  Whenever  the  word 
^'compound"  appears  upon  the  label  it  is  a  signal 
of  distress.  These  compounds  uniformly  contain 
cheaper  ingredients  than  the  straight  product 
which  they  are  intended  to  replace.  In  other 
words,  the  term  is  usually  a  synonym  for  adultera- 
tion. Compound  preserves,  as  a  rule,  consist 
largely  of  glucose  and  derive  what  little  fruit  fla- 
vor they  have  from  apple  and  the  residues  of  other 
fruits.  Compounding  is  simply  cheapening  a 
product  with  a  view  to  deception  and  the  preserve 
and  jam  should  represent  the  pure  type  of  its  re- 
spective kind,  if  quality  is  to  be  attained. 

Alum,  a  substance  of  very  dubious  healthful- 
ness,  sometimes  used  to  give  crispness,  and  cop- 
per sulphate  to  give  a  vivid  green  color,  are  to  be 
avoided  in  pickles.  All  of  the  products  certified 
in  this  list  contain  a  due  amount  of  the  fresh  fruit 
from  which  the  product  is  named,  give  fair  weight 
and  are  free  from  glucose,  preservatives,  and 
added  color.  Beading  the  label  carefully  is  al- 
most a  sure  protection  on  these  points. 


PRESERVES,   PICKLES,   ETC.        169 

TESTED  PRESERVES,  PICKLES,  ETC. 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  [N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Acker,  Merrall  and  Condit  Company,  New  York  City. 

*  Currant  Jelly,  Black. 

*  Currant  Jelly,  Red. 

American  Fruit  Product  Company,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Clarendon  Brand  Blackberry  and  Apple  Pure 
Jam.     (No  distinctive  flavor,  probably  should 
be  labeled  ^^ Apple  and  Blackberry. '^    No  glu- 
cose present;  a  cheap,  harmless  product  but  not 
of  *^star"  quality.) 
Austin-Nichols  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
'k  Red  Raspberry  Preserves. 

*  Preserved  Damsons. 

Beech-Nut  Packing  Company,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y, 

*  Currant  Jelly. 

*  Grape,  Concord,  Jam. 

k  Grape  Fruit  Marmalade. 
it  Quince  Jelly. 
it  Strawberry  Jam. 

Cresca  Company,  New  York  City. 

(N)  Pistachios.     (13  per  cent,  of  glucose  was  present 
in  the  syrup  in  which  these  nuts  were  packed; 
should  have  been  declared  on  the  label.) 
ik  Rose  Leaves.     (A  jam.) 


160  1001    TESTS 


Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London,  England. 

*  Apricot,  Fresh  Fruit  Jam. 

*  Chow  Chow. 

*  Gooseberry,  Fresh  Fruit  Jam. 
lAr  Marmalade,  Pure  Orange. 

*  Mixed  Pickle. 

"At  Strawberry,  Fresh  Fruit  Jam. 
Cruikshanks  Brothers  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

(N)  Apple  and  Currant  Jelly.  {No  distinctive  flavor. 
Correctly  labeled  as  it  is  probably  an  apple 
jelly,  slightly  flavored  with  currant.  No  glu- 
cose. A  cheap,  harmless  product,  but  not  of 
^^star"  quality.) 
Curtice  Brothers  Company,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Blackberries,  Preserved.     {Preserved  with  sodium 
benzoate.) 

(D)  Pineapple  Marmalade,  with  10  per  cent.  Apple 
Juice. 

(D)  Quince,  Fresh  Fruit  Jam  with  10  per  cent.  Apple 
Juice. 

(D)  Strawberry,  Fresh  Fruit  Jam  with  10  per  cent. 
Apple  Juice. 

(D)  Raspberry,  Fresh  Fruit  Jam  with  10  per  cent. 
Apple  Juice. 

{Last  four  products  contain  approximately  ten 
per  cent,  of  ^'corn  syrup"  {glucose) ,  ten  per 
cent,  of  apple  juice  and  one-tenth  of  one  per 
cent,  of  bemoate  of  soda^  all  declared  on  the 
label.) 


PRESERVES,    PICKLES,    ETC.        161 

Ehman  Olive  Company,  Oroville,  Cal. 
in:  California  Ehman  Eipe  Olives. 

Gordon  and  Dilworth,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Orange  Marmalade,  Pure  Fruit  Jam. 
^  Pineapple,  Pure  Fruit  Jam. 

*  Raspberry,  Pure  Fruit  Jam. 

(^^ Absolutely  pure''  claim  objectionable  as  al- 
ways,) 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

ifcr  Currant  Jelly. 

'A'  Euchred  Pickle,  sweet. 

^  Strawberry  Preserves. 
Humbert  and  Andrews,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

tAt  Raspberry  Jam,  Acme  Brand. 

"At  Strawberry  Jam,  Acme  Pure. 

Jefferson  Pickle  Company,  Richmond,  Va. 

(N)  Sweet  Gherkins.    F.  F.  V.     Crystallized  Pickles. 
(Pickles  somewhat  tough  and  shriveled.) 

Kidd,  Mrs.  E.  G.,  Richmond,  Va. 

*  Pin  Money  Pickles — Gherkins. 

Leggett,  Francis  H.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Raspberry  Preserves. 

Libby,  McNeill  and  Libby,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Queen  Olives. 

*  Red  Raspberry  Preserves. 

*  Pure  Strawberry  Preserves. 

*  Sweet  Midgets. 


162  1001    TESTS 


Marehouse  Mills,  Chicago  and  Los  Angeles. 
Mrs.  Morehouse 's  Pure  Fruit  Jellies. 

(N)  Crabapple. 

(N)  Currant  and  Apple. 

(N)  Grape  and  Apple. 

(N)  Raspberry  and  Apple. 

{Considered  misbranded  as  there  is  30  per  cent, 
of  apple  juice  present  and  only  20  per  cent,  of 
the  fruit  from  which  the  product  takes  its  name, 
according  to  declaration  on  the  label.  Should 
be  labeled  ''apple  jelly  flavored  with  grape,  cur- 
rant, etc.  Flavor  due  to  the  special  fruit 
named  very  slight.) 

Olney  Canning  Company,  Burt,  Oneida,  N.  Y. 

*  Strawberries,  Burt  Olney 's. 

Pratt-Low  Preserving  Company,  Santa  Clara,  Cal. 

*  Green  Gage  Plums. 

Robertson  Preserve  Company,  James,  The,  West  Som- 
erville,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Golden  Shred  Pure  Orange  Marmalade. 


XVII 
STJGAES  AND  SACCHAEINE  PEODUCTS 

THE  principal  sugar  of  commerce  is  known  as 
sucrose.  It  is  produced  almost  exclusively 
from  the  sugar  beet  and  the  sugar  cane.  The 
quantity  made  from  the  sugar  beet,  considering 
the  world  ^s  production,  is  considerably  greater 
than  that  made  from  sugar  cane.  Chemically,  the 
sugar  from  the  sugar  beet  and  that  from  the  sugar 
cane  are  identical,  but  this  is  only  true  when  both 
are  pure.  Eaw  sugars  from  the  cane  and  from 
the  beet  differ  most  markedly.  Eaw  cane  sugars 
are  aromatic,  good  tasting,  good  smelling  and  de- 
licious. Eaw  beet  sugars  are  soapy,  bad  smelling, 
bad  tasting,  and  unedible.  These  differences  are 
caused  by  the  natural  differences  in  the  ingredi- 
ents of  the  cane  and  the  beet.  The  sugar  beet  con- 
tains large  quantities  of  potash.  When  heated 
the  potash  unites  with  the  fatty  and  oily  matters 
present  in  the  beet  and  produces  soaps  of  a  bad 
smelling  and  tasting  character.  The  potash  salts 
themselves  are  bitter.  The  juice  of  the  sugar  cane 
contains  very  little  mineral  matter  and  no  un- 

169 


164  1001    TESTS 


savory  products  are  formed  when  they  are  sub- 
jected to  heat.  The  natural  aromatic  substances 
of  the  cane  give  rise  to  pleasant  odors  about  a 
cane  factory,  while  just  the  opposite  obtains  at  a 
beet  factory.  It  is  sometimes  possible  to  distin- 
guish a  refined  beet  sugar  from  cane  sugar  by 
its  odor,  especially  if  it  is  kept  in  a  closed  con- 
tainer. 

The  pure  granulated  sugars  made  from  the 
sugar  beet  and  sugar  cane  are  equally  useful  for 
domestic  purposes.  Some  manufacturers  and 
housewives  prefer  cane  sugar  for  the  making  of 
cake,  preserves,  jams,  jellies,  etc.,  and  also  cane 
sugar  is  preferred  by  many  confectioners.  For 
ordinary  sweetening  purposes,  however,  for  coffee, 
tea,  etc.,  there  is  no  difference  between  a  pure 
high  grade  cane  sugar  and  a  pure  high  grade  beet 
sugar.  In  the  United  States  the  sugars  which  are 
consumed  are  chiefly  cane;  in  a  consumption  of 
four  million  tons  only  about  seven  hundred  thou- 
sand tons  are  derived  from  the  beet. 

Invert  sugar,  which  comprises  almost  the  whole 
of  honey,  and  a  considerable  portion  of  molasses 
and  syrups,  is  a  mixture  of  two  sugars  obtained 
from  cane  or  beet  sugar  by  a  process  which  is 
known  as  inversion.  Invert  sugar  is  sweeter  than 
sucrose  itself  and  is  more  difficult  to  crystallize. 


SUGARS,    SYRUPS,    ETC.  165 

hence,  it  is  an  ideal  constituent  of  honeys,  syrups 
and  molasses. 

The  white  sugars  of  commerce  are  practically  all 
of  a  very  high  grade,  being  99.5  per  cent,  pure  and 
over.  The  remainder  consists  of  ash  and  mois- 
ture. Low  grade  sugars  have  almost  disappeared 
from  the  American  market.  We  still  have  a  few 
brown  sugars  which  represent  the  second  and  third 
grades  of  the  refinery.  These  brown  sugars  con- 
tain considerable  quantities  of  moisture  and  ash, 
and  also  a  little  invert  sugar.  They  are  preferred 
for  some  purposes,  in  cooking  and  candy-making, 
to  the  pure  white  sugars. 

Pure  white  sugars  come  in  three  forms,  namely, 
cut  or  loaf  sugars,  granulated  sugar  and  powdered 
sugar.  These  are  all  practically  of  equal  grade. 
There  are  certain  forms  of  lump  sugar  that  are 
very  carefully  crystallized  and  broken,  such,  for 
instance,  as  crystal  domino,  that  sell  for  a  much 
higher  price  than  the  ordinary  granulated  sugars. 
These  high  price  sugars,  however,  do  not  have  any 
greater  sweetening  power  than  those  ordinarily 
found  upon  the  market. 

A  great  many  people  do  not  understand  the  dif- 
ference between  molasses  and  syrups.  There  is  a 
distinct  commercial  difference  recognized.  Mo- 
lasses is  a  by-product  of  sugar-making,  in  other 


166  1001    TESTS 


words,  after  the  sugar  has  crystallized  the  residual 
liquid  portions  are  separated  and  constitute  the 
molasses.  Molasses  is  found  in  three  different 
grades,  namely,  firsts,  seconds,  and  thirds  or  black- 
strap ;  meaning  the  product  from  the  first,  second 
and  third  crystallizations  respectively.  The  mo- 
lasses is  separated  by  a  machine  known  as  a  cen- 
trifugal, but  in  the  early  days  of  sugar-making  the 
molasses  was  separated  by  gravity,  leaving  a 
brown  sugar  of  rich  and  aromatic  character  and 
producing  a  molasses  of  the  finest  quality.  This 
old  fashioned  New  Orleans  molasses  is  no  longer 
obtainable  in  the  markets. 

Syrups  are  the  product  of  the  direct  condensa- 
tion of  the  expressed  juices  of  the  sugar-producing 
plants  without  the  separation  of  any  sugar.  The 
only  treatment  which  syrups  should  receive  is  that 
of  cleansing  during  the  process  of  evaporation. 
Thus  the  sap  of  the  maple  when  evaporated  to  a 
proper  consistency  produces  maple  syrup.  The 
same  is  true  of  the  sap  of  the  sugar  cane  and  of 
sorghum.  These  three  kinds  of  syrup  are  prac- 
tically the  only  natural  syrups  on  the  market.  In 
addition  to  these,  a  large  class  of  so-called  syrups 
is  made  by  mixing.  The  base  of  the  mixture  is 
usually  glucose,  incorrectly  called  *'corn  syrup." 
Glucose  can  be  made  of  potatoes,  as  well  as  of  In- 


SUGARS,    SYRUPS,    ETC.  167 

dian  corn  and  if  it  is  to  be  called  a  syrup  at  all  it 
should  be  called  either  com  starch  syrup  or  potato 
starch  syrup,  as  the  case  may  be.  According  to 
the  standards  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture, according  to  law,  the  term  ** syrup'*  unquali- 
fied signifies  only  the  concentrated  sap  or  juice  of 
a  sugar-producing  plant.  The  mixing  of  syrups 
is  more  or  less  misleading  in  character ;  as  an  ex- 
ample, the  following  may  be  cited.  Glucose  in  its 
natural  state  is  never  sold  nor  used  as  a  table 
syrup.  The  so-called  refiners'  syrup,  which  is 
the  last  liquid  product  of  the  refinery,  has  such  a 
salty  taste,  and  such  a  peculiar  flavor,  acquired 
during  the  process  of  manufacture,  as  to  be  prac- 
tically inedible.  A  large  business  is  done  in  this 
country  by  mixing  glucose  with  refiner's  syrup  or 
sugar  syrup  and  selling  them  as  a  table  syrup 
under  various  fancy  names,  such  as  Karo,  Velva, 
etc. 

There  are  many  mixtures  of  maple  syrup  with 
other  syrups,  especially  sugar  syrup.  In  some 
States  the  percentages  of  the  mixtures  are 
required  to  be  named  upon  the  label.  This  should 
be  the  case  everywhere.  The  quantity  of  maple 
syrup  employed  is  usually  extremely  minute, 
scarcely  sufficient  to  give  the  definite  maple  flavor, 
yet  such  syrups  are  sold  under  such  a  guise  as  to 


168  1001    TESTS 


indicate  to  the  consumer  that  they  are  largely  the 
product  of  maple.  The  pure  food  law  has  proved 
to  be  a  great  protection  to  the  buyers  of  maple  and 
other  syrups,  but  it  is  not  as  complete  a  protection 
as  could  be  hoped.  The  consumer  who  goes  into  a 
grocery  store  to-day  and  asks  for  syrup  is  not  very 
apt  to  get  an  article  which  properly  bears  that 
name.  He  is  more  likely  to  secure  a  mixture  of 
different  kinds  of  syrups  than  to  secure  a  pure 
cane,  maple  or  sorghum  product. 

The  use  of  sulphur  fumes  in  clarifying  saccha- 
rine juices  and  of  solutions  of  salts  of  tin  in 
whitening  sugar  in  the  centrifugal  machines,  in- 
troduces into  the  residual  molasses  these  two  ob- 
jectionable products.  Any  notable  quantity  of 
these  products,  especially  of  sulphur  dioxide  would 
lead  to  the  placing  of  the  article  in  the  noncom- 
mittal or  disapproved  classes.  With  misgivings, 
I  have  starred  samples  of  molasses  containing  not 
over  0.007  per  cent,  of  sulphur  dioxide,  according 
them  the  lowest  rating  for  a '  ^  star ' '  product,  to  this 
extent  overlooking  this  minute  amount  of  sulphur 
dioxide,  because  of  the  otherwise  exceptionally 
good  qualities  of  the  product  and  the  condition  of 
the  trade  and  official  rulings  on  this  point. 

Honey  is  composed  almost  exclusively  of  invert 
sugar,  which  is  gathered  by  bees  from  flowers  and 


SUGARS,    SYRUPS,    ETC.  169 

stored  in  the  comb.  The  temptation  to  adulterate, 
especially  the  strained  honeys,  is  great,  inasmuch 
as  the  addition  of  glucose,  of  a  syrup  made  from 
invert  sugar,  or  of  pure  cane  sugar  syrup  can  be 
profitably  practiced.  These  forms  of  adultera- 
tion, however,  are  easily  detected  by  the  chemist 
and  the  practice  is  much  less  prevalent  than  was 
formerly  the  case. 

TESTED  SUGARS  AND  SACCHARINE 
PRODUCTS 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Adirondacks  Maple  Company,  Lowville,  Lewis  County, 
N.  Y. 
(N)  Pride  of  the  Ad-i-ron-dacks  Maple  Syrup. 
{Claims  to  he  ^^ absolutely  pure.''  The  ash 
and  other  distinctive  determinations  were  either 
below  the  average  data  established  for  first-class 
syrups  or  even  below  the  minimum,  A  ^^bor- 
der-line" product.) 

American  Sugar  Refining  Company. 

*  Crystal  Domino  Sugar, 

^  Crystal  Domino  Confectioner's  Sugar. 

*  Crystal  Domino  Granulated  Extra  Fine  Sugar. 
^  Crystal  Domino  Powdered  Sugar. 

*  Crystal  Domino  Cane  Sugar  Syrup.     {Largely  in- 


170  1001    TESTS 


vert   sugar   with  probably   a   little    refiner's 
syrup,) 

Corn  Products  Refining  Company,  New  York,  N.  T. 

(D)  Karo,  Dark  Colored.  (Largely  glucose,  with  ap- 
proximately 10  to  15  per  cent,  of  refiner ^s 
syrup,  the  last  product  of  the  sugar  refinery. 
Not  a  true  edible  syrup,  as  it  consists  largely 
of  dextrin,  which  is  not  a  sugar  at  all,  and 
the  standards  and  usage  require  that  an  edible 
syrup  should  be  a  sugar  or  saccharine  product. 
Not  a  ^^corn  syrup''  but  a  ^^corn  starch  syrup," 
or  commercial  glucose  flavored  with  refiner's 
syrup.) 

(D)  Karo,  Light  Colored.  {Consists  largely  of  glu- 
cose and  approximately  10  per  cent,  of  sugar 
syrup  and  flavoring  material,  vanilla.  The 
comment  made  above  applies  to  this  product 
also.) 

DufF,  P.,  and  Sons,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

*  New    Orleans   Molasses.     (Minute    quantities    of 

sulphur  dioxide  and  tin  present.) 

Heam  and  Jones,  New  Orleans,  La. 

iir  Woman's  Club  Brand,  Pure  Molasses.  (Minute 
quantities  of  sulphtir  dioxide  and  tin  present.) 
Humbert  and  Andrews,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

:*r  Acme  Brand  Pure  Strained  Honey. 

Leggett,  Francis  H.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Premier  Brand  Strained  Honey. 


SUGARS,  SYRUPS,  ETC.  171 

Leslie-Durham  and  Company. 

(N)  Leslie's  Maple  Syrup.     (A  harder  line  product, 
mineral  ingredients  are  too  low  for  a  first-class 
maple  syrup;  either  a  very  poor  run  or  a  mix- 
ture.) 
Love,  J.  S.,  Hattiesburg,  Miss. 

it  Pure  Cane  Molasses.     {Really  a  high  grade  cane 
syrup,  incorrectly  called  molasses,) 

New  England  Maple  Syrup  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

*  Golden  Tree  Pure  Honey. 

(N)  Vermont  Maple  Sap  Syrup.  {A  border  line 
product.  Claims  ^^  choicest  quality,  absolutely 
pure,'^  which  it  is  not.  May  have  been  the  last 
run  of  the  sap,  or  the  product  of  a  poor  sea- 
son.) 

Park  and  Tilford,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Amber  Syrup.     (A  pure  sugar  solution.    Term 

^^ amber''  slightly  misleading,  as  there  is  a  rec- 
ognized variety  of  sorghum  syrup  bearing  that 
name.) 
Penick  and  Ford,  New  Orleans,  La. 

*  Velva  Brand  Breakfast  Syrup.     {Green  label.) 
(D)  Velva  Syrup.     {A  mixed  glucose  and  cane  syrup, 

glucose  being  the  main  ingredient  (40  per 
cent.).  Contains  more  sucrose  than  Kara  but 
the  same  type  of  product.  A  sub-label  declares 
the  presence  of  ^'corn  syrup.''  Misleading  be- 
cause ^^ Velva  Brand"  breakfast  syrup  is  a  true 


17^  1001    TESTS 


syrup  while  this  is  a  cheap  mixture  sold  under 
the  same  brand  name.) 

Stromeyer,  J.,  and  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*  Stromeyer  Brand  *'Penn  Mar"  of  Fancy  Table 

Syrup.  (A  good  sugar  syrup  with  a  little  high 
grade  refiner's  syrup  added;  generally  extrav- 
agant claims  made  for  its  fame  and  delicious- 
ness.) 

Towle  Maple  Products  Company,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 
(D)  Log  Cabin  Syrup.  (Barely  flavored  with  maple. 
Analysis  shows  almost  none  present.  The 
Towle  process  appears  to  ^'mellow  and  preserve 
the  delicate  maple  flavor' '  chiefly  iy  exclud- 
ing the  maple.  Claim  appears  to  he  decidedly 
misleading  though  statement  is  made  on  label 
^^Made  of  pure  cane  sugar  and  maple  sugar.'') 

Vagt,  R.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

*  Emerson  Brand  Pure  Honey. 

Vermont  Maple  Sugar  Maker's  Market,  Randolph,  Ver- 
mont. 
(N)  Vermont  Maple  Syrup.  (A  border  line  product, 
deficient  in  the  mineral  substances,  which  are 
characteristic  of  a  true,  high-grade  maple 
syrup.) 

Welch  Brothers  Maple  Company,  Burlington,  Vt. 
(N)  Vermont  Maple  Syrup.     (A  border  line  product, 
deficient  in  the  mineral  substances,  character- 
istic of  a  high-grade  maple  syrup.) 


XVIII 

TOILET  ARTICLES 

COLD  CEEAMS 

MANY  are  tlie  inquiries  received  concerning 
the  relative  merits  of  cold  creams,  the  beau- 
tifying claims  made  for  them,  the  best  types  to  be 
used,  which  ones  will  grow  hair  on  the  face  and 
which  will  not,  presence  of  harmful  ingredients, 
etc. 

There  are  three  principal  types  of  cold  creams ; 
first,  the  grease  creams,  which  have  a  base  of 
petroleum  or  vaseline,  with  a  little  wax  and  sper- 
maceti, which  is  the  commonest  type ;  second,  the 
greaseless  or  ^ Vanishing"  creams  which  consist 
chiefly  of  glycerin  ^nd  soap ;  and  third,  the  casein 
preparations,  such  as  the  Pompeian  cream.  If 
the  massaging  with  cold  creams  causes  hair  to 
grow  on  the  face  it  is  due  to  the  stimulation  of  the 
circulation  rather  than  to  the  grease.  This  theory 
has  led  nearly  all  makers  of  face  creams  loudly  to 
denounce  their  competitors'  products,  as  ^^Hair- 
growing  creams,"  while  declaring  that  their  own 
will  **not  promote  the  growth  of  down  on  the 

173 


174  1001    TESTS 


face. ' '  It  is  safe  to  say  that  one  is  no  more  harm- 
ful than  another  in  this  particular.  It  cannot  be 
said  that  any  one  type  is  any  better  than  another 
in  general.  The  selection  of  a  cold  cream  depends 
entirely  upon  the  needs  of  the  individual  skin,  the 
climate  (dry  high  altitudes,  wind  and  dust,  calling 
especially  for  such  massage),  amou-it  of  outdoor 
exercise  and  exposure,  etc.  For  some  skins 
glycerin  is  agreeable  and  soothing  and  for  others  it 
is  not.  This  is  something  which  must  be  deter- 
mined by  experiment.  The  chief  objections  to 
these  products  are  the  altogether  ridiculous  claims 
made  for  them.  It  is  well  enough  to  cleanse  the 
pores  of  the  skin  thoroughly  by  massage  with  a 
cold  cream,  thus  offsetting  the  drying  or  roughen- 
ing effects  of  wind  and  weather,  stimulating  the 
circulation  and  rendering  the  flesh  more  firm. 
Further  than  this  they  have  no  efficacy ;  they  will 
not  ** rejuvenate  the  countenance"  nor  perform 
any  miracles  of  healing,  nor  will  they  ^^  overcome 
pimples  or  eruptions,"  which  are  nearly  always 
due  to  the  general  health  and  condition  of  the 
blood.  Where  such  claims  were  very  misleading, 
the  product  has  been  disapproved,  which  does  not 
mean  that  it  is  harmful  in  itself.  Many  of  these 
creams  contain  some  boric  acid  as  an  antiseptic, 
perfume,  water,  soap,  etc.    The  peroxide  creams, 


TOILET   ARTICLES  176 

so-called,  are  usually  misbranded,  owing  to  the  fact 
that  the  peroxide,  even  if  it  has  been  added  in  good 
faith,  as  is  sometimes  the  case,  is  present  in  such 
unstable  form  that  it  quickly  decomposes  and  loses 
its  eflSiciency.  None  is  found  in  the  finished  prod- 
uct, and  therefore,  no  bleaching  effect  will  be  pro- 
duced by  the  majority  of  the  creams  as  found  on 
the  market. 

It  has  been  established  in  the  courts  in  connec- 
tion with  a  case  brought  against  Sartoin,  a  so- 
called  *^skin  food,"  that  this  claim  is  not  permis- 
sible and  that  you  cannot  feed  the  skin  by  external 
applications.  The  skin  must  be  fed  by  assimilation 
from  within.  In  the  Notice  of  Judgment  published 
in  regard  to  this  product,  the  statement  was  made 
that  ** there  is  no  such  thing  as  a  ^skin  food'  sep- 
arate and  apart  from  a  food  that  nourishes  all 
parts  of  the  body";  ^'said  article  and  preparation 
could  not  possibly  be  a  food  under  any  circum- 
stances." This  particular  product,  incidentally, 
consisted  of  epsom  salts,  colored  pink  and  was  of- 
fered as  a  skin  food,  whereas  many  of  the  bath 
mixtures  offered  as  reduction  cures,  have  the  same 
constituent.  Strange  that  the  same  preparation 
should  reduce  the  weight  under  one  label  and 
^^feed  the  tissues"  under  another.  This  is  a  good 
example  of  the  foolish  conflicting  claims  made  for 


176  1001    TESTS 


these  simple  preparations.  *^ Madame  Yale's" 
skin  food  was  76  per  cent,  vaseline,  mixed  with 
fixed  oil  and  zinc  oxide,  perfumed  and  colored  pink. 
The  courts  declared  that  the  statement:  ^'It  is 
soothing  in  its  effect  on  the  skin,  healing  as  a 
magic  balm  and  fattening  in  its  qualities"  was 
false  and  misleading  in  that  ^Hhe  said  drug  is  sim- 
ply an  ordinary  ointment."  It  is  strange  in  the 
face  of  these  facts  that  the  makers  of  cold  creams 
will  continue  to  make  such  obviously  false  claims 
for  their  harmless,  simple  products. 

The  following  is  the  pharmacopceial  formula  for 
a  cold  cream,  which  any  one  can  have  put  up  at  a 
drug  store;  or  a  petrolatum  product  may  be 
bought  in  bulk  as  used  by  the  theatrical  profession, 
much  more  cheaply  than  when  bought  in  small 
fancy  packages. 

Ointment  of  Rose  Water 

Spermaceti    125  grams. 

White  Wax   120      '' 

Expressed  Oil  of  Almond 560       *' 

Sodium  Borate   5       ** 

Stronger  Rose  Water 190       '' 


To  make  about  (2  lbs.  3  oz.) .  1000  grams. 

The  only  really  dangerous  products  among  the 
cold  creams  are  the  so-called  freckle  creams,  which 


TOILET    ARTICLES 177 

contain  ammoniated  mercury,  a  poisonous  ingredi- 
ent which  causes  the  skin  to  peel  and  takes  the 
freckle  with  it.  The  different  types  of  cold  creams 
have  been  indicated  in  the  list  for  the  guidance  of 
the  buyer. 

TESTED  TOILET  PREPARATIONS  * 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicate!  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D) ,  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

COLD  CREAMS 

American  Druggists'  Syndicate,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 
(D)  A.  D.  S.  Antiseptic  Shaving  Cream,     (Consists  of 
a  semi-liquid  soap  containing  a  small  amount 
of   ienzaldehyde    and   glycerin.    Extravagant 
claims  decrying  soap,  when  it  is  merely  a  soap 
preparation.    Antiseptic  value  slight.) 
(D)  Peredixo  Cream.     (Soap,  water  and  starch;  no 
peroxide  found.     Claims  to  be  ^^The  original 
Peroxide  Cream,' ^  and  to  contain  '^peredixo/' 
a  great  healing  agent,  unwarranted.) 
Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Creme  Luxor.  (The  usual  type  of  *' vanishing'^ 
cream  containing  glycerin  and  soap.  A  good 
product    still    handicapped    with    extravagant 

*  These  are  in  no  sense  complete  statements  of  analyses ;  only 
the  most  essential  and  characteristic  ingredients  are  mentioned. 


178  1001    TESTS 


cldims  such  as  ^'rejuvenates/^  ^'healing/' 
though  former  labels  implying  ''skin  nourish- 
ment'' hxffve  been  withdrawn. 
(N)  Luxor  Cold  Cream.  {A  white  petrolatum  and 
wax  product,  of  good  quality,  perfumed;  mis- 
leading statements  to  the  effect  that  it  is  "un- 
equaled/'  "soothes  all  irritations  of  the  skin," 
"rejuvenates,"  etc,  still  remain,  though  the 
"skin  food"  claims,  etc.,  have  been  withdrawn.) 

B.  H.  Company,  The,  Boston,  Mass. 

"At  Priscilla  Parsons  Cold  Cream.     (Consists  of  white 

petrolatum,   wax,    and    boric    add   perfumed, 

"for  general  use.") 
ir  Priscilla  Parsons  Liquid  Cream.     (Borax,  stearic 

acid  and  glycerin,  perfumed;  "A  skin  cleanser 

for    tourists";    no    misleading    claims.     Good 

products  and  dignified  labeling.) 

Colgate  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

"At  Cold  Cream.  (Fat,  petrolatum,  wax,  soap,  and 
perfume.  Claim  that  it  is  "unequaled"  is  not 
warranted.) 

Crane,  James  C,  108  Fulton  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
*  Creme  Elcaya.  (A  good  glycerin  and  soap  prod- 
uct, perfumed.  Statement  that  it  "will  not  pro- 
mote growth  of  hair  like  the  usual  cold  creams" 
is  objectionable;  "renders  skin  soft,  white  and 
beautiful"  is  also  mildly  extravagant.) 


TOILET    ARTICLES  179 

Daggett  and  Ramsdell,  New  York,  N.  T. 

i^  Perfect  Cold  Cream.  {Fat,  wax,  petrolatum,  soap 
and  perfume.  Typical  of  a  good  grease  cream. 
Superlative  statements  that  it  is  ^^unequaled 
for  massage" — ^^The  best  of  all  applications/^ 
etc.,  unwarranted.) 

De  Meridor  Company,  The,  New  York  and  Paris. 
(D)  Creme  de  Meridor.  {The  soap  and  glycerin 
type,  perfumed,  containing  73  per  cent,  of 
water,  no  fat  or  wax.  Impossible  claims  as  to 
stimulating  and  nourishing  the  skin,  and  over- 
coming sallowness,  freckles,  eruptions,  etc.;  un- 
warranted inference  that  greasy  creams  deaden 
and  injure  the  skin.  Revision  of  claims  in 
progress.) 

Espey,  J.  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

ic  Fragrant  Cream,  Espey's.  {A  very  pleasing  glyc- 
erin and  Irish  moss  compound  borated.  Ex- 
treme quality  claims  and  use  of  superlatives 
are  deprecated.  Said  to  be  the  ^^only  perfect 
substitute  for  glycerin,'^  when  it  contains  glyc- 
erin.) 

Fay,  C,  Paris. 

(N)  Creme  Imperatrice.  {A  saponifiable  fat,  colored 
pink  and  perfumed,  containing  some  zinc  ozid§ 
and  bismuth  subcarbonate.  Absurd  claims  as 
to  preventing  and  concealing  wrinkles  and 
freckles.  No  special  advantage  over  cold  cream 
for  general  use,  as  claimed.) 


180  1001    TESTS 


Franco-American  Hygienic  Company,  Chicago,  111. 
(N)  Hygienic  Creme  Eogiene.  {A  good  glycerin 
preparation  containing  boric  acid,  soap  and 
water.  Meaningless  claims  that  it  will  '^impart 
a  transparent  effect  not  achievable  by  any  other 
treatment.") 

Gannon,  E.  M.,  Woodside,  N.  J.,  or  W.  M.  Willett,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

(D)  Wakelees  Camelline.  {A  suspension  of  bismuth 
subcarbonate,  and  calcium  carbonate  in  rose 
water,  colored  pink.  Extravagant  claims  that 
it  will  ^^  remove  eruptions,  sallowness,  restore 
the  color  of  youth,  preserve  the  teeth  from  de- 
cay,''— ^^a  new  discovery,''  etc.) 
01116,  E.,  1  Hamilton  Grange,  New  York. 

(D)  Almond  Skin  Food.  {Saponiflable  fat  with  al- 
mond perfume.  Had  become  rancid;  name  not 
warranted,  in  any  respect.  Improbable  that 
true  almond  is  used  and  there  is  no  such  thing 
as  '^a  skin  food.") 
iic  Disappearing  Cream.  {The  usual  soap  and  glyc- 
erin compound  with  boric  acid  and  perfume.) 

(N)  Lemon  Cleansing  Cream, 

(N)  Strawberry  Beauty  Cream. 

(Fair  quality;  saponiflable  fat,  perfumed 
with  lemon  in  one  case  and  colored  with  co- 
chineal in  the  other.) 


TOILET    ARTICLES  181 

Graham,  Mrs.  Gervaise,  1475  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago, 
lU. 
(D)  Kosmeo.  (Saponifiable  fat  and  perfume.  Of 
only  ordinary  quality;  claims  that  ^^It  has  no 
equal/^  ^^keeps  the  skin  fine  grained/'  not  per- 
missible,) 

Hinds,  A.  S.,  Portland,  Me. 

(N)  Honey  and  Almond  Cream.  (A  good  glycerin 
and  soap  preparation,  containing  tor  ax  and  al- 
cohol; amounts  of  honey  and  almond  are  neg- 
ligible in  the  finished  product.  Could  not  be 
found  by  the  chemist  though  certified  to  be 
added  in  small  amounts.  Considered  mis- 
iranded  for  this  reason.) 

Hubert,  Professor,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

(D)  Hubert's  Malvina.  {One  of  the  dangerous 
freckle  creams,  contains  ammoniated  mercury 
{a  poisonous  salt),  mineral  oil  and  fat;  is  of- 
fered for  salt  rheum,  ring  worm,  etc.,  as  well  as 
for  freckles  and  falling  hair.) 

Imperatrix  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Imperatrix  Skin-Cream.  (Perfumed  lanolin  (fat 
from  sheep's  wool)  especially  absorbent. 
Claims  as  to  efficiency  for  beautifying  the  skin, 
treatment  for  pimples,  black  heads,  etc.,  mildly 
objectionable,) 

Johnson,  B.  J.,  Soap  Company,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

(D)  Palmolive    Cream.     (Petrolatum,    wax,    saponi- 


18£  1001    TESTS 


fiable  fat,  horic  acid  and  perfume.  Most  ex- 
treme claims  are  made  as  to  its  nutritious  prop- 
erties, *'an  actual  iody  food  acting  like  magic, 
healing  in  a  night.''  Name  also  misleading  as 
it  contains  little  if  any  palm  and  olive  oils.  The 
claims,  however,  are  impossible  regardless  of  its 
composition.) 

Keeler,  Charles  C,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

(D)  Superior  Cold  Cream.  {A  petrolatum,  wax,  and 
saponifiaile  fat  product,  perfumed  with  rose 
geranium.  The  claims  that  it  is  ^^The  cream 
that  is  different,"  ^^is  superior  to  all  others  for 
massage  purposes,"  ^' feeds  the  tissues  and  pre- 
vents wrinkles,"  ^^is  the  only  thorough  cleanser 
on  the  market,"  are  not  warranted  in  any  par- 
ticular,) 

Lyon  Manufacturing  Company,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 

(D)  Hagan's  Magnolia  Balm.  {A  glycerin,  zinc  oxide 
and  water  lotion.  Claims  to  he  a  '^secret  aid 
to  beauty,  restore  the  bloom  of  youth  to  faded 
cheeks,  resist  the  ravages  of  time,  eradicate 
freckles,  eruptions,  etc.";  could  do  none  of 
these  things,  obviously. 

Marietta  Stanley  Company,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

(N)  **Sempre  Giovine"  (Always  Young).  (A  solid 
cake  nfiode  of  a  mixture  of  palm  and  other  oils 
for  massage  purposes.  Formerly  very  ex- 
travagant claims  were  made  for  this  product, 


TOILET   ARTICLES  183 

which  have  ieen  notably  moderated.  The  name 
itself  is  somewhat  oijectionable,  as  no  massage 
medium  is  a  ^'fountain  of  eternal  youth.'') 

Plexo  Preparations  Inc.,  New  York  and  Paris. 

*  Plexo  Cleansing  Cream.     (Unsaponifiaile  oil  with 

wax,  perfumed.  General  claims  only  mildly  ex- 
aggerated.) 
(N)  Plexo  Greaseless  Cream.  {Stearic  acid,  soap, 
glycerin,  borax,  and  perfume,  not  entirely 
greaseless,  therefore  not  a  ^'perfect  vanishing 
cream.''  Could  not  give  ^^ healthy,  natural 
color  and  glow,"  as  claimed.) 

Pompeian  Manufacturing  Company,  28  Prospect  Street, 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 
lAr  Massage  Cream.  (Moist  casein  with  henzaldehyde, 
benzoic  acid,  and  a  harmless  pink  dye.  Mod- 
erate claims  made  based  chiefly  on  the  value  of 
the  m^issage.  A  stiff  greaseless  product.) 
Pond's  Extract  Company,  Clinton,  Conn. 

ifcr  Vanishing  Cream.  {A  typical  well  compounded, 
glycerin  and  soap  preparation,  perfumed.) 
Pray,  Dr.  J.  Parker,  12  E.  23rd  street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Van-Ola.  (Zinc  oxide,  mineral  oil,  wax,  fatty 
oil.  Claims  to  be  the  ^^ Finest  compound 
known,"  to  ^^cure  pimples,"  etc.;  composition 
does  not  warrant  claims.) 

*  Dr.  Pray's  Gloria-Lily  Lotion.     (A  preparation 

of  glycerin,  boric  acid,  Irish  moss  and  aromatic 


184f  1001    TESTS 


balsam.    Slightly/  extravagant  claims  as  to  cur- 
ing suniurn,  rough  dry  skin,  etc) 
Pura  Manufacturing  Company,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

(D)  Almond  Dulce  Hymettus  Honey  Cream.  (Free 
fat  and  stearic  acid,  held  as  an  emulsion  with 
soap,  water  and  probably  gum;  borax  and  in- 
vert sugar  present,  perfumed  with  benzalde- 
hyde  and  other  oils.  Nothing  in  composition  to 
warrant  the  claim  that  it  is  a  very  quick  and 
efficient  remedy  for  burns,  scalds  and  skin 
eruptions.  Its  antiseptic  action  is  sUght  and 
honey  and  almond  present  in  very  small 
amounts  if  at  all,) 

Rose  Petal  Wrinkle  Cream  Company,  Eidgefield  Park, 
N.  J. 
(D)  Rose  Petal  Wrinkle  Cream.  (Two  ounces  of  a 
soft  grease  perfumed  with  rose  geranium  and 
sold  for  one  dollar.  Would  have  no  special 
value  in  '^preventing  wrinkles,"  or  in  '^ keep- 
ing the  complexion  fresh  and  youthful  as  com- 
pared with  any  cold  cream.") 

Royal  Manufacturing  Company,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

(D)  Rex  Wrinkle  Pencil.  (Consists  of  petrolatum, 
wax  and  saponifiable  fat  like  lard  or  stearin. 
No  special  efficacy  for  '^ sallow  complexion," 
''large  pores,"  etc.) 

Simon,  J.,  Faubourg  St.  Martin,  59,  Paris. 

*  Creme  Simon.     (Zinc  omde,  glycerin,  and  per- 


TOILET    ARTICLES  186 

fume.    Mildly    objectionable    claims,    such    as 
'^unrivaled  for  care  of  skin/'  etc.) 
Stillman's  Freckle  Cream  Co.,  Aurora,  Ills. 

(D)  Stillman's  Freckle  Cream.  (Another  of  the  ob- 
jectionable freckle  creams  containing  ammoni- 
ated  mercury. ) 

To-Kalon  Manufacturing  Company,  Inc.,  New  York, 
London  and  Paris. 
(D)  Creme  Tokalon.  (This  cream  consists  of  water, 
glycerin,  boric  acid  and  considerable  free  fatty 
acids,  probably  a  mixture  of  stearic  and  pal- 
mitic  with  a  little  gummy  substance,  possibly 
Irish  nfioss.  No  soap  is  present  and  no  oils  or 
fats.  A  good  glycerin  preparation  with  im- 
possible claims,  such  as  ^^ Possesses  astonishing 
properties  for  quickly  restoring  the  appearance 
of  youth,"  ^^ Meets  all  the  requirements  of  both 
health  and  beauty,''  '^ After  one  application 
over  night  will  produce  most  astonishing  re- 
sults," etc) 


HAIR  TONICS,  SHAMPOOS,  ETC. 

Few  hair  tonics  are  injurious,  but  fewer  still  can 
fulfill  the  claims  that  are  made  for  them.  A  hair 
tonic  is  usually  an  alcoholic  solution  of  some  of  the 
bodies  (such  as  resorcin,  cantharides,  and  pilo- 
carpin),  believed  to  have  some  stimulative  effect 
on  the  scalp.  They  owe  their  efficiency  in  no  small 
degree  to  the  massage  with  which  they  are  applied. 
In  hair  health,  as  in  body  health,  the  treatment 
must  be  fitted  to  the  conditions  and  therein  lies  the 
weakness  of  all  such  generalized  treatments.  The 
health  of  the  hair  depends  to  a  great  extent  upon 
the  health  of  the  body,  nervous  condition,  circula- 
tion of  the  blood,  etc.,  and  where  this  is  the  case, 
obviously  external  treatment  is  only  palliative.  It 
cannot  cure.  One  person's  hair  may  be  too  dry 
and  another  too  oily.  Is  it  common  sense  to  apply 
the  same  treatment  to  both?  In  one  case  a  little 
carbolated  vaseline  massaged  into  the  scalp  might 
be  of  more  benefit  than  a  drying  alcoholic  tonic. 
The  stimulative  principles,  when  they  are  expen- 
sive, are  usually  present  in  very  small  amounts. 
We  are  not  going  into  the  hair  tonic  business,  but 
suggest  the  following  formula  put  up  with  water 

186 


TOILET   ARTICLES  187 

instead  of  alcohol,  as  one  having  general  stimula- 
tive principles:  Pilocarpin  nitrate,  1  gram;  re- 
sorcin,  25  grams ;  water,  500  grams. 

As  for  the  various  shampoo  powders  which  de- 
pend upon  washing  soda  and  borax  to  dry  out  the 
hair  and  give  the  fluffy  effect  promised,  they  must 
certainly  be  injurious  if  their  use  is  long  contin- 
ued. They  are  expensive  and  the  claims  made 
for  them  are  not  true.  Nearly  all  of  the  tonics 
claiming  to  *^ restore  the  color  of  the  hair''  with- 
out dyeing  it  depend  upon  the  interaction  of  lead 
acetate  and  sulphur  to  brown  the  hair.  Lead 
acetate  is  a  poisonous  salt  and  while  the  actual 
injury  done  will  vary  with  the  individual  suscep- 
tibility, the  extent  to  which  the  tonic  is  used,  etc., 
it  cannot  be  considered  a  legitimate  ingredient  of 
a  product  to  be  rubbed  into  the  scalp. 

Black  hair  dyes  frequently  contain  nitrate  of 
silver,  which  while  less  poisonous  than  lead,  is  still 
dangerous  when  used  by  the  inexperienced.  Seri- 
ous consequences  frequently  follow  the  constant 
use  of  such  products,  the  damage  varying  with  the 
individual  susceptibility.  No  hair  dyes  can  be 
recommended.  As  one  eminent  dermatologist  has 
said,  *'The  only  sensible  thing  to  do  with  gray  hair 
is  to  admire  if  Dyeing  is  unesthetic,  as  well  as 
unhygienic.    The  hair   soon  becomes   dead  and 


188  1001    TESTS 


dingy  in  color  and  repeated  applications  of  tlie  dye 
must  be  made,  so  that  the  results  are  undesirable 
from  the  standpoint  of  beauty,  as  well  as  from 
that  of  cleanliness  and  health. 

TESTED  HAIR  TONICS,  SHAMPOOS,  ETC.* 

(8 tarred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (^)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Alexander  and  Mendes,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

ik  Brilliantine  (Carnation).     {Merely  an  unsapom- 
fiaUe  oil,  perfumed  with  cloves.    Harmless  hut 
no  lasting  efficacy.) 
American  Druggists  Syndicate,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 
^  A.  D.  S.  Liquid  Shampoo.     (A  liquid  soap  contain- 
ing about  60  per  cent,  of  water.) 

Empress  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York  City. 
(D)  Empress  Improved  Instantaneous  Hair  Color 
Restorer.  (A  solution  of  paratoluylene  diamine 
with  sodium  sulphite  and  sodium  hydroxide. 
Ammonium  persulphate  is  also  present.  One 
of  the  least  objectionahle  anilin  dyes  but  could 
not  be  guaranteed  to  be  noninjurious  in  all 
cases.  Statement  that  it  is  ^^  absolutely  harm- 
less*^ and  ^'perfectly  hygienic''  could  not  be 
guaranteed  for  this  or  any  other  hair  dye.  Is 
not  a  ^^ color  restorer''  but  a  dye.) 
*  These  are  in  no  sense  complete  statements  of  analyses ;  only 

the  most  essential  and  characteristic  ingredients  are  mentioned. 


TOILET    ARTICLES  189 

Gille,  E.,  1  Hamilton  Grange,  New  York,  N.  T. 

(N)  Dandruff  Salve.  {Fat  perfumed  with  oil  of 
cloves.  No  special  claims  made;  of  no  more 
value  than  any  good  vaseline.) 

(D)  Shampoo  (Spun  Gold). 

(D)  Tonic  (Spun  Gold). 

(A  deliberate  deception,  as  the  shampoo  is  es- 
pecially stated  to  he  not  a  bleach,  which  is 
true,  but  the  accompanying  ^^tonic''  is  nothing 
more  nor  less  than  the  regular  bleach,  peroxide, 
containing  acetanilid.) 

Giroux  Manufacturing  Company,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

"A'  Parisian  Sage  Hair  Tonic.  {No  harmful  ingre- 
dients present.  Contains  glycerin,  capsicum 
and  very  little  sage,  name  hardly  justified. 
Small  amounts  of  resorcin  and  cantharides  in- 
dicated. The  claims  made  in  the  advertising 
material  are  moderate,  as  they  should  be.) 

Hall,  R.  P.,  and  Company,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

(N)  Hairs  Hair  Renewer.  {No  lead  and  true  to 
label.  Moderate  claims  made,  ^^For  the  treat- 
ment of  falling  hair,''  etc.,  but  ''Restores  hair 
in  the  majority  of  cases,"  too  strong  for  any 
hair  tonic.) 

Hiscox  Chemical  Works,  Patchogue,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Parker's  Hair  Balsam.  {A  solution  of  lead 
acetate  with  suspended  sulphur.  The  lead  salt- 
is  poisonous.) 


190  1001    TESTS 


Johnson,  B.  J.,  Soap  Company,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

(N)  Palm-Olive  Shampoo.  (No  constituent  found 
which  justified  the  name.  Soap  and  glycerin 
present  with  alcohol  as  declared.) 

Lavox  Company,  The,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Lavox  Shampoo  powder.  (Soap  and  borax. 
Claims  that  it  does  not  make  the  hair  dry  and 
brittle  and  should  be  used  once  a  week  and 
does  not  destroy  the  oil  of  the  scalp,  obviously 
misleading.) 

Peterson,  H.  S.,  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Canthrox.  (Merely  borax,  soap  and  washing 
soda.  A  mixture  that  would  dry  out  the  oil 
of  the  scalp  very  materially  and  be  injurious  in 
time,  if  continuously  used.  Price  out  of  all 
proportion  to  cost.) 

Philo  Hay  Specialties  Company,  Newark,  N.  J. 

(D)  Hay's  Hair  Health.  (Another  solution  of  sul- 
phur and  lead  acetate,  the  latter  deemed  dan- 
gerous.) 

Pinaud,  Ed.,  18  Place  Vendome,  Paris. 

*  Eau  de  Quinine.  (An  alcoholic  extract  of  qui- 
nine, delicately  perfumed.  Amount  of  quinine 
present  is  very  small  and  its  tonic  properties 
are  problematic.  Claims,  however,  are  mod- 
erate, as  they  should  be.) 

Seele-Thompson  Company,  New  York. 

(D)  Mme.  Seele's  French  Hair  Bluing.     (Harmless, 


TOILET   ARTICLES  191 

hut  claims  to  be  not  a  dye  or  stain  while  it  is 
in  reality  methyl  violet,  a  coal  tar  dye.) 

Tokalan,  Inc.,  New  York. 

(D)  Lavona  (de  Composee).  (A  liquid  in  a  three 
ounce  bottle,  consisting  essentially  of  alcohol 
25  per  cent.,  salicylic  acid,  glycerin,  some 
saponin-like  substance  {probably  present  as 
quillaja — soap  bark  tree — extract),  a  suggestion 
of  oil  of  bay,  and  water.  No  alkaloids,  caf- 
fein  nor  tannin  present.  Claims  that  it  is^'an 
unrivaled  hair  tonic"  and  '^contains  the  most 
efficacious  drug  known  for  stimulating  the  ac- 
tivity  of  the  hair  growing  follicles  as  well  as  the 
pigment-forming  cells,''  unwarranted.) 

Vibert,  F.,  Lyons,  France. 

(D)  Petrole  Hahn  for  the  Hair.  (About  %2  of  the 
volume  of  the  liquid  is  mineral  oil,  mostly 
kerosene;  contains  no  metals  nor  resorcin;  essen- 
tially alcohol,  water,  mineral  oil,  with  per- 
fuming and  pungent  oils  and  some  resinous 
drug.  The  small  amount  of  mineral  oil  preSf 
ent  might  have  some  antiseptic  value,  but  the 
claims  that  ^^  without  any  exaggeration  the  ac- 
tion of  Petrole  Hahn  may  be  described  as  m/ir- 
velous,''  ^^It  is  indispensable  to  all  who  value 
and  wish  to  retain  abundant  hair,''  ^'to  retain 
its  natural  color,  etc.,"  are  untenable.) 


192  1001    TESTS 


Warden  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Ward's  Dandni-Cide  Shampoo.  (Ten  cents' 
worth  of  crystallized  washing  soda  sold  for  one 
dollar.  Altogether  too  harsh  and  drying  an 
alkali  for  use  as  a  shampoo  and  the  price  is 
exorbitant.  Claims  to  be  ^^a  magical  prepara- 
tion/' ^^unsurpassed  for  treatment  of  an  itch- 
ing  scalp/'  ^^The  world  famous  dandruff  de- 
stroyer," etc.) 

Waldeyer  and  Betts,  170  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 
(N)  Swedish  Hair  Powder.  {Merely  talc,  starch,  and 
powdered  orris,  used  to  remove  the  oil  of  the 
hair  by  brushing.  Harmless  but  hardly  ^^A 
shampoo  substitute.") 

Wildroot  Chemical  Company,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Dandruff  Remedy,  Wildroot.  {Contains  arsenic, 
and  some  phenolic  bodn^,  probaily  resorcin;  per- 
fumed and  colored.  The  trace  of  alkaloidal 
material  present  was  too  small  for  identifica- 
tion. Contains  40  per  cent,  of  alcohol,  as  de- 
clared, and  less  than  y^  ^f  ^^^  P^^  cent,  of  non- 
volatile matter.  Claims  that  it  is  an  herb  com^ 
pound  and  a  positive  remedy  for  eczema  and 
dandruff  obviously  untenable.) 


MISCELLANEOUS  PREPARATIONS 

These  miscellaneous  toilet  preparations  present 
but  little  opportunity  for  comment,  except  that  the 
depilatories  and  perspiration  preventatives  are  of 
dubious  efficacy,  and  of  very  doubtful  healthful- 
ness.  Perspiration  should  not  be  checked  and  the 
products  used  to  bring  this  about  are  usually  irri- 
tating and  contract  the  pores  so  that  a  double  harm 
may  be  done. 

Many  inquiries  are  received  in  regard  to  the 
depilatories.  They  nearly  all  depend  upon  sodium 
or  barium  sulphide,  which  removes  the  hair  super- 
ficially, with  more  or  less  danger,  varying  with  the 
frequency  of  its  use,  the  amount  applied,  and  the 
sensitiveness  of  the  individual  skin.  As  long  as 
the  root  of  the  hair  is  not  destroyed,  the  hair  will 
return  and  the  claims  made  for  these  products  are 
out  of  all  proportion  to  their  ejfficiency.  Nearly 
always  fancifully  named  toilet  preparations  con- 
tain simple,  well  known  ingredients  for  which  ex- 
travagant claims  are  made  and  an  exorbitant 
price  is  charged.  They  are  usually  harmless,  ex- 
cept in  so  far  as  one^s  time  and  money  are  wasted 
and  only  disappointment  ensues. 

193 


194  1001    TESTS 


TESTED  MISCELLANEOUS  PREPARATIONS  * 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  IlL 

(N)  Luxor  Bath  Powder.  {Fifty  cents  is  an  exorbir 
tant  price  for  a  package  of  crystallized^  per- 
fumed, washing  soda.  Is  not  ^'exhilarating  and 
invigorating/^  as  formerly  claimed.) 

B.  H.  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(D)  Priscilla  Parsons  Perspiration  Preventative.  (A 
water  solution  of  zinc  chloride.  Might  he  irri- 
tating, which  fact  is  virtually  admitted  on  the 
label.  The  artificial  checking  of  perspiration 
hy  possibly  irritating  substances  cannot  be  con- 
sidered hygienic.) 

B.  and  P.  Company,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

(N)  Wrinkle  Eradicator.  {Merely  sheets  of  perfor- 
ated court  plaster;  mechanically  may  have  some 
value  in  stretching  the  skin,  but  the  claims  as 
to  medication  are  not  substantiated.) 

De  Miracle  Chemical  Co.,  New  York  City. 

(D)  De  Miracle  Depilatory.     {An  aqueous  solution 

•These  are  in  no  sense  complete  statements  of  analyses;  only 
the  most  essential  and  characteristic  ingredients  are  mentioned. 


TOILET    ARTICLES  196 

of  sodium  sulphide,  containing  dissolved  sul- 
phur with  a  trace  of  sodium  sulphite  and  per- 
fumed  with  hay  rum.  Very  extravagant  claims 
are  made  for  this  simple  preparation,  which 
merely  removes  the  hair  superficially,) 

Dry  Pits  Lotion  Company,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

(D)  Dry  Pits  Lotion.  {Two  and  one-half  ounces  of 
aluminum  chloride  in  water.  Price  on  label 
$1.  An  extravagant  preparation  of  doubtful 
efficacy  and  healthfulness.  Checking  of  per- 
spiration by  these  astringents  cannot  be  con- 
sidered harmless.) 

Floridine  Manufacturing  Company,  42  Franklin  Street, 
New  York. 

(N)  Lustr-ite  Nail  Enamel.     {A  harmless  infusorial 
earth  for  polishing  the  finger  nails;  exaggerated 
claims.) 
Forquignon     Manufacturing    Company,    New    York, 
N.  Y. 

(N)  F.  B.  Foronga  Nail  Bleach.  {Tartaric  acid  and 
boric  acid,  colored  with  a  green  coal  tar  dye. 
Therefore  the  claim  *^ purely  vegetable''  is  not 
warranted.  Is  slightly  antiseptic  and  non- 
injurious. 

(N)  F.  B.  Polpasta  Nail  Enamel.  {Petrolatum  with 
pumice  stone,  boric  acid  and  soluble  dye.  Anti- 
septic and  preservative  virtues  claimed  are  very 
slight.) 


196  1001    TESTS 


Miihlens  and  Kropff,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
*  Eau  de  Cologne  Sea  Salt. 

Mum  Manufacturing  Company,  1106  Chestnut  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(N)  Mum  (Deodorant).  (A  harmless  deodorant  con- 
sisting of  fat  with  benzoic  acid  and  zinc  oxide. 
No  special  claims  made.  Efficacious  in  some 
cases.) 

Murray,  Joseph  T.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Beaux  Yeux.  {A  glycerol  of  pepsin,  colored 
with  cochineal  and  flavored  with  oil  of  rose. 
The  pepsin  present  is  in  an  active  state  and 
was  found  to  digest  egg  albumen.  Would 
brighten  the  eyes  only  when  natural  pepsin  was 
lacking,  and  dull  eyes  were  due  to  indigestion! 
A  most  overrated  product  as  it  could  not  '^in- 
tensify the  natural  color  of  the  eyes  and  make 
them  very  brilliant.'^) 

Odorono  Company,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

(D)  Odor-0-No.  {Essentially  a  solution  of  alumi- 
num chloride,  with  a  little  free  hydrochloric 
acid,  and  a  trace  of  bromid,  artificially  col- 
ored; 1%  fluid  ounces  sold  for  fifty  cents.  It 
may  clog  the  pores  and  irritate  the  skin.  The 
*' Journal  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion'^ declares  the  preparation  to  be  ''both 
fraudulent  and  dangerous.^') 


TOILET    ARTICLES  197 

Pray,  Dr.  J.  Parker,  12  E.  23rd  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
"A  Diamond  Nail  Enamel.  {Infusorial  earth,  eosin 
(coloring).  Claim  ^^a  brilliancy  equal  to  dia- 
monds," is  obviously  a  flight  of  fancy.) 

(D)  Ongoline.  (Tartaric  acid  and  orange  flower 
water;  claims  to  be  a  new  compound  having 
special  efficacy  and  warns  against  oxalic  acid, 
which  is  more  efficacious  and  while  poisonous  is 
not  injurious  for  external  use.) 

(D)  Rosaline.  (Essentially  fat,  wax  and  eosin  (col- 
oring). The  claims  that  it  is  '^A  skin  beauti- 
fier,  containing  high  medicinal  virtues,' '  that 
it  '^preserves  the  skin,''  and  is  '^superior  to 
any  rouge,"  are  entirely  unwarranted,) 

Stenzie  Manufacturing  Company,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
(D)  Stenzie.  (A  plastic  mixture  of  colophony,  with 
some  balsam  and  a  small  quantity  of  pink  dye. 
The  price  $1.50  is  exorbitant.  The  hair  is  re- 
moved superficially,  merely  by  applying  the 
preparation  in  a  plastic  condition  and  stripping 
it  off  after  it  has  hardened,  which  would  ap- 
pear to  be  a  rather  crude  and  painful  process 
of  removing  hair,) 


PERFUMES 

Chemical  analysis  gives  but  little  information 
concerning  perfumes.  Only  an  expert  can  satis- 
factorily differentiate  between  these  as  to  quality. 
The  tests  made  were  merely  to  determine  in  a  gen- 
eral way  the  delicacy  of  the  perfume.  Some  syn- 
thetic blends  are  so  carefully  made  that  only  a 
well  trained  olfactory  nerve  could  distinguish 
them  from  the  true  flower  essence.  In  other  cases, 
as  with  the  violet,  for  example,  the  true  perfume 
and  the  artificial  ionone  used  to  simulate  it,  are 
quite  easily  distinguished.  Very  occasionally  the 
point  is  raised  that  refined  methyl  or  wood  alcohol, 
known  as  Columbian  spirits,  is  used  in  perfumes 
instead  of  ethyl  alcohol.  While  the  refined  spirits 
are  not  so  objectionable  as  the  crude  wood  alcohol, 
which  could  hardly  be  used  because  of  its  odor,  still 
the  action  of  even  the  refined  product  on  the  optic 
nerve  is  such  as  to  render  its  use  in  perfumes  inad- 
missible, as  they  might  be  employed  for  bathing 
the  head  and  eyes,  and  would  be  objectionable  if 
not  dangerous.  Sometimes  a  point  on  excessive 
price,  in  comparison  with  quality  could  be  checked, 
but  for  the  most  part  the  selection  of  a  perfume  is 

198 


TOILET   ARTICLES  1»9 

merely  a  matter  of  personal  preference  and  rela- 
tive expensiveness,  and  no  special  protection  can 
be  afforded  the  consumer  by  an  examination. 

TESTED  PERFUMES 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

American  Druggists'  Syndicate,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Violet   Toilet  Water.     (Colored  green.    Appar- 
ently artificial  odor  not  especially  delicate,) 

Bourjoias,  A.,  and  Company,  Paris. 

(N)  Bouquet  Manon  Lescaut.  (Only  a  strong  cologne, 
for  which  a  high  price  ($1.60)  is  asked,) 

Colgate  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Eclat  (Perfume). 

*  Imperial  Lilac.     {A  good  toilet  water.) 
Crown  Perfumery  Company,  London. 

(N)  Crown  Lavender  Salts.  {Objection  to  the  claim 
that  these  salts  '^purify  the  air  in  sick  rooms/* 
etc.  They  do  not  purify  the  air  at  all,  but 
merely  mask  unpleasant  odors  by  an  agreeable 
one,  quality  good.) 

Dralle,  Hamburg. 

*  Illusion  Violette,  Violet,  Veilchen. 

Gelle  Freres,  Paris. 

*  Seduction. 


200  1001    TESTS 


Hanson  and  Jenks  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Sweet  Peas  (perfumery). 

*  Violet  Toilet  Water— Brat. 

*  "Wood  Violet  Toilet  Water. 
Hudnut,  Richard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

"At  Violet  Sec  Toilet  Water.     (Appears  to  be  artificial 
violet.) 
Jennings  Company,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

*  Dorothy  Vernon  Perfume. 
Lanman  and  Kemp,  New  York. 

*  Florida  Water. 
Lazell,  New  York. 

*  Lazell's  Field  Violets. 

*  Lazeirs  Japanese  Honeysuckle  Perfume.     (Syn- 

thetic perfume,) 

Pinaud,  Ed.,  Paris. 

*  Lilas  de  France — Extrait  Vegetal. 

Rieger,  The  California  Perfumer,  San  Francisco. 

*  Flower    Drops — Violet.     (An   expensive   product 

$1.50,  but  having  the  perfume  of  natural  vio- 
lets.  Claims  somewhat  excessive,  ^'The  most 
exquisite  odor  in  the  world,  one  drop  diffuses 
the  odor  of  thousands  of  blossoms,^') 

Roger  and  Gallet,  Paris. 

*  Eau  de  Toilette — Pois  de  Senteur.     (Sweet  Pea.) 

*  Extrait  de  Violette  de  France. 

\Vantine,  A.  A.,  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  0  Lotus  San  (Perfume.) 


TOILET    ARTICLES  201 

*  East  India  Sandal  Wood  Sachet. 
^  Sandalwood  (Perfume.) 

-A-  Wisteria  Blossom  Perfume. 
'A'  Wisteria  Blossom  Sachet. 
At  Wisteria  Blossom  Toilet  Water. 
Vogue  Perfumery  Company,  234  5th  Avenue,  New  York. 

*  Vogue  Extrait  Vegetal  Lilasette  Fleur.     (A  glyc- 

erin  alcoholic   solution,   perfumed   with   lilac. 
Mildly  extravagant  claims  as  to  quality.) 

Wrisley,  Allen  B.,  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

i(r  San  Toy  (Perfume.)  (Another  case  of  somewhat 
exaggerated  claims  as  to  quality  as:  '^ Unri- 
valed by  imported  perfumes/') 


POWDERS 

None  of  the  powders  are  specifically  injurious 
except  in  so  far  as  their  continuous  use  without 
proper  massaging  and  cleansing  fills  the  pores  of 
the  skin,  and  so  is  undesirable.  They  consist  in 
most  cases  of  talc,  with  sometimes  a  little  starch, 
calcium  carbonate,  or  zinc  oxide ;  boric  acid  is  fre- 
quently added  as  an  antiseptic  and  should  be  in- 
cluded in  the  name  of  the  product  if  present.  The 
zinc  oxide  is  used  largely  for  mechanical  reasons 
and  is  not  at  all  objectionable.  A  mixed  powder 
should  be  called  a  toilet  or  face  powder,  not  a 
straight  talcum.  The  buyer  has  a  right  to  know 
what  he  is  getting.  The  rice  powders,  which  are  of 
a  finer  texture,  frequently  contain  considerable 
amounts  of  talc,  and  as  the  former  is  the  more  ex- 
pensive ingredient,  such  products  are  misbranded 
and  must  be  considered  fraudulent,  if  the  talcum 
is  not  plainly  declared  on  the  label. 

Apart  from  these  considerations,  the  main  crit- 
icism of  the  toilet  powders,  is  the  extravagant 
claims  made  for  them.  They  cannot  be  considered 
**  complexion  beautifiers"  nor  to  have  any  real 
value  as  *' healing  agents."  For  one  well-known 
talcum  powder,  it  was  formerly  claimed  that  it 

202 


TOILET   ARTICLES  203 

gave  immediate  relief  for  cMckenpox,  measles  and 
scarlatina,  and  prevented  decay  of  the  teeth. 
Such  extravagant  claims  for  the  temporary  sooth- 
ing, cooling  effect,  that  dusting  the  skin  with  any 
borated  powder  might  produce,  are  obviously 
unwarranted.  Some  are  finer  in  texture,  more 
carefully  purified,  and  more  delicately  perfumed 
than  others,  but  any  of  them  may  be  safely  used 
in  moderation,  and  the  choice  is  largely  a  matter 
of  individual  taste. 

TESTED  TOILET  POWDERS 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  (N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Allen  Pharmacal  Company,  New  York,  N.  T. 

*  Koyal  Violet  Borated  Talcum  Powder. 
American  Druggists'  Syndicate,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 

*  A.  D.  S.  Majestic  Lilac  Talc. 
Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

*  Extra  Fine  Complexion  Powder.     (A  good  zinc 

oxide,  calcium  carbonate,  and  talc  powder,  per- 
fumed and  tinted  pink.  Hardly  ^^extru  fine" 
especially  for  the  price  (50  cents). 

B.  H.  Company,  The,  Boston,  Mass. 

-k  Priscilla  Parsons  Face  Powder.     {Disclosed  talc, 
zinc  oxide,  pink  dye  and  very  strong  musk  odor,) 


204  1001    TESTS 


Caswell,  Massey  Company,  Ltd.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(N)  Casma    Talcum.     (Extravagantly    praised   as    a 
^^ perfect,  magnificent  article.''    The  usual  hor- 
ated  talcum  powder,  horax  not  declared.) 

Colgate  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Violet  Talcum  Powder.  (Claims  that  it  ^^ keeps 
the  skin  in  a  healthy  condition,^'  ^'formula  of 
an  eminent  physician,"  unwarranted,  A  good 
talc,  b orated  and  perfumed — nothing  more — 
borax  not  declared,) 

Crane,  James  C,  108  Fulton  Street,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Elcaya  Kiee  Powder,  Avec  Talc  de  Venise  Purife. 
(Called  a  rice  powder  but  is  %  talc,  added  for 
good  mechanical  reasons,  but  should  be  plainly 
labeled  ^'Bice  Powder  with  talc"  in  English. 
French  wording  in  small  type,  objectionable.) 

Freeman  Perfume  Company,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

(N)  Freeman's  Medicated  Face  Powder.  (Talc  and 
zinc  oxide,  good  quality,  but  claims  as  to  medi- 
cation and  effects  as  a  complexion  beautifier  un- 
warranted.) 

Gille  E.,  1  Hamilton  Grange,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Cream  White  Face  Powder. 

*  Flesh  Face  Powder. 

*  White  Face  Powder. 

(Usiual  zinc  oxide,  talc  and  calcium  carbonate 
combination,  tinted;  no  special  claims  made.) 


TOILET    ARTICLES  205 

Gomi,  T.  D.,  Geisha  Importing  Company,  3  East  17th 

St.,  New  York  City. 
(N)  Oriental  Wistaria  Talcum  Powder.     {Should  he 
labeled  ^^horated/'  a  good  powder,) 

Heyer,  George  W.,  Houston,  Texas. 

*  Heyer 's  Prickly  Heat  Powder.     (Consists  largely 

of  zinc  oxide  with  starch  and  small  quantities 
of  camphor  and  phenol.  Claims  moderate. 
^^For  heat  and  itching  of  shin.'^) 

Hudnut,  Richard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Violet  Sec  Talcum.  (Should  be  labeled  ''bo- 
rated/'  a  good  powder,) 

Kirk,  James  S.,  Co.,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Jap-Rose  Toilet  Talcum  Powder.  (Composed  of 
talc  and  zinc  oxide;  a  borated  toilet  or  com- 
plexion powder.  Is  not  a  straight  talcum, 
strictly  speaking ,  when  so  compounded,) 

Lehn  and  Fink,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Riveris  Talcum  Powder.     (Talcum;  excellent  qual- 

ity with  fine  perfume.  Not  ^'a  necessity  for 
baby's  health' '  as  claimed,) 

Levy,  Ben.,  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(N)  LaBlache  Pace  Powder.     (A  good  powder,  (talc 


206  1001    TESTS 


and  zinc  oxide)  which  claims  to  produce  ^'a 
clear,  healthy  complexion.''  This  is  obviously 
impossible.  It  merely  conceals  blemishes,  the 
same  as  any  other  powder,) 

Marinello  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

it  Marinello  Powder.  {A  slight  trace  of  heavy  metal, 
tin  or  antimony,  probably  present  as  an  im- 
purity in  the  zinc  oxide,) 

Mennen,  Gerhard,  Chemical  Company,  Newark,  N.  J. 
-*-  Borated  Talcum  Toilet  Powder.     (A  high  grade 
talcum  now  accurately  labeled,) 

*  Violet  Talcum  Toilet  Powder  Borated.     {A  good 

borated  talcum  powder,  perfumed.     Claim  ^^sci- 
entifically borated''  meaningless,  but  revised  la- 
bels are  conservative,) 
Napoleon  Pharmacal  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Napoleon  Lilac  Aseptic  Toilet  Powder — Borated. 
Plexo  Preparations,  Inc.,  New  York  and  Paris. 

(D)  Plexo  Evening  White.  (A  semi-liquid  mixture  of 
zinc  oxide,  calcium  carbonate  and  alcohol.  Has 
artificial  violet  perfume.  Claims  to  conceal  all 
imperfections  and  still  to  be  invisible.  ^'WUl 
not  rub  off";  claims  not  tolerable,) 
Pozzoni,  J.  A.,  Pharmacal  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

(N)  Pozzoni 's  Gold  Puff  Box.  (Extravagant  claims 
for  a  complexion  powder  and  rouge,  both  con- 
taining a  pink  dye  and  the  powder  carrying  bis- 
muth subcarbonate  and  zinc  oxide.  Not  in- 
jurious but  over  pradsed.) 


TOILET    ARTICLES  207 

Pray,  Dr.  J.  Parker,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Dr.  Pray's  Hy-Gen-ia  Face  Powder.  (Talc,  zinc 
oxide  and  starch  with  some  magnesium  carbon- 
ate. Claims  that  it  is  healing,  does  not  clog 
glands  or  pores  of  the  skin,  a  preservative  and 
medicinal  powder,  are  deemed  unwarranted,) 

Pura  Manufactviring  Company,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

(D)  Hymettus  Rose- Violet  Talcum  Powder.  {Con- 
tains  zinc  oxide,  boric  acid  and  talc,  with  a  deli- 
cate perfume.  Many  talcum  pouters  are  bo- 
rated  and  the  claims  that  it  is  '' softer,  finer  and 
more  refreshing  than  other  talcum  prepara- 
tions,'' and  that  it  ^^ heals''  are  not  warranted. 
Is  not  a  straight  talcum;  should  be  labeled  *^a 
borated  toilet  or  complexion  powder.") 

Stafford-Miller  Company,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

(D)  Carmen  Complexion  Powder.  (Usual  combina- 
tion of  talc,  zinc  oxide  and  starch,  perfumed 
and  colored.  Claims  that  it  is  the  ^^hest  for 
the  skin,"  ^^ never  dusts  off,"  ^^ never  shows  pow^ 
der,"  ^^ superior  to  other  complexion  powders," 
etc.,  are  unwarranted.) 

Tetlow,  Henry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(D)  Tetlow 's  Superb  Gossamer,  Harmless  for  the  Com- 
plexion. (Another  combination  of  talc,  zinc  ox- 
ide, starch  and  perfume.  Good  in  itself,  but 
claims  that  it  '^really  nourishes,  benefits  and 
softens  the  skin  "  does  not  obstruct  the  pores,  and 
is  superior  to  all  others,  absurdly  overdrawn.) 


208  1001    TESTS 


Vantine,  A.  A.,  and  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Geisha  Pace  Powder.     (Talc,  zinc  oxide  and  starch, 

perfumed  and  colored,) 

*  Kutch  Sandalwood  Talcum  Powder.     (Talc,  pow- 

dered orris,  and  sandalwood  oU,) 
ik  Wistaria  Blossom  Talc.     (Perfumed  talcum  pow- 
der with  a  little  starchy  material,) 

Vogue  Perfumery  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

,(D)  Vogue  Poudre  de  Riz.  (Claimed  to  te  a  rice  pow- 
der but  is  84  per  cent,  talc.  Is,  therefore, 
plainly  mishranded.  No  objection  to  adding 
some  talc,  for  mechanical  reasons,  if  declared.) 
"At  Vogue  Liquid  Complexion  Powder.  (Merely  zinc 
oxide  and  a  little  calcium  carbonate  suspended 
in  perfumed  water.) 

Williams,  J.  B.,  Company,  Glastonbury,  Conn. 

(N)  Violet  talcum  powder.  (A  good  borated  talcum 
powder  perfumed  with  artificial  violet.  Claims 
that  it  is  ^^unequaled  for  the  toilet,^'  ^^ produces 
a  soft,  healthy  condition  of  the  sJcin,  etc,,''  are 
extravagant,  as  they  would  be  for  any  talcum 
powder;  borax  should  be  declared,) 

Wrisley,  Allen  B.,  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  San  Toy  Talcum.  (The  usual  combination  of 
talc,  starch,  calcium  carbonate,  and  perfume;  no 
boric  acid  nor  zinc  oxide  found  and  still  it  is 
claimed  that  the  powder  is  '^highly  antiseptic 
and  healing'';  ^^ absolutely  perfect.") 


SOAPS 

The  main  points  in  regard  to  the  soaps  are  to  be 
sure  that  there  is  no  free  alkali  or  only  a  trace,  and 
not  too  much  water,  that  is,  that  you  are  getting  a 
fair  amount  of  soap  for  your  money,  and  not  pay- 
ing for  water.  The  high  priced  soaps  contain  no 
more  soap,  are  no  more  cleansing  and  are  no  purer 
than  many  of  the  five  cent  products ;  in  fact,  some- 
times the  contrary  is  the  case.  If  a  woman  wishes 
to  pay  25  cents  to  one  dollar  for  a  perfumed, 
colored  cake  of  soap,  daintily  wrapped,  for  the 
pleasure  of  using  it,  well  and  good,  but  she  should 
know  that  she  is  not  getting  **a  bargain. '* 
Glycerin  soaps,  for  example,  while  of  good  quality 
and  useful  for  some  skins,  are  not  economical,  as 
they  **  waste  ^'  more  quickly  than  other  types. 

The  medicated  soaps  with  almost  no  exceptions 
must  be  criticised  on  account  of  their  extravagant 
claims.  Any  soap  has  some  little  antiseptic  prop- 
erties, but  the  amount  of  antiseptics  added  to 
soaps  and  the  conditions  under  which  they  are 
used  make  it  impossible  that  they  should  ful- 
fill any  extravagant  claimg  as  to  healing  skin 
diseases    or    producing    anything    approaching 


210  1001    TESTS 


complete  antisepsis.  They  present  another  ex- 
ample of  permissible  products  over-burdened 
with  impossible  claims.  Other  soaps  we  are 
obliged  to  criticize  on  the  ground  of  misbrand- 
ing, since  their  composition  does  not  warrant 
the  name  given  them,  which  would  imply  the 
presence  of  certain  ingredients  or  oils  not  found  in 
any  material  quantities.  None  of  the  soaps  are 
really  harmful  except  in  so  far  as  the  extravagant 
claims  made  for  them  might  be  misleading  and 
cause  one  to  neglect  more  important  precautions 
and  depend  upon  them  for  services  they  could  not 
perform. 

TESTED  SOAPS 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
{D)j  rated  at  75  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

American  Druggists'  Syndicate,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 
(D)  A.  D.  S.  Kurakutic  Soap.  {Misleading  name  in 
apparent  imitation  of  ^^cuticura,''  No  phenols 
or  other  antiseptics  detected.  Claim  ^^invalvr 
able  for  skin  purification/'  misleading,) 
(D)  A.  D.  S.  Improved  Foot  Soap.  (Contains  hran, 
borax,  eucalyptus,  but  no  free  iodine,  nor  free 
olive  oil,  nor  combined  iodide  in  any  form  (as 
claimed)  could  be  detected.  Fairly  good  com- 
position, but  claims  that  it  would  gradually  re- 
move corns,  bunions  and  callouses  unwarra/nted,) 


TOILET   ARTICLES  ^11 

Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Savon  de  Toilette  Luxor.  {A  good  grade  tf  soap 
delicately  perfumed.  Wrapped  in  silk  and  sold 
for  one  dollar,  A  good  soap  over-priced  and 
over-praised.) 

Cereal  Soap  Company,  8  Beach  Street,  New  York. 
(D)  Zap.  {Soap,  sodium  carbonate,  cornmeal  and 
oatmeal  found.  Statement  that  '^no  soap  or 
soda  is  required''  is  misleading  when  both  are 
present.  Claim  that  it  is  ''made  from  pure 
vegetable  cereals''  is  not  warranted  since  other 
substances  are  found.  Unjustifiable  criticism  of 
other  soaps  and  claims  that  it  is  ''the  greatest 
skin  soap  in  the  world,"  and  is  "absolutely 
pure"  deemed  unwarranted  by  its  composition, 
either  as  determined  or  claimed.) 

Colgate  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Cashmere  Bouquet  Toilet  Soap. 

*  Heliotrope  (Soap.) 

Crittenton,  Charles  N.,  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Glenn's  Sulphur  Soap. 

Fairbank,  N.  K.,  Company,  Chicago,  and  New  York. 

"^  Fairy  Soap.     {A  good  floating  soap  containing 

about  15  per  cent,  of  water.    All  soaps  that 

float  contain  somewhat  more  moisture.    No  free 

alkali  or  sodium  carbonate.    A  good  soap  ex- 


21£  1001    TESTS 


travagantly  praised,  ^' Unquestionably  the 
purest,  best  and  most  satisfactory  soap  on  the 
market,"  ''the  cleanest  of  all  soaps  for  house- 
hold use,"  unwarranted;  others  just  as  good,) 

Hinds,  A.  S.,  Portland,  Maine. 

(D)  Hind's  Honey  and  Almond  Cream  Soap.     {Name 
not  warranted  by  composition;  no  honey  or  at- 
mond  detected.    Statement  that  it  ''improves 
the  complexion"  cannot  be  guaranteed.) 
Hudnut,  Richard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
*  Violet  Sec.     (Soap.) 

Jergens,  Andrew,  Company,  Cincinnati  and  New  York. 
^  Jergen's  Violet   Glycerine   Soap,     {Claims  "We 
have  caught  the  real  fragrance  of  the  violets"; 
perfume  appears  to  be  largely  artificial,) 

(D)  Woodbury's  Facial  Soap.  {A  good  grade  of 
soap  containing  a  small  amount  of  phenol  or 
some  similar  antiseptic.  The  claim  that  it  is 
recommended  "for  eczema  and  acne,"  and  has 
"stimulating  tonic  properties"  are  not  war- 
ranted, by  composition,) 

Johnson,  B.  J.,  Soap  Company,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

(N)  Palm  Olive  Soap.  {Impossible  to  determine  the 
exact  nature  of  oils  and  fats  used  but  palm  and 
olive  were  not  present  in  sufficient  amounts  to 
vmrrant  the  name.    No  criticism  of  soap  itself.) 


TOILET   ARTICLES  ^13 

Johnson  and  Johnson,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

*  Synol  Soap.     {A  liquid  soap  containing  phenol  and 

glycerin.  No  free  alkali;  51  per  cent,  of  mois- 
ture, Beally  a  strong  solution  of  carbolic;  the 
surgical  claims  for  antisepsis  and  germ  destroy- 
ing powers  are  slightly  extravagant.) 

Kirk,  James  S.,  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

^  Jap  Eose  Soap.  (Statement  that  you  ^^use  only 
half  as  much  as  you  would  of  any  other  soap'' 
unwarranted.     Contained  12  per  cent  water.) 

Klein's,  Budapest,  Hungary. 

*  Glycerin  Soap. 

Lever  Brothers  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(D)  Lifebuoy  Health  Soap.  (18  per  cent,  of  water, 
no  free  alkali  and  a  slight  trace  of  sodium  car- 
ionate;  contains  cresols  or  similar  coal  tar  prod- 
ucts. A  good  soap  hut  claims  ^^ brings  beauty 
to  the  skin/'  ^'prevents  infection/'  ^^for  saving 
life  and  preserving  health"  not  warranted.) 
Lilly,  Eli,  and  Company,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
-At  Lilly's  Liquid  Soap — ^unscented. 

Morgan's,  Enoch,  Sons  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Hand  Sapolio.  (71  per  cent,  sand  and  little  ex- 
cess alkalinity.  Claims  to  equal  a  mild  turkish 
bath;  not  of  ^^ perfect  purity."  Has  a  place  for 
removing  stains,  etc.,  but  some  claims  excessive.) 


214  1001    TESTS 


Mulhens  and  Kropff,  298  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

*  White  Rose  Glycerin  Soap. 

Packer  Manufacturing  Company,  New  York. 

*  Packer's  Tar  Soap. 

Pears,  A.  F.,  Ltd.,  71-75  New  Oxford  Street,  London, 
W.  C. 

*  Pears'  Soap. 

Potter  Drug  and  Chemical  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 
(D)  Cuticura  Soap.  {A  good  grade  of  soap  contain- 
ing a  small  quantity  of  prussian  blue  and  prob- 
ably a  little  phenol,  Prussian  blue  has  been 
recommended  for  skin  diseases.  Excessive 
claims  made  for  Cuticura  as  to  the  prevention 
and  treatment  of  skin  eruptions,  are  not  war- 
ranted by  its  composition,) 

Proctor  and  Gamble,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

*  Ivory  Soap. 

Remmers,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

(D)  Remmers'  Peroxide  Soap.  (No  peroxide  could  he 
determined  by  the  usual  tests,  therefore  the 
name  is  unwarranted  and  the  product  mis- 
branded,) 

Resinol  Soap  Company,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(D)  Resinol  Soap.  (Contains  a  small  amount  of 
cresol  or  some  similar  substance.  Impossible 
claims  made  to  the  effect  that  it  ^'prevents 
acne,"  ^^nourishes  the  underlying  tissues  of  the 


TOILET   ARTICLES  215 

skin/'  ^^ prevents  falling  out  of  the  hair/'  etc, 
whereas  antiseptic  properties  are  very  limited.) 
Roger  and  Gallet,  Eue  d'Hauteville,  Paris. 

*  Savon  Violette  de  Parme. 

*  Savon  Vera-Yioletta.     (A  good  grade  of  soap, 

scented  with  violet.  Sold  for  85  cents.  No  su- 
periority to  the  25  cent  cake  could  he  discov- 
ered. Perfume  may  he  superior  hut  finished 
product  does  not  show  it.  Price  excessive.) 
Roessler  and  Hasslacher  Chemical  Company,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 
(D)  Peroxide  Zinc  Soap.  {A  good  peroxide  zinc  soap 
really  liberating  some  oxygen.  Claims  made, 
however,  as  to  the  ^'antisepsis  of  the  hody/' 
'^ feeding  oxygen  through  the  pores  of  the 
skin,''  etc.,  are  ahsolutely  unscientific  and  un- 
warranted, as  the  skin  does  not  ahsorh  oxygen 
to  any  notable  extent  under  any  conditions,  so 
far  as  scientists  have  been  able  to  determine.) 

Wrisley,  Allen  B.,  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(D)  Olivilo  Soap.  {A  good  soap  but  claims  untenable: 
''Makes  beauty/'  "lasts  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
other  ten  cent  toilet  soaps/'  "keeps  the  skin  in 
its  natural  healthy  condition." 


TOOTH  POWDEES,  PASTES,  ETC. 

There  are  few  if  any  tooth  powders  which  are 
really  injurious,  but  their  antiseptic  power  is  lim- 
ited by  the  conditions  under  which  they  are  used 
and  the  excessive  claims  made  for  these  simple 
preparations  as  to  their  efficacy  in  destroying 
germs,  sterilizing  the  mouth,  preventing  the  forma- 
tion of  tartar,  and  even  preventing  or  curing  pyor- 
rhea, are  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  facts.  A 
good  calcium  carbonate,  alkaline,  mouth  wash  is  of 
value  for  its  antacid  properties,  and  the  antisep- 
tics, such  as  menthol,  benzoic  acid,  thymol,  eucalyp- 
tol,  etc.,  which  are  added  have  a  limited  efficiency. 
Plain  hydrogen  dioxide,  however,  is  probably  as 
efficient  an  artificial  mouth  wash  as  is  available. 
The  great  claims  made  for  the  liberation  of  oxygen 
in  the  mouth  and  the  effect  so  produced  must  be 
looked  at  askance ;  even  though  the  statements  may 
be  true  to  a  certain  extent  theoretically,  the  effect 
produced  in  the  mouth  is  problematic.  The  claims 
that  the  breath  is  purified  are  obviously  false. 
The  breath  may  be  perfumed  or  sweetened,  but  bad 
breath  coming  from  decaying  teeth  or  lung 
trouble  or  indigestion  is  not  purified  by  the  use  of 
any  tooth  paste,  powder  or  wash,  whatever  it  may 


TOILET    ARTICLES  217 

contain.  Some  of  the  preparations  are  accom- 
panied by  circulars  giving  laboratory  reports  and 
imposing  pictures  of  microscopic  slides,  ^^  before 
and  after  using, ' '  showing  the  germicidal  effect  of 
the  products  in  question.  A  laboratory  experi- 
ment of  this  Mnd  by  no  means  parallels  the  con- 
ditions existing  in  the  mouth  and  the  conclusions 
drawn  from  such  experiments  are  unwarranted. 
The  ingredients  of  the  several  tooth  powders  and 
pastes  indicated  in  the  list  do  not  pretend  to  be 
complete  analyses,  as  often  the  ingredients  are 
present  in  too  small  an  amount  to  be  distinguished 
by  analysis.  Only  the  general  character  of  the 
product  is  indicated. 

The  real  function  of  a  tooth  paste  or  tooth  pow- 
der is  to  assist  the  brush  and  water  in  thoroughly 
cleansing  the  tooth  by  friction.  The  antisepsis 
afforded  is  really  secondary  and  there  is  room  for 
a  wide  reform  in  regard  to  tooth  pastes  and  tooth 
powders,  as  to  the  claims  made  in  this  respect,  a 
point  brought  out  at  the  recent  meeting  of  the  Na- 
tional Dentists'  Association,  by  Dr.  L.  F.  Kebler, 
Chief  of  the  Division  of  Drugs,  Department  of 
Agriculture,  who  said : 

*' After  learning  of  the  beneficial  inhibiting  eflfects  of 
the  antiseptics  on  the  activities  of  bacteria,  it  was  nat- 


218  1001    TESTS 


urally  believed  that  there  was  the  means  by  which  the 
bacterial  flora  of  the  buccal  cavity  could  be  controlled 
or  stayed,  if  not  absolutely  destroyed.  Experiments, 
however,  soon  showed  that  it  was  impossible  to  sterilize 
the  oral  cavity  or  even  to  appreciably  diminish  the  num- 
ber of  bacteria  without  using  the  drugs  in  such  strength 
as  to  make  them  intolerable,  if  not  absolutely  dangerous, 
either  because  of  their  disagreeable  odor,  and  taste,  or 
because  of  their  effects  upon  the  mucous  membrane  and 
their  toxicity.  ...  It  is  a  well  recognized  principle  in 
bacteriology  that  the  greater  the  dilution  of  a  germicide, 
the  longer  the  time  of  action  necessary  to  destroy  the 
bacteria,  and  vice  versa.  From  the  necessary  dilution 
already  considered,  it  is  quite  evident  that  none  of  these 
germicidal  agents  can  avail  much  in  sterilizing  the 
mouth,  and  that  antiseptics  are  of  correspondingly  little 
actual  value.'' 

It  is  these  extravagant  and  misleading  claims 
which  made  it  impossible  to  give  the  highest  ap- 
proval to  many  of  the  good  tooth  powders  listed. 
When  a  very  excellent  tooth  powder  containing 
more  antiseptics  than  usual  is  said  to  **kill  all 
germs,"  *' prevent  contagion  and  all  disease,*'  and 
*' cleanse  as  nothing  else  will  do,"  we  are  obliged 
to  disprove  it,  excellent  as  its  composition  may  be, 
as  we  could  not  put  our  guarantee  back  of  such 
misleading  claims. 


TOILET   ARTICLES 219 

TESTED  TOOTH  POWDERS,  PASTES,  ETC. 

{Starred  products  (*)  are  rated  at  85  to  100;  {N)  indicates  a 
noncommittal  rating  between  76  and  84;  disapproved  products 
(D),  rated  at  76  and  less;  see  Introduction  and  page  xxviii  for 
details  as  to  method  of  rating.) 

Allen  Pharmacal  Company,  New  York. 

(N)  Royal  Tooth  Powder.  {Consists  essentially  of 
soap,  calcium  carbonate,  and  methyl  salicylate. 
Claims  as  to  preserving  and  hardening  the  gums 
mildly  extravagant,) 

American  Druggists'  Syndicate,  Long  Island  City,  N.  T. 
(N)  A.  D.  S.  Peroxide  Tooth  Powder.  {Chalk,  soap, 
some  form  of  solid  peroxide,  and  flavoring 
agents.  Claims  to  ^'heal  and  harden  the  gunfis,** 
'' remove  all  external  discolor ations,''  to  he  ^'a 
scientific  combination  of  cleansing  and  anti- 
septic agents,'^  ^'to  leave  the  mouth  in  an  anti- 
septic condition.''  Claims  unwarranted.) 
(D)  A.  D.  S.  Peredixo  Tooth  Paste.  A  Peroxide  Tooth 
Paste.  {Use  of  word  ^'Peredixo''  to  suggest 
peroxide.  No  peroxide  whatever  found;  merely 
soap,  chalk,  glycerin,  and  flavoring  agents. 
Claims  to  be  a  peroxide  tooth  paste,  which  unll 
leave  the  mouth  in  a  thoroughly  aseptic  and 
wholesome  condition.  Name  and  claims  mis- 
leading.) 

Armour  and  Company,  Chicago,  111. 

(N)  Luxor  Tooth  Paste.  {Calcium  carbonate  and 
soap    with    menthol.    A    good    antacid    tooth 


g^O  1001    TESTS 


paste,  hut  the  claims  that  it  ^^  sweetens  the 
breath/'  ^^ hardens  the  gums,"  and  is  ^^anti- 
septic'' are  somewhat  overdrawn,) 

Colgate  and  Company,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

'A'  Eibbon  Dental  Cream.  {Menthol,  soap,  calcium 
carbonate,  benzoic  acid,  wintergreen,  probably 
glycerin.  Claims  merely  to  be  antiseptic,  which 
it  is  to  a  slight  degree,) 

Dentacura  Company,  Newark,  N.  J. 

(N)  Dentacura.  {A  good  preparation  containing 
soap,  calcium  carbonate,  methyl  salicylate, 
menthol,  eucalyptol,  boric  acid,  etc.  No  thymol 
could  be  detected  in  the  finished  product  though 
it  is  said  to  be  added.  Former  impossible  claims 
such  as  ^^ kills  all  germs,"  ^'prevents  contagion," 
etc.,  withdrawn,) 

Hall  and  Ruckel,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Sozodont  Tooth  Paste.  {Soap,  calcium  carbon- 
ate, eosin  {coloring),  oil  of  cinnamon,  and 
menthol,  A  good  tooth  paste  but  the  claims 
that  it  is  the  ^'embodiment  of  ideas  of  famous 
chemists,"  '^ hardens  the  gums,"  etc,  are  not 
warranted  by  its  simple  composition,) 
(N)  Van  Buskirk's  Sozodont  Antiseptic  Tooth  Paste. 
{Essentially  soap,  calcium  carbonate,  menthol, 
methyl  salicylate  and  salicylic  acid.  Claims 
that  it  '^ hardens  the  gums,"  ''tones  and  ster- 
ilizes the  mouth,"  extravagant;  other  state- 
ments moderate,) 


TOILET   ARTICLES  ^21 

Kalynos  Company,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

(D)  Kolynos.  {A  good  preparation  containing  cal- 
cium carbonate,  soap,  menthol  and  small 
amounts  of  other  antiseptics.  Overburdened 
with  perfectly  impossible  claims  such  a^s  '^  dis- 
ease preventer/'  '^destroys  germs  of  diphtheria 
and  pneumonia  in  less  than  one  minute,''  etc, 
^'sterilizes  the  mouth  to  degree  heretofore  be- 
lieved impossible,"  etc) 

Lavoris  Chemical  Company,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

(D)  Lavoris.  {A  mouth  wash  containing  zinc  chlo- 
ride, menthol,  oil  of  cassia  and  alcohol,  as  its 
principal  ingredients.  Formaldehyde  claimed, 
none  found;  statements  made  as  to  its  germici- 
dal and  healing  properties  greatly  exagger- 
ated.) 

Lehn  and  Fink,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(D)  Pebeeo  Tooth  Paste.  {Differs  from  most  tooth 
pastes  in  containing  potassium  chlorate;  prob- 
ably is  not  injurious  under  the  conditions  in 
which  it  is  used,  and  the  amount  in  which  it  is 
present.  Other  important  ingredients  are: 
calcium  carbonate,  soap,  methyl  salicylate,  and 
menthol.  Extravagant  claims  as  to  efficiency 
in  relief  of  disease,  antiseptic  value,  etc.,  unten- 
able.) 

Lyon,  I.  W.,  and  Sons,  520  West  27th  Street,  New  York. 
(N)  Perfect   Tooth  Powder.     {Essentially  soap,  cal- 
cium carbonate,  and  methyl  salicylate.    Does 


22^  1001    TESTS 


not  really  ^'purify  the  ireath''  as  claimed,) 
McKesson  and  Robbins,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(N)  Calox,  The  Oxygen  Tooth  Powder.  (Contains 
peroxide,  menthol,  methyl  salicylate  and  cal- 
cium carbonate.  Does  liberate  some  active  oxy- 
gen in  the  mouth  but  the  efficacy  of  this  ingre- 
dient is  greatly  over  estimated,) 
Mennen,  Gerhard,  Chemical  Company,  Newark,  N.  J. 
(N)  Cream  Dentrifrice.  (Consists  essentially  of  soap, 
calcium  carbonate,  glycerin,  alcohol  and  aro- 
matic, antiseptic  oils,  among  which  menthol  is 
prominent.  Former  extravagant  claims  that  it 
'^sterilizes  the  breath,"  ''is  highly  germicidal, 
hence  a  protection  against  all  germ  diseases  and 
decay,"  have  been  withdrawn  but  label  is  still 
slightly  extreme. 
Pyro  Chemical  Company,  1212  Saratoga  Street,  Balti- 
more, Md. 
(D)  Pyrodento.  (An  alkaline  liquid,  containing  5  per 
cent,  of  alcohol,  as  declared,  with  sodium  bicar- 
bonate, egg  albumen,  boric  acid,  glycerin,  and 
small  amount  of  form/ildehyde,  and  the  oils  of 
cinnamon,  spearmint  and  peppermint.  No  po- 
tassium permanganate  could  be  detected,  though 
it  is  claimed  in  the  formula,  and  if  added,  is 
present  in  too  small  amounts  to  be  detected  or 
to  be  of  any  practical  value.  Claims  that  "It 
destroys  bacteria,  thus  acting  as  a  prophylactic 
to  all  diseases  of  the  oral  cavity,"  "hardens 


TOILET   ARTICLES  «23 

the  gums/^  and  is  ^^ especially  recommended  for 
pyorrhea/'  not  warranted.) 
(D)  Pyrodento  Creme  Paste.  {Consists  essentially  of 
calcium  and  magnesium  carbonates,  fixed  oil, 
boric  acid,  glycerin,  egg  albumen,  a  trace  of 
formaldehyde,  sodium  carbonate,  oils  of  spear- 
mint, peppermint,  and  cinnamA)n.  No  soap, 
gelatin  or  starch  present.  No  potassium  per- 
manganate detected.  Could  not  sterilize  *'at 
the  mouth,''  and  its  usefulness  in  the  treatment 
of  pyorrhea,  stomatitis,  chronic  ulcerations,  etc., 
problematic,) 

Sanitol  Chemical  Laboratory  Company,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
(N)  Sanitol  Tooth  Paste.  {Contains  calcium  carbon- 
ate, soap,  methyl  salicylate,  and  menthol. 
Claims  ^^the  most  effective  cream  known  to  the 
dentist,"  ^'of  lasting  benefit  to  teeth  and  gums," 
not  warranted  by  the  composition.) 

Sheffield  Dentrifice  Company,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
(N)  rental  Cream.  {Essentially  sassafras,  menthol, 
soap,  calcium  carbonate,  eosin  {coloring)  and 
oil  of  cinnamon.  Over  weighted  with  such 
claims  as  the  follovnng:  ^^  Coats  the  teeth  with 
an  alkaline  film  that  protects  them  for  hours"; 
^'neutralizes  all  acids  of  the  mouth,"  ^^best  in 
the  world,"  etc.) 

United  Drug  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

(N)  Rexall   Tooth  Powder.     {Essentially  soap,  cat- 


1001    TESTS 


cium  carbonate,  methyl  salicylate  and  thymol. 
Claims  to  remove  usual  cause  of  decayed  teeth 
and  fetid  breath.  This  could  not  possibly  be 
true,  as  decaying  teeth  and  bad  breath  in  many 
cases  have  deep  systemic  causes  which  a  tooth 
powder  could  not  reach.  Statement  true  only 
in  a  most  general  way  in  so  far  as  it  keeps  the 
teeth  clean.) 


Note:  Changes  and  corrections  in  ratings  and  descriptive 
matter  will  be  published,  as  opportunity  may  offer,  in  Good 
Housekeeping  Magazine.  All  communications  concerning  such 
changes  should  be  addressed  to  me  as  Director  of  the  Good 
Housekeeping  Bureau  of  Foods,  Sanitation  and  Health,  Wood- 
ward Building,  Washington^  D.  C. 

H.  W.  WiLET. 


INDEX 


INDEX 


A.  D.  S.  Foot  Tablets,  131 

Improved  Foot  Soap,  210 

Kurakutic   Soap,    210 

Peredixo  Tooth  Paste,  219 

Peroxide  Tooth  Powder,  219 

Shaving  Cream,  177-178 
Acker,   Merrall   &   Condit   Co., 

155,  159 
A-Corn  Salve,  135 
Adirondacks  Maple  Co.,  169 
Adulterants  in  candies,  33 

canned  goods,  41 

condiments,  96 

cocoas,  7 

cold  creams,  177 

dried  meats,  149 

flours,  79 

honey,  169 

macaroni,  92 

olive  oil,  153 

preserves,  157 

salad  dressings,  96 

shampoo  powders,  187 

syrups,   167 

vinegars,  97 
American  Dehydrating  Co.,  127 

Druggists'  Syndicate,  55,  131, 
177,  188,  199,  203,  210, 
219 

Fruit  Products  Co.,  21,  159 

Malted  Food  Co.,  65 


American   Sugar   Refining   Co., 
169 
Vineyard  Co.,  127 
Ammon  &  Pearson,  147 
Anchovy  Paste,  Crosse  &  Black- 
well's,   123 
Angelus  Cough  Drops,  141 
Anheuser-Busch  Brewing  Ass'n, 

21 
Anker's  Bouillon  Capsules,  65 
Antiseptic  Throat  Pastilles,  134 
Albumen  in  baking  powders,  2 
Alcohol  in  grape  juice,  20 
Alexander  &  Mendes,  188 
Alkali-treated  cocoa,  6 
Allen  Pharmacal  Co.,  203,  219 
Allen's  Foot  Ease,  140 
Almond        Dulce        Hymettus 

Cream,  186 
Almond  Extract,  116,  117,  118, 

120,  121 
Almonds,  Festino,  31 
Als  Hangesund  Preserving  Co., 

123 
Alum  in  baking  powders,  2 
Apple  Jam,   159,  160 
Juice,   Duffy's,   21 
Apples,  evaporated,   128 
Apricots,  Del  Monte  Brand,  46 
evaporated,  127 
Hunt  Brothers',  46 


227 


INDEX 


Apricots,     Troubadour     Brand, 

46 
Arbuckle  Bros.,  13 
Armour  &  Co.,  21,  62,  147,  150, 

177,   194,  203,  211,  219 
Aroma  Coffee  Co.,  13 
Aromint  Co.,  35 
Artaud,  J.  B.  &  A.  Frferes,  154 
Artichokes,  canned,  66 
Asiatic  Products  Co.,  17 
Asparagus,  canned,   66,   68 
Aunt  Jemima's  Brand  Pancake 

Flour,  82 
Aurora  Condensed  Milk  Co.,  56 
Austin-Nichols   &    Co.,   66,   98, 

127,   159 

B.  H.  Company,  The,  178,  194, 

203 
Bacon,  Beechnut  Brand,  150 
Dairy  Brand,   151 
Ferris's  Boneless,   150 
Jones  Dairy  Farm,  151 
Swift's  Premium,  152 
Baked  Beans,  canned,  67 
Baker  Extract  Co.,  116 
Baker,  Franklin  Co.,  109 
Baker  Importing  Co.,  13 
Baker,  Walter  &  Co.,  7 
Baking  Powder — Calumet,  3 
Cleveland  Superior,  3 
Congress,  4 
Davis  0.  K.,  3 
K.  C,  4 

Dr.  Price's  Cream,  4 
Royal,  4 
Rumford,  4 
Uprise,  3 


Baking     Powders,     the     thre« 
types,  1 
Soda,  Slade's,  4 
Banana  Flavor,  117,  120 
Bananas,  Evaporated,  127 
Barley  Crystals,  75 

Flour,  Jireh  Diatetic,  84 
Bartlett,  Stephen  L.  Co.,  7 
Barton  &  Guestier,  154 
Bauer  &  Black,  131 
Beale  &  Garnett  Co.,  123 
Beans,  canned,  66,  67,  68,  69,  70 
Beardsley's  Sons,  J.  W.,  62,  123 
Beaux  Yeux,  196 
Beechnut  Packing  Co.,  98,  150, 

159 
Beef,  Corned,  Red  Cross  Brand, 
151 
Dried,  Armour's  Sliced,  150 
Beechnut  Brand,  150 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby'i, 
151 
Beet  Sugar,  163 
Beets,  canned,  67,  68,  69 
Bell,  Wm.  G.  Co.,  98 
Belle  Mead  Sweets,  35 
Benger's  Food,  Ltd.,  56 
Bensdorp,      (Amsterdam,     Hol- 
land), 7 
Benzoate    of     soda    in    condi- 
ments, 96 
Berna  Milk  Co.,  56 
Berndt  &  Co.,  17 
Bernese  Alps  Milk  Co.,  56 
Biscuit,  Adora,  31 
Arrowroot,  31 
Baronet,  31 
Frotana,  32 


INDEX 


229 


Biscuit,  Jireh  Diatetic,  29 

Pakatin,  30 

Saltine,  32 

Social  Tea,  32 

Sunshine  Assorted,  30 

Sunshine  Citrus,  31 

Sunshine  Petite  Beurre,  31 

Takoma,  31 

Uneeda,  32 

Water  Thin,  32 
Bishop  &  Co.,  36 
Bismark  Grocery  Co.,  13 
Bitter  Chocolates,  6 
Blackberries,        Silver        Lake 

Brand,  47 
Blanke,  C.  F.,  Tea  and  Coflfee 

Co.,  13,  17 
Blendo  Food  Co.,  14 
Bliss,  Alonzo  0.  Co.,  132 
Blookers      (Amsterdam,      Hol- 
land), 8 
Blue  Jay  Corn  Plasters,  131 
Bonbons,  Huyler's,  36 

Halliard's,  37 

Park  &  Tilford's,  38 

Schrafft's,  39 
Borden's   Condensed   Milk   Co., 

14,  36,  56 
Bosman  &  Lohman  Co.,  147 
Bouillon,  Clam,  62 

Cubes,  Anker's,  65 
Armour's,  62 
Liebig's  0X0,  65 
Steero,   65 
Bourjoias,  A.  &  Co.,  199 
Boyle,  John  Co.,  45,  66 
Brakeley,  Joseph,  Inc.,  66 
Brilliantine,   Carnation^   188 


Brooke,  C.  M.  &  Sons,  21 
Brooke's  Lemos,  21 
Buckwheat  Flour,  Teco  Brand, 

82 
Burnett,  Joseph  &  Co.,  117 
Burnham,  E.  L.  Co.,  62 
Burnham  &  Morrill  Co.,  123 
Butter,  Fox  Kiver,  148 
B.  &  P.  Company,  194 

California  Fish  Co.,  123 

Fruit    Canners'    Association, 
45,  66y  127 
Calocide  Compound,  138 
Calox,  the  Oxygen  Tooth  Pow- 
der, 222 
Calumet  Baking  Powder  Co.,  3 
Calves  Foot  Jelly,  160 
Calvet  &  Co.,   155 
Campbell  Co.,  155 
Campbell,  Joseph  Co.,  62 
Campbell's  Kooking  Oil,  165 
Candies,  adulterants  in,  33 
Candy  Figs,  36 
Cane  Sugar,  163 
Canned  Goods,  adulterants  in, 
41 
labeling,  44 
weights,  42 
Canthrox,  190 
Capsicum  Vaseline,   132 
Caramels,  Belle  Mead,  35 

H.  D.  Foss  &  Co.'s,  36 

Johnston's,  37 

Lowney's,  37 

Halliard's  37 

Park  &  Tilford'g,  38 

Bchrafft's,  39 


230 


INDEX 


Caramels,  Whitman's,  40 
Carbolated  Vaseline,   132 
Carque,  Otto,  89 
Carque  Pure  Food  Co.,  127,  147 
Carter  Lytle  Drug  Co.,  132 
Castle,  The  W.  A.  Co.,  155 
Castor  Oil,  Tasteless,  143 
Caswell,  Massey  Co.,  Ltd.,  204 
Catsup,  98 

Blue  Ribbon,  103 

Libby,    McNeill    &    Libby's, 
101 

Pride  of  the  Farm,  103 

Princess  Brand,  101 

Ritter  Conserve  Co.'s,  103 

Snider's,  105 

Yours  Truly,  106 
Caviar,  Cresca  Co's,  123 
Celery  Flavor,  119 
Cereal  Soap  Co.,  211 
Ceylon  Spice  Co.,  109 
Chambers  Sons,  James,  109 
Chase  &  Sanborn,  14 
Cheese  Sandwich,  31 
Cherries,    Cobb's   Navy  Brand, 
46 

Del  Monte  Brand,  45 

Evaporated,   127 

Hunt  Brothers,  46 

Troubadour  Brand,  46 
Cherry  Extract,  117 
Chesebrough  Mfg.  Co.,  132 
Chicken,        Boneless,        Derby 
Brand,  151 

Boneless,    Libby,    McNeil    & 
Libby's,  151 
Richardson  &  Robbins*  151 
Chili  Sauce,  Heinz,  101 


Chili  Sauce,  Libby,  McNeill  & 
Libby's,  101 
Snider's,   105 
Chiris,  Antoine,  155 
Chocolate  and  cocoa,  difference, 
6;   theo-bromin  in,  5 
Borden's  Milk,  36 
Chocolat  Lindt,  39 
Creams,  Belle  Mead,  35 
Caracas,  38 
Johnston's,  37 
Maillard's,  37 
Schraflft's,  39 
Skylark,  38 
Hershey's  Milk,  36 
Huyler's  Premium,  8 
Maillard's  Premium,  8 
Peppermints,   H.   D.   Fosa   & 

Co.'s,  36 
plain  or  bitter,  6 
StoUwerck's       Gold      Brand 

Premium,  9 
Suchard's,  39 
Wadsworth's,  39 
Whitman's  Instantaneous,  0 
Yours  Truly  Premium,  9 
Chocolates,  Almond  Milk,  38 
Huyler's,  36 

Loose-Wiles'  Nobility,  37 
Lowney's,  37 
Marmay  Crimped,  37 
Nestle's  Almond  Sweet  Milk, 

38 
Nestle's     Hazel    Nut    Sweet 

Milk,  38 
Original  Sweet  Milk,  38 
Park  &  Tilford's  38 
Skylark,  38 


INDEX 


231 


Chocolates,  Whitman's,  40 

Wilbur's  40 
Chow  Chow,  160 
Christian  Company,  82 
Christy,  Arthur  N.  &  Co.,  117 
Cinnamon  Flavor,  119 
Clam  Bouillon,  62 
Clams,  Pioneer  Minced,  125 
Clark,  Coggins  &  Johnson  Co., 

14 
Clark's  Corporation,  133 
Cleveland  Baking  Powder   Co., 

3 
Cleveland  Macaroni  Co.,  93 
Climax  Coffee   Co.,   14 
Cliquot  Club  Co.,  22 
Cloves  Flavor,  119 
Cobb  Preserving  Co.,  46 
Coca  Cola  Co.,  22 
Cocoa,  adulterants,  7 

and  chocolate,  difference,  6 

alkali-treated,  6 

Baker's  Breakfast,  7 

Blooker's  Daalders,  8 

Dutch  process,  6 

Huyler's,  8 

Lowney's  Breakfast,  8 

Maillard's  Breakfast,  8 

Phillips  Digestible,  8 

Royal  Dutch,  7 

Swiss  Chocolates  Co.'s,  8 

Van  Houten's  Famous,  9 

Yours  Truly  Breakfast,  9 
Cocoanut,      Baker's      Premium 

Shred,    109 
Cod  Liver  Oil  Capsules,  135 
Codfish,   Beardsley's    Shredded, 
123 


Codfish,  Gorton's  Boneless,  124 
Lord  Brothers'  Boneless,  124 
Coffee,  Ariosa,  13 

Bakerized  Steel  Cut,  13 

Blendo,  14 

Borden's  Condensed,  14 

Caldwell's  Electric  Cut,  13 

Dekofa,  15 

Fairy  Cup  Instant,  14 

Hotel  Astor,  14 

instantaneous,  12 

La  Touraine,  16 

Lockyer's  Extra  Fancy  B.,  15 

Lockyer's  Extra  Fancy  C,  15 

Mrs.     Borer's     Brand     Own 

Blend,  14 
Old  Grist  Mill,  16 
Pure  Essence  of,  14 
Puri-tan-ated,  14 
Queen    Isabella    Porto    Rico, 

16 
Richlieu  Brand   Hans   Ever* 

Process  Vacuum  Treated, 

16 
Royal  Stag,  15 
Seal  Brand,  14 
substitutes  for,  11 
The  "400"  Blend,  15 
Tourist,  15 

Washington  Prepared,  15 
White  House  Brand,  14 
Yuban;    the  Arbuckle   Guest 

Coffee,  13 
Yours  Truly,  13 
Substitute,  Banan-Nutro,  16 
Instant  Postum,   16 
Kellogg's  Cereal  Beverage, 

16 


^32 


INDEX 


Coffee,  Kneipp  Malt,  15 
Colburn,  The  A.   Co.,  98,   109, 

118 
Cold     Cream,     Almond     Dulce 
Hymettus  Honey,  184 
Colgate  &  Co.'s,  178 
Cr$me  de  Meridor,  179 
Crgme  Elcaya,  177 
Cr^me  Imperatrice,   179 
Crgme  Luxor,  179 
CrSme  Simon,  184 
Cr6me  Tokalon,  186 
Daggett  &  Ramsdeirs,  179 
Espey's   Fragrant,    179 
Gille's,  180 

Honey  and  Almond,  181 
Hubert's  Malvina,  181 
Hygienic  Cr6me  Eogiene,  180 
Imperatrix  Skin  Cream,  181 
Keeler's  Superior,  182 
Kosmeo,   181 
Luxor,  178 
merits  of,  173 
Palmolive  Cream,  181 
Plexo,  183 

Pond's  Vanishing,    183 
Priscilla  Parson's,    178 
simple  formula  for,  176 
Coleman  &  Co.,  22 
Colgate  &   Co.,   178,   199,  204, 

211,  220 
Colman,  J.  &  J.,  99 
Condensed  Milk,  61 
Aurora,  56 
Gail  Borden  Eagle  Brand, 

66 
Carnation  Brand,  69 
Hires,  68 


Condensed  Milk,  Libby,  McNeill 
&  Libby's,  58 
Sweet  Clover  Brand,  59 
Swiss,  56 
Soups,  Campbell's,  62 
Franco-American,  63 
Knorr's,  63 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby's, 

64 
Puro  Brands,  65 
Yours  Truly,  63 
Condiments,  adulterants  in,  96 

benzoate  of  soda  in,  96 
Cookies,  Chocolate  Tokens,  31 
Educator  Gluten,  29 
Edwards's  Bran,  29 
Lemon  Snaps,  32 
Nabisco,  32 
Old  Time  Sugar,  32 
Sunshine  Philopena  Almond, 

31 
Vienna  Sugar  Fingers,  31 
Zu-Zu  Ginger  Snaps,  32 
Corby  Brothers,  3 
Corn,  canned,  66,  67,  68,  70 
Corn    Products    Refining    Co., 

Ill,  117 
Corned  Beef,  Red  Cross  Brand, 

151 
Cornmeal,  Pamunkey  Mills,  84 
Cornstarch,      Kingsford's      Os- 
wego, 111 
Cottolene,  148 

Cottonseed  Oil,  153,  155,  157 
Coumarin,  definition  of,  114 
Cox,  J.  &  G.,  109 
Crab  Meat,  124 

Hayalan  Brand,  126 


INDEX 


Crab  Meat,  McMenamin  &  Co.'s, 

124 
Crackers,  Educatpr  Graham,  30 

Educator  Oatmeal,  30 

Graham,  32 

Sunshine  Graham,  31 
Cranberries,   D  e  h  y  d  r  o-Fresh, 

127 
Cranberry       Sauce,       Premier 

Brand,  47 
Crane,  James  C,  178,  204 
Cream  of  Tartar,  Slade's,  4 
Cream  of  Wheat  Co.,  75 
Creolin-Pearson,   138 
Cr6me  de  Meridor,  179 

Elcaya,  178 

Imperatrice,  179 

Luxor,  177 

Simon,  184 

Tokalon,  185 
Crescent  Mfg.  Co.,  118 
Crescent  Mapleine,  118 
Cresca   Company,   66,   99,    123, 

128,  159 
Cresco  Grits,  75 
Crisco,  148 

definition,  145 
Crittenton,  Charles  N.  Co.,  133, 

211 
Crosse    &    Blackwell,    14,    100, 

123,  160 
Crown  Lavender  Salts,  199 
Crown  Perfumery  Co.,  199 
Cruikshanks  Brothers  Co.,  160 
Crystal  Gelatin  Co.,  109 
Cudahy  Packing  Co.,  63 
Currant  Jelly,  160,  161 


Currants,     Dromedary     Brand, 

128 
Currie  Powder,  100 
Curtice  Brothers  Co.,  100,  160, 
Cuticura  Ointment,  141 
C.  N.  Disinfectant,  144 

Daggett  &  Ramsdell,  179 

Dalenut  Butter,  148 

Dandruff     Remedy,     Wildroot, 
192 
Salve,  Gill6's,  189 

Dates,  Dromedary  Brand,  128 

Davies,  K.  M.  &  Co.,  46 

Davis,  Frank  E.  Co.,  124 

Davis  Milling  Co.,  82 

Davis,  R.  B.  Co.,  3 

De  Groff,  Lewis  &  Son,  67,  128 

Del  Monte  brand  canned  fruits, 
45,  46 

De  Meridor  Co.,  179 

De  Miracle  Cremical  Co.,  194 
Depilatory,  194 

Denmark  Condensed  Milk  Co., 
57 

Dentacura  Co.,  220 

Derby,  H.  C.  Co.,  150 

Detoxyl,  139 

Deviled  Crab  Meat,  124 

Diamond  Crystal  Salt  Co.,  100 

Diamond  Delico,  109 

Diamond  Gelatin  Co.,  109 

Diamond  Nail  Enamel,  196 

Dioxogen,  140 

Dodge,   Walter   Luther   &   Co., 
134 

Dole's    Pure    Hawaiian    Pine- 
apple Juice,  23 


234 


INDEX 


Downs,  Jean,  134 

Dr.  Pray's  Gloria-Lily  Lotion, 

183 
Dralle,    (Hamburg),  199 
Dried    Beef,    Armour    &    Co/s, 

150 
Beechnut  Brand,  150 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby's, 

151 
Dry  Pits  Lotion,  195 
Dry  Pits  Lotion  Co.,  195 
Duflf,  P.  &  Sons,  170 
Duffy's  Apple  Juice,  21 
Duluth    Superior    Milling    Co., 

82 
Dunbar,  G.  W.  Sons  Co.,  67 
Durkee  &  Co.,  100 
Dwinell- Wright  Co.,  14,  17 


E.  C.  D.  Chemical  Co.,  134 
Eau  de  Cologne  Sea  Salt,  195 
Evaporated       Milk,       Borden's 
Peerless,  57 

Danish  Prize,  57 

Carnation  Brand,  69 

Our  Pet  Brand,  57 

Swiss,  56 

Van  Camp's,  60 
Educator  Toaster ettes,   30 
Edwards,  Elinor  E.,  29 
Ehman  Olive  Co.,  161 
Eisner  Mendelson  Co.,  23 
Ekenberg  Company,  82 
Emery  &  Co.,  124 
Empress  Mfg.  Co.,  188 
Eskay's  Albumenized  Food,  60 
Espey,  J.  E.,  179 


Evans'  Sons,  Lescher  &  Webb, 

Ltd.,  23,  134 
Every  Woman  Co.,  134 
Every  Woman's  Flesh  Reducer, 

134 
Eye  Cream,  Moras's,  139 
Extract  of  Beef,  Armour's,  62 
Cudahy's,  63 
of  Meat,  Liebig's,  64 
Extracts,  Bee  Brand,  119 
exaggerated  claims,  113 

F.  B.  Foronga  Nail  Bleach,  195 
F.    B.    Polpasta   Nail   Enamel, 

197 
Fairbank,  N.  K.  Co.,   148,  211 
Farwell  &  Rhines,  75,  83 
Fay,  C,  180 
Ferris,  F.  A.  &  Co.,  150 
Fig  Newtons,  31 
Figs,  Carque's  California,  127 

Cresca,  128 

Dromedary  Brand,  129 

Health  Brand,  128 
Finnan  Haddie,  123 
Fischer,  B.  &  Co.,   14,    17,  89, 

100 
Fish  Flake,  Davis's,  124 

Burnham  &  Morrill  Co.'s,  123 
Five  Kernels  Food  Co.,  75 
Fleischmann  Co.,  The,  3 
Floridine  Mfg.  Co.,  195 
Flour,  Aristos,  87 

Aunt  Jemima's  Pancake,  82 

Ceresota  Brand,  85 

Duluth  Imperial,  82 

Educator  Brands,  84 

Fountain  Brand,  83 


INDEX 


235 


Flour,  Fountain  Graham,  87 

Franklin  Mills,  83 

Gold  Medal,  87 

Golden    Touch    King   Midas, 
86 

Hecker's  Graham,  83 

Jireh,  84 

King  Arthur,  86 

Northern  Light  Brand,  85 

Occident,  86 

Old  Grist  Mill  Brand,  86 

Pillsbury's,  85 

Purina  Whole  Wheat,  85 

Superlative  Self-Raising,  84 

Swans  Down  Prepared,  84 
Flours,  adulterants  in,  79 

gluten,  80 

self-rising,  80 
Fluid  En-Ser-01,  134 
Force,  75 
Forest   Home    Farm,    83,    147, 

150 
Formamint  Tablets,  131 
Forquignon  Mfg.  Co.,  197 
Foss,  H.  D.  &  Co.,  36 
Foulds  Milling  Co.,  93 
Fox  River  Butter  Co.,  148 
Franco-American  Food  Co.,  63 
Franco-American  Hygienic  Co., 

180 
Frank  &  Son,  150 
Franklin  Mills  Co.,  83 
Frear,  Fred,  100 
Frederick  City  Packing  Co.,  67 
Freeman  Perfume  Co.,  204 
Freihofer's  Vienna  Baking  Co., 

93 
Fresno  Home  Packing  Co.,  128 


Fruit  Flavors,  Premium  Brand, 
119 

Gaidry,  Lowell  R.,  100 
Gannon,  E.  M.,  180 
Geisha  Importing  Co.,  205 
Gelatin,  107-108 
Boston  Crystal,  109 
Chalmers'  Transparent,  109 
Cox's,  109 
Knox's,  111 

Lipton's  Jelly  Tablets,  111 
Minute,  111 
Plymouth  Rock,  112 
Gelle  Fr^res,  199 
Genesee  Pure  Food  Cov,  110 
George  Washington  Coffee  Saleg 

Co.,  15 
"Get  Slim,"  134 
Gherkins,  161 
Giant  Chemical  Co.,  135 
Gill6,  E.,  180,  189,  204 
Gillet,  Martin  &  Co.,  17 
Ginger  Ale,  Aromatic,  25 

Celebrated  Club  Extra  Dry, 

22 
Delatour,  25 
Hywaco,  24 
Ross's  Royal,  25 
Standard,  25 
Tally-Ho,  25 
essence,  119,  120 
Giroux  Mfg.  Co.,  189 
Githens,  Rexsamer  &  Co.,  15 
Glucose  in  candies,  33 
Glenn's  Sulphur  Soap,  211 
Gluten   Bread,   Remmers'   Dia- 
betiker  loaves,  32 


236 


INDEX 


Gluten  flours,  80,  81 
Golden  Gate  Fruit  Co.,  23 
Gomi,  T.  D.,  206 
Gordon  &  Dilworth,  160,  161 
Gorman  &  Co.,  Inc.,  124 
Gorton  Pew  Fisheries  Co.,  124 
Gorton's  Boneless  Codfish,   124 
Graham,  Mrs.  Gervaise,   181 
Grand  View  Farm  Produce  Co., 

150 
Grape  Capsule  Co.,  135 
juice,  alcohol  in,  20 

Armour's,  21 

Red  Wine,  25 

Welch's,  25 
Grape  Nuts,  76 
Green  Bay  Canning  Co.,  67 
Greenhut-Siegel  Cooper  Co.,  67, 

83,  128 
Griffith-Durney  Co.,  46 
Grove,  E.  W.,  135 
Gumbert,  S.  &  Co.,  3 

Hagan's  Magnolia  Balm,  182 
Hair  Tonic,  Canthrox,  190 

Empress  Improved  Instan- 
taneous Hair   Color  Re- 
storer, 188,  189 
Gill6's  Spun  Gold,  189 
Hall's  Hair  Renewer,  189 
Hay's  Hair  Health,  190 
Lavona,  191 
Mme.  Seele's  French  Hair 

Bluing,  190 
Parisian  Sage,  189 
Parker's  Hair  Balsam,  189 
Petrole  Hahn  for  the  Hair, 
191 


Hair   Tonic,   Pinaud's   Eau   de 
Quinine,  190 
simple  formula,  187 
Hall,  R.  P.  &  Co.,  189 
Hall  &  Ruckel,  220 
Ham,  Dairy  Brand,  151 
Ferris's    Our    Trade    Mark, 

150 
Forest  Home  Farm,  150 
Frank  &  Son's  Lax,  150 
Jones  Dairy  Farm,  151 
Swift's  Premium,  152 
Deviled,    Libby,    McNeill    & 
Libby's,  151 
Underwood's,   152 
Potted,    Richardson    <fc    Rob- 
bins,  151 
Hansen's   Charles,    Laboratory, 

110 
Hanson  &  Jenks  Co.,  200 
Harris,  W.  B.  Co^  15^  18 
Haserat  Canneries  Co.,  67 
Hawaiian  Pine  Apple  Products 
Co.,  23 
Pineapple  Co.,  46 
Hay's  Hair  Health,   190 
Hearns  &  Jones,  170 
Hecker  Cereal  Co.,  83 
H  e  c  k  e  r- Jones- Jewell    Milling 

Co.,  84 
Heide,  Henry,  36 
Heinz,  H.  J.   Co.,  67,  93,   101, 

110,  148,  155,  161 
Heller-Bar nham  Co.,  36 
Helvetia  Milk  Condensing  Co., 

57 
Hershey  Chocolate  Co.,  36 
Heyer,  George  W.,  205 


INDEX 


23t 


Higgins,  Wm.  H.  &  Co.,  128 
Hill  Brothers  Co.,  128 
Hinds,  A.  S.,  181,  212 
Hind's     Honey     and     Almond 

Cream  Soap,  212 
Hipolite  Company,  The,  110 

Snow-Mallow,  110 
Hire  Household  Extract,  23 
Hires,  Charles  E.  Co.,  23 

Condensed  Milk  Co.,  58 
Hiscox  Chemical  Works,  189 
H.  O.  Company,  75 
Hoff,  Johann,  23 
Holbrook  &  Co.,  101 
Holland  Rusk  Co.,  29 
Hominy,  canned,  70 
Hominy,  White  Rose  Brand,  77 
Honey,  Acme  Brand,  170 

adulterants  in,  169 

Emerson  Brand,  172 

Golden  Tree,  171 

Premier  Brand,  170 
Hopewell  Dainties,  36 
Horlick's  Malted  Milk  Co.,  68 
Hormel,  G.  A.  &  Co.,  151 
Hornby'fl  Oatmeal,  75 
Houston  Packing  Co.,  161 
Howard,  J.  F.,  101 
Hoyt,  W.  M.  Co.,  63 
Hubert,  Prof.,  181 
Hudnut,  Richard,  200,  205,  212 
Hulled  Corn,  Van  Camp*s,  70 
Humbert  &  Andrews,  161,  170 
Hunt  Brothers,  46 
Huyler*s,  8,  36 

Hygeia  Distilled  Water  Co.,  24 
Hygienic  Food  Co.,  76 
Hydrox-Chemical  Co.,  135 


Hydrox     Hydrogen     Peroxide, 

135 
Hydroxyl-Free   Cod   Liver   Oil, 

138 

Igleheart  Brothers,  84 
Imperatrix  Co.,  181 
Imperial  Granum  Co.,  58 
Infant's  Food,  48-51 

Benger's  56 

Eskay's  Albumenized  Food, 
60 

Imperial  Granum,  58 

Mead's  Dextri-Maltose,  58 

Mellin's  Food,  59 

Nestl^'s  Food,  59 

Patch's  Powdered  Sugar  of 
Milk,  60 
Invert  Sugar,  164 
Illinois  Canning  Co.,  68 
Ivins'  Sons,  29 

Jad  Brand  Salts,  136 
Jad  Salts  Co.,  136 
Jams,  159,  160,  161 
Jaques  Mfg.  Co.,  4 
Jefferson  Pickle  Co.,  161 
Jellies,  159,  160,  161,  162 
Jello  Lemon,  110 
Jennings  Company,  200 
Jergens,  Andrew  Co.,  212 
Jireh  Diabetic  Food  Co.,  29,  76, 

84,  93 
Johann  Hoff'a  Malt  Extract,  23 
Johnson,  B.  J.  Soap  Co.,  181, 

190,  212 
Johnson  Educator  Food  Co.,  29, 

84 


INDEX 


Johnson  &  Johnson,  213 
Johnston,   (Milwaukee),  37 
Jones  Dairy  Farm,  148,   167 
Junket  tablets,  110 

Karo,  170 

Ketchup,      Curtice     Brother's, 
100 

Olney  Canning  Co.'s,  103 
Keeler,  Charles  C,  182 
Kellogg  Food  Co.,  15 

Toasted  Corn  Flake  Co.,  76 
Kewpie  Kandies,  38 
Kidd,  Mrs.  E.  G.,  161 
Kidney  Beans,  canned,  68 
Kimball,  Lucile,  136 
Kimball  &  Marxsen  Rice  Pro- 
ducts Co.,  89 
Kinox,  137 
Kinox  Company,  137 
Kippered  Herring,  Davis's,  124 
Kirk,  James  S.  Co.,  206,  213 
Klein's    (Budapest),  213 
Kneipp  Malt  Food  Co.,  15 
Knorr,  C.  H.,  63 
Knox,  Charles  B.  Co.,  Ill 
Knox-Crutchfield,  85 
Koenig  &  Schuster,  68,  129 
Kohler,    Peter    Cailler,    Swiss 

Chocolates  Co.,  8 
Kolynos  Co.,  221 
Kornol,  132 
Kosmeo,  181 

Lambert  Pharmacal  Co.,  137 
Lamb's  Tongues,  Derby  Brand, 

150 
Landshut,  Karl,  137 


Lanman  &  Kemp,  200 
Lanning,  Wm.  &  Son,  47 
Lard,  Armour's  "Simon  Pure," 
147 
Forest  Home  Farm,  147 
Jones  Dairy  Farm,  148 
Silver-Leaf  Brand,  148 
Lavona   (Hair  Tonic),  191 
Lavoris  Chemical  Co.,  221 
Lavox  Co.,  The,   190 
Laxative  Bromo-Quinine,  135 
Lazell,  200 
Lea  &  Per r ins,  101 
Leggett,  Francis  H.  &  Co.,  47, 

68,  89,   161,   170 
Lehn  &  Fink,  137,  205,  221 
Lemon  Extract,   116,  117,  118, 

119,  120,  121 
Lemos,  Brooke's  21 
Lemon  Soda,  24 

Snaps,  32 
Lentils,  canned,  69 
Leslie-Durham  &  Co.,  171 
Lever  Brothers  Co.,  213 
Levering  Coffee  Co.,  15 
Levy,  Ben.  Co.,  205 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby,  47,  58, 

64,  68,  101,  151,  155,  160 
Liebig's   Extract  of  Meat  Co., 

64 
Lilly,  Eli  &  Co.,  213 
Lima  Beans,  canned,  66,  68,  70 
Lime-Fruit    Juice,    Montserrat, 

23 
Lime  Juice,  Rose's  Pure  West 

Indian,  25 
Lipton,  18,  111 
Liss,  George  &  Co.,  68,  124 


INDEX 


Listerine,  137 

Lockyer  &  Co.,  15 

Logan     Berries,     Del     Monte 

Brand,  45 
Loose-Wiles  Biscuit  Co.,  30,  37 
Lord    Brothers    Co.,    124 
Louisenbad  Keduction  Salt,  137 
Love,  J.  S.,  171 
Lowney,  Walter  M.  Co.,  8,  37 
Luden,  W.  H.,   137 
Lustr-ite  Nail  Enamel,  196 
Luxor  Bath  Powder,   194 

Tooth  Paste,  219 
Lyon,  I.  W.  &  Sons,  221 
Lyon  Mfg.  Co.,  182 
Lysol,  137 


McConnick  &  Co.,  118 

M  c  F  a  d  d  e  n-Wiesfl-Kyle    Rice 

Milling  Co.,  89 
Mcllhenny  Co.,  68 
Mcllhenny,  E.,   101 
McKesson  &  Bobbins,  222 
McMechen  Preserving  Co.,   102 
McMenamin  &  Co.,  124 
McMonagle  &  Kogers,  119 
Macaroni,  food  qualities,  91 

Freihofer's  Egg,  93 

Fould's,  93 

Golden  Egg  Brand,  93 

Jireh's,  93 

Woodcock's  94 

Yours  Truly,  94 
Mackerel,    Davis's,    124 
Madame  Yale's  Skip  Food,  17tJ 
Maillard,  Henry,  8 
MaillardB,  37 


Manufacturing  Co.  of  America, 

37 
Maple  Syrup,  Leslie's,  171 
Log  Cabin,  172 
mixtures,  167 
Pride     of     the     Ad-i-ron- 

dacks,  169 
Vermont,  172 
Vermont  Maple  Sap,  171 
Mapl-Flake,  76 
Marietta  Stanley  Co.,  182 
Marinello  Company,  206 
Marmalade,  160,  161,  162 
Marshmallow      Whip,       Whit- 
man's 112 
Marshmallows,  Angelus,  39 

Heide's,  36 
Martindale,  Thomas  &  Co.,  138 
Marzahl,  W.,  102 
Malt    Extract,    Johann    Hoff's, 
23 
Wyeth's  Liquid,  25 
Malt  Nutrine,  21 
Malted  Beef,  Thompson's,  65 
Milk,  A.  D.  S.,  55 
Borden's,  57 
Horlick's,  58 
Thompson's,  55 
Maspero,  C,  Inc.,  155 
Maul  Brothers,  94 
Mayer,  Alfred,  37 
Mead,  Johnson  &  Co.,  68 
Meat,    Potted,    Libby,   McNeiH 

&  Libby's,  161 
Meats,    dried,    adulterant*    in, 

149 
Medical  Formula  Co.,  138 
Mellin's  Food  Co.,  69 


240 


INDEX 


Mennen,  Crerhard  Chemical  Co., 

206,  222 
Menthol  Cough  Drops,  137 
Mentholated  Vaseline,  133 
Mentholatum,  138 
Mentholatum  Company,   138 
Menton§  Co.,  The,  155 
Merck  &  Co.,  15,  138 
Merrell  Soule  Co.,  59,  111 
Middendorf  &  Rohrs,  68 
Milk,  Condensed,  Aurora,  56 
Gail  Borden  Eagle  Brand, 

56 
Carnation  Brand,  60 
Swiss,  56 
Hires,  58 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby's, 

58 
Sweet  Clover  Brand,  59 
Chocolate,  Borden's,  36 
Evaporated,    Borden's    Peer- 
lessj  57 
Banish  Prize,  57 
Our  Pet  Brand,  67 
Swiss,  56 
Van  Camp's,  60 
Malted,  A.  D.  S.,  65 
Borden's,  57 
Horlick's,  58 
Thompson's,  65 
official  standard,  52 
substitute,   Klim,   59 
Mince  Meat,  Gold  Medal,  110 

None  Such,  111 
Mints,  U-All-No,  37 

Wadsworth's,  39 
Minute  Tapicoa  Co.,  Ill 


Mohawk   Condensed  Milk   Co., 
59 

Valley  Cider  Co.,  102 
Molasses,  170,  171 

and  syrups,  165 
Moller,  Peter,  138 
Montserrat    Lime-Fruit    Juice, 

23 
Moras,  Dr.  E.  R.,  139 
Morehouse  Mills,  102,  148,  162 
Morgan's,  Enoch,  Sons  Co.,  213 
Morris  &  Co.,  148 
Moxie  Co.,  24 
Mueller,  C.  F.  Co.,  94 
Mtihlens  &  Kropflf,  195,  214 
Mum  (Deodorant),  195 
Mum  Mfg.  Co.,  195 
Murray,  Joseph  T.,  196 
Mushrooms,  canned,  66 
Mustard,  98,  102,  106 
Musterole,  139 

Company,  139 

Nabisco,  32 

Napoleon  Pharmacal  Co.,  206 

National  Biscuit  Co.,  31 

Candy  Co.,  38 

Canner's  Association,  43 

Oats  Co.,  76 

Onion  Salt  Co.,  102 

Pure  Food  Co.,  65 

Starch  Co.,  Ill 
Native  Herbs,   132 
Nesnah  Desserts,   110 
Nestle,  Henri,  59 
New     England     Confectionery 
Co.,  38 
Maple  Syrup  Co.,  102,  171 


INDEX 


241 


New  Skin,  140 

Company,  140 
Nikola  Bathing  Compound  and 
Weight  Keducer,  140 

Chemical  Co.,   140 
North  Maine  Packing  Co.,  69 
Northern  Light  Milling  Co.,  85 
N  o  r  t  hwestern       Consolidated 

Milling  Co.,  85 
Nugatines,  Huyler's,  36 

Lowney's,  37 

Park  &  Tilford's,  38 
Numsen,  Wm.  &  Sons,  69 
Nunnally    (Atlantic,  Ga.),  38 
Nut    Cream    Butter,    Carque's, 

147 
Nutmeg  Flavor,  119 

0.  T.  Limited,  24 
Oakland  Chemical  Co.,  140 
Obesity  Remedy,  136 
Odor-0-No,  196 
Odorono  Co.,  196 
Okra,  canned,  68 
Oleomargarine,   145 

Baby  Brand,  147 

Marigold,  148 

Swift's  Jersey  Brand,  148 

Swift's  Premium  Brand,  148 
Olive  Oil,  adulterants  in,  154, 
153 
Grapes,  135 
Olive  Oils,  154,  155,  156 

California  Ehman,  161 

Carque's  California,  127 

Queen,  161 
Olney,  Burt,   Packing  Co.,  69, 
103,  163 


Olmsted,  Allen  S.,  140 

Ongoline,  196 

Onion  Extract,  116,  119 

Salt,  99,  102 
Orange  Ade,  23 

Extract,  116,  118,  119 
Ovite,  111 
Ovite  Mfg.  Co.,  Ill 

Pacific  Coast  Condensed  Milk 

Co.,  60 
Packer  Mfg.  Co.,  214 
Pakatin-Biscuit,  30 
Palisade     Manufacturing     Co., 

103 
Pamunkey  Mills  Old  Virginia 

Cornmeal,  85 
Panama  Banana  Fruit  Co.,  16 
Pancake  Flour,  Aunt  Jemima's 

Brand,  82 
Pancake  Flour,  Teco  Brand,  82 
Paris  Medicine  Co.,  135 
Park  &  Tilford,  38,  171 
Parker's  Hair  Balsam,  189 
Patch,  The  E.  L.  Co.,  60 
Pat6  de  Foies  Gras,  150 
Peabody,  Henry  W.,  125 
Peach  Flavor,  117,   119 
Peaches,  Del  Monte  Brand,  45 
evaporated,   127,  128 
Hunt  Brothers,  46 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby's,  47 
Siegel      Cooper's      Fountain 
Brand,  47 
Peanut  Butters,   146 

Beechnut  Brand,    147 

Heinz's,  148 

Mrs.  Morehouse's,  148 


£42 


INDEX 


Peanut  Butters,  Nut-Let,  147 

Yours  Truly,  148 
Pears,  A.  F.,  Ltd.,  214 
Del  Monte  Brand,  46 
evaporated,   128 
Hunt  Brothers,  46 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby's,  47 
Silver  Lake  Brand,  47 
Troubadour  Brand,  46 
Peas,  canned,  66,  67,  68,  69,  70 
Penick  &  Ford,  171 
Pepper,  99,  104 
Pepper,  Dr.  Co.,  24 
Peppermint  Essence,  119,  121 
Peredixo  Cream,   177 
Perfumes,  199,  200,  201 
Peter     Cailler     Kohler     Swiss 

Chocolates  Co.,  8,  38 
Peterson,  H.  S.  &  Co.,  190 
Phillips,  Charles  H.,  Chemical 

Co.,  8 
Phillips  Packing  Co.,  69 
Philo  Hay  Specialties  Co.,  190 
Pickles,  161 
Pierce,  S.  S.  Co.,  26 
Pike's      Universal      Toothache 

Drops,  133 
Pillsbury  Flour  Mills  Co.,  85 
Pinaud,  Ed.,  190,  200 
Pineapple,    Del    Monte    Brand, 
45 
extract,  116,  117,  119 
Hawaiian     Sliced,     Paradise 

Island  Brand,  46 
Libby,    McNeill    &    Libby's, 

47 
Siegel      Cooper's      Fountain 
Brand,  47 


Pineapple    Juice,    Dole's    Pure 

Hawaiian,  23 
Pistachio  Flavor,  116,  117 
Pitkin,  J.  M.  &  Co.,  120 
Plexo  Preparations,   Inc.,    183, 

206 
Plum  Pudding,  Heinz,  110 
Del  Monte  Brand,  46 
Troubadour  Brand,  46 
Plymouth    Rock    Gelatin    Co., 

112 
Pompeian  Company,  156 
Mfg.  Co.,  183 
Massage  Cream,  183 
Pond,  E.  K.  Packing  Co.,  151 
Pond's  Extract,  140 
Pond's  Extract  Co.,  140,  183 
Pork  and  Beans,  canned,  67,  68, 

70,  71 
Porto  Rico  Trading  Co.,  Inc., 

16 
Post  Toasties,  76 
Postum  Cereal  Co.,  16,  76 
Potter  Drug  &   Chemical  Co., 

141,  214 
Potter  &  Wrightington,  16,  86 
Poultry  Seasoning,  98,  99 
PowelFs   (New  York),  38 
Pozzoni,  J.  A.  Pharmacal  Co., 

206 
Pozzoni's  Gold  Puflf  Box,  206 
Pratt-Low  Preserving  Co.,  162 
Pray,  Dr.  J.  Parker,  183,  196, 

206 
Premium  Fruit  Flavors,  119 
Preserves,  159,  160,  161,  162 

adulterants  in,  157 
Price  Baking  Powder  Co.,  4 


INDEX 


Price    Flavoring    Extract    Co., 

120 
Priscilla   Parsons   Perspiration 

Preventative,  194 
Pritchard,  E.,  103 
Proctor  &  Gamble  Co.,  149,  214 
Pumpkin,  canned,  69 
Pura  Mfg.  Co.,  184,  207 
Pure  Gluten  Food  Co.,  141 
Pure  Wheat  Products,  83 
Purina  Mills,  85 
Puritan  Fruit  Products  Co.,  25 
Pyro  Chemical  Co.,  222 
Pyrodentor,  222 

Quaker  Oats  Co.,  77 

Puffed  Kice,  77 

Puffed  Wheat,  77 
Quimby,  W.  S.  Co.,  16,  18 

Rabb,  Charles,  103 
Rae,  S.  &  Co.,  166 
Raisins,  Berry  Brand,  128 

Blue  Ribbon  Brand,  128 

Cresca,   128 

Del  Monte  Brand,  127 

Golden  West  Brand,  128 

Ideal  '^ot-a-Seed,"  127 

Princess  Brand,  120 

Royal  Scarlet,  129 

White  Rose  California,  129 
Ralston  Purina  Co.,  77 
Raspberries,  Williamson  Brand, 

46 
Raspberry  Extract,  116^  117 
Raw  Food,  Tyler's,  78 
Remmers,  214 
Remmers,  B.  &  Sona,  32 


Resinol  Soap  Co.,  215 
Rex  Wrinkle  Pencil,  184 
Rexall  Tooth  Powder,  223 
Rice,  Apex  Brand,  89 

Carque's  Natural  Whole,  89 

Comet  Brand,  90 

Hotel  Astor,  89 

Leggett's  Natural  Brown,  89 

White  Swan  Granulated,  89 
Rich,  E.  C,  112 

Richardson  &  Robbins,  65,  151 
Ricinol  Grape,  135 
Rieger,     the     California     Per- 
fumer, 200 
Ritter  Conserve  Co.,  103 
Robertson    Preserve    Co.,    The 

James,  162 
Roessler  &  Hasslacher  Chemical 

Co.,  215 
Roger  &  Gallet,  200,  215 
Roman  Meal,  85 

Meal  Co.,  85 
Rosaline,  197 
Rose  Flavor,  118,  119,  120,  121 

L.  &  Co.,  25 

Petal    Wrinkle    Cream    Co., 
184 
Ross,  W.  A.  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  26 
Royal  Baking  Powder,  4 

Lunch,  32 

Mfg.  Co.,  184 

Olvules,  138 

Specialty  Co.,  65 

Tooth  Powder,  219 
Rueckheim  Bros.  &  Eckstein,  S9 
Rimiford  Chemical  Works,  4 
Rusks,  Holland,  29 

Jireh  Diatetic,  29 


^44 


INDEX 


Russell-Miller  Co.,  86 

Salad     Dressings,     adulterants 
in,  96 
Durkee's,  100 
Mrs.     Morehouse's     Cream 

Brand,  102 
My  Wife's,  100 
Yacht  Club,  105 
Yours  Truly,  105 
Salada  Tea  Co.,  18 
Saleratus,  Slade's,  4 
Salmon,  Highwood  Brand,  124 
Red  Heart  Brand,  124 
Royal  Scarlet,  125 
Salt,  Ivory  Shaker,  105 

Shaker  Table,  100 
Saltine  Biscuits,  32 
Sam  Katz  Company,  141 

Oxygen  Treatment  for  Ca- 
tarrh, 141 
Sands,  Taylor  &  Wood  Co.,  86 
Sandwich,  cheese,  31 
Sanitol    Chemical    Laboratory 

Co.,  223 
Sardines,  California,  123 
Emery  &  Co.'s  deviled,  124 
Salome  Brand,   123 
Skipper,  125 
Sargol,  142 
Sargol  Company,  142 
Sarsaparilla,  Hywaco,  24 

Tally-Ho,  25 
Sartoin,  175 
Sauer,  C.  F.  Co.,  120 
Sauer  Kraut,  canned,  68 
Sausage,    Forest    Home    Farm, 
li50 


Sausage,  Frank  &  Son's,  150 
Grand   View   Farm   Produce 

Co.'s,  160 
Jones  Dairy  Farm,  151 
Schieffelin  &  Co.,  65,  138 
Schraflft's   (New  York),  39 
Schuyler,  A.  C,  25 
Scrapple,   Forest   Home  Farm, 

150 
Sea  Beach  Packing  Works,  125 
Seaboard  Rice  Milling  Co.,  77, 

90 
Seaman  Brothers,  69,  77,   129 
Seele-Thompson  Co.,  190 
Sel  Amaigrissant,  133 
"Sempre  Giovine,"  182 
Shac   (Headache  Cure),  143 
Shampoo,  A.  D.  S.  Liquid,  188 
Canthrox,  190 
Gille's  Spun  Gold,  189 
Johnson's  Palm-Olive,  190 
La  vox,  190 

Swedish  Hair  Powder,  192 
Ward's  Dandru-Cide,  192 
Powders,  adulterants  in,  187 
Shane  Brothers  &  Wilson  Co., 

86 
Sheboygan  Mineral  Water  Co., 

25 
Sheffield   Dentrifice   Co.,   223 
Shredded  Wheat  Co.,  77 
Shrimp,  Davis's,  124 
Siegel  Cooper  Co.,  47,  69,  87 
Sills,  John  S.  &  Sons,  70 
Simon,  J.,  184 
Skin  Food,  180 
Smith,  Kline  &  French,  60 
Snider,  T.  A.,  Preeervei  Co.,  105 


INDEX 


246 


Slade,  D.  &  L.,  Co.,  4,  104,  121 
Soap,  A.  D.  S.  Improved  Foot, 
210 

A.  D.  S.  Kurakutic,  210 

Cashmere  Bouquet,  211 

Colgate's  Heliotrope,  211 

Caticura,  214 

Fairy,  211 

Glenn's  Sulphur,  211 

Hand  Sapolio,  213 

Hind's    Honey    and    Almond 
Cream,  212 

Hudnut's  Violet  Sec,  212 

Ivory,  214 

Jap-Eosej  213 

Jergen's     Violet     Glycerine, 
212 

Johnson's  Palm  Olive,  212 

Klein's  Glycerin,  213 

Lifebuoy  Health,  213 

Lilly's  Liquid,  213 

Olivilo,  215 

Packer's  Tar,  214 

Pears,  214 

Peroxide  Zinc,  215 

Remmer's  Peroxide,  214 

Resinol,  215 

Savon  de  Toilette  Luxor,  211 

Savon  Violette,  215 

Synol,  213 

White  Rose  Glycerin,  214 

Woodbury's  Facial,  212 

Zap,  211 
Soaps,  cleansing  power,  209 
Soft  drinks,  impurities  of,  19 
Soups,    Condensed,    Richardson 
&  Robbin's,  65 
Campbell's,  62 


Soups,  Franco-American,  63 
Knorr's,  63 
Libby,  McNeill  &  Libby's, 

64 
Puro  Brands,  65 
Yours  Truly,  63 
Southern   California  Fish  Co., 
125 
Cotton  Oil  Co.,  156 
Southwestern  Milling  Co.,  87 
Sozodont  Tooth  Paste,  220 
Spaghetti,  Faust  Brand,  94 
Fould's,  93 
food  qualities,  91 
Heinz  canned,  93 
Mueller's,  94 
Van  Camp's  canned,  94 
Yours  Truly,  94 
Spencer  Kellogg  &  Sons,  143 
Spices,  98 

Colburn'Si  98,  99 
Fischer  &  Co.'s,  100 
Slade's,   104 
Stickney  &  Poor's,  106 
Yours  Truly,  105 
Spinach,  canned,  66,  67,  68,  69, 

70 
Sponge  Lady  Fingers,  32 
Sprague,  Warner  &  Co.,  16 
Stafford-Miller  Co.,  208 
Standard    Bottling   &    Extract 

Co.,  25 
Stearns,  Frederick  &  Co.,  143 
Steero  Bouillon  Cubes,  65 
Stenzie,  197 
Stenzie  Mfg.  Co.,  197 
Sterizol,   (Antiseptic),  143 
Sterizol  Sales  Co.,  143 


246 


INDEX 


Stickney  &  Poor  Spice  Co.,  105, 

121 
Stillman's   Freckle   Cream   Co., 

185 
Stollwerck  Brothers,  Inc.,  9 
Strawberries,    Boyle's    Victory 

Brand,  45 
Strawberry  Extract,    116,    117, 

120 
Stromeyer,  J.  &  Co.,  172 
Succotash,  eanned,  67,  69 
Suchard    (Switzerland),  39 
Sugar,  cane  and  beet,  163 
Crystal  Domino,  169 
invert,   164 
Sulpho-Napthol,  143 
Sulpho-Napthol  Co.,  143 
Sunshine  Biscuit,  Wafers,  etc., 

30,  31 
Swans   Down    Cracked   Wheat, 

84 
Swedish  Hair  Powder,  191 
Swift  &  Co.,  148,  152 
Syrup,  Crystal  Domino,  169 
Park  «fc  Tilford's  Amber,  171 
Penn  Mar  Brand,  172 
Velva  Brand,  171 
Syrups,  adulterants  in,  167 
and  molasses,  165 

Tabasco    Pepper    Sauce,    Gai- 
dry's,   100 

Mcllhenn/s,  101 
Takoma  Biscuit,  31 
Tapioca,  Instantancoui,  109 

Minute,  111 

New  Process  Hasty,  109 
Teay  Dalmo7  Blttnd«  17 


Tea,  Golden  Dome  Orange  Pe- 
koe, 18 
Hotel  Astor,  17 
House  of  Lords  Ceylon,  17 
Juno  Mat^  Paraguayan,  17 
Lipton's,  18 

London  Blend  Brand,  17 
Magic  Cup  Soluble,  17 
"My  Own"  Blend,  18 
Royal  Stag,  17 
Salada,  18 
6a-Sa-Ma  Brand,  17 
Standard  HE-NO,  17 
Tetley's,  18 
White  House  Brand  Orange 

Pekoe,  17 
Yours  Truly,  18 
Teco     Brand    Buckwheat    and 

other  Flours,  83 
Tetley,  Joseph  &  Co.,  18 
Tetlow,  Henry,  207 
Theobromin  in  chocolate,  6 
Tildesley  &  Co.,  105 
Tiz,  134 

Toilet  Water,  200,  201 
To-Kalon   Mfg.    Co.,   Inc.,    185, 

191 
Tomatoes,   canned,   66,   67,    68, 

70 
Tongue,  Red  Cross  Brand,  151 
Tonic,  "O.  T.,"  24 
Tooth  Paste,  A.  D.  S.  Peredixo, 
219 
Colgate's     Ribbon     Dental 

Cream,  220 
Kolynos,  220 
Lavoris,  221 
Luxor,  219 


INDEX 


247 


Tooth  Paste,   Mennen's    Cream 
Dentifrice,  222 

Pebeco,  221 

Pyrodento,  223 

Sanitol,  223 

Sheffield's,  223 

Sozodont,  220 
Powder,  A.  D.  S.  Peroxide,  219 

Calox,  222 

Dentacura,  220 

Lyon's  Perfect,  221 

misleading  claims  for,  216- 
218 

Kexall,  223 

Royal,  219 
Toilet  Powder,  A.  D.  S.  Majes- 
tic Lilac  Talc,  203 

Armour's,  203 

Carmen  Complexion,  207 

Casma  Talcum,  201 

Colgate's    Violet    Talcum, 
204 

De  Pray's  Hy-Gen-ia,  206 

Elcaya  Rice  Powder,  204 

Freeman's  Medicated,  204 

Geisha,  208 

Gill6's,  204 

Heyer's  Prickly  Heat  Pow- 
der, 205 

Hudnut's  Violet  Sec,  205 

Hymettus  Rose-Violet,  207 

Jap-Rose  Talcum,  205 

Kutch  Sandalwood,  208 

La  Blanche,  207 

Marinello,  206 

Mennen's,  206 

Napoleon     Lilac     Af«ptic, 
206 


Toilet    Powder,    Oriental    Wis- 
taria Talcum,  205 
Plexo  Evening  White,  206 
Pozzoni's    Gold   Puff    Box, 

206 
Priscilla      Parsons      Face 

Powder,  203 
Riveris  Talcum,  205 
Royal  Violet,  203 
San  Toy  Talaum,  208 
Tetlow's  Superb  Gossamer, 

207 
Vogue  Liquid  Complexion, 

208 
Vogue  Poudre  de  Riz,  208 
Williams    Violet    Talcum, 

208 
Wistaria  Blossom  Talc,  208 
Toothache   Drops,    Pike's    Uni- 
versal, 133 
Tournade's    Kitchen     Bouquet, 

103 
Towle  Maple  Products  Co.,  172 
Troubadour       Brand       Canned 

Fruits,  46 
Tryphosa,   112 
Tuna,  Avalon  Brand,  125 

Blue  Sea,  125 
Twitchell-Champlin  Co.,  70 
Tyler,  Byron,  78 

Uncle  Sam  Breakfast  Food  Co., 
78 
Health  Food,  78 
Underwood,  W.  M.  Co.,  152 
Uneeda  Biscuits,  32 
United  Berne  Zurich  ChocoUt 

Mfg.  Co.,  ao 


^48 


INDEX 


United     Cereal     Mills,     Ltd., 
78 
Drug  Co.,  223 

Vagt,  R.,  172 

Van  Buskirk's  Sozodont  Tooth 

Paste,  220 
Van  Houten  &  Sons  (Holland), 

9 
Van  Camp  Packing  Co.,  60,  70, 

94 
Van-Ola,  183 
Van-Thomas  Co.,  125 
Vanilla  Extract,  116,  117,  119, 

120,  121 
Vanillin,  definition  of,  114 
Vantine,  A.  A.  &  Co.,  200,  208 
Vaseline,  132,  133 
Veal    Loaf,    Libby,  McNeill   & 

Libby's,  151 
Vegetable  extract,  Vegex,  62 
Vermont  Maple  Sugar  Maker's 

Market,  172 
Vibert,  F.,  191 
Victoria  Tea  Co.,  18 
Vienna  Sugar  Fingers,  31 
Vieno  Bran,  82 
Vieno-Self-Raising   Bran   Meal, 

82 
Vinegar,  Crosse  &  Blackweirs, 

100 
Heinz's,  101 
Marzahl's,  102 
Mohawk  Valley  Cider  Co/s, 

102 
Pinard  Brand,  99 
Wayne  County  Produce  Co/a, 

105 


Vinegars^  adulterants  in,  97 
Vogue  Perfumery  Co.,  201,  208 

Wadsworth  Chocolate  Co.,  39 
Wafers,  Chocolate,  31 

Educator,  30 

Epic,  31 

Ivins'  Bonnie,  29 

Ivins*  Lunch-on-Thin,  29 

Sunshine  Dessert,  31 

Sunshine  Tan  San,  31 

Vanilla,  32 
Wakelee's  Camelline,  180 
Waideyer  &  Betts,  192 
Warden  Company,  192 
Ward's  Dandru-Cide  Shampoo, 

191 
Washburn-Crosby  Co.,  87 
Washington  Crisps,  78 
Watson,  Angus  &  Co.,  125 
Wayne    County    Produce    Co., 

105 
Webster,  Fred  L.,  70 
Weight,  net,  of  canned  goods, 

42 
Welch  Brothers  Maple  Co.,  172 

Grape  Juice  Co.,  25 
Wesson  Snowdrift  Oil,  156 
West  Disinfecting  Co.,  144 
Wheatena  Company,  78 
White,  John  F.,  70 
Whitman,  Stephen  F.  &  Son,  9, 

40,  112 
Wilbur,  H.  0.  &  Sons,  40 
Wildroot  Chemical  Co.,  192 
Williams,  J.  B.  Co.,  208 
Williams;  R.  C.  &  Co.,  70,  126, 
129 


INDEX 


24-9 


Wincarni's,  22 

Wintergreen  essence,  117,  120 
Woodbury's  Facial  Soap,  212 
Woodcock  Macaroni  Co.,  94 
Wool  Heal,  144 
Woolheal  Chemical  Co.,  144 
Worcester  Salt  Co.,  105 
Worcestershire       Sauce,      Hol- 
brook's,  101 
Lea  &  Per r ins',   101 
Wrinkle  Eradicator^  194 


Wrisley,  Allen  B.  Co.,  201,  208, 

215 
Wulfing,  A.  &  Co.,  131 
Wyeth,  John  &  Bro.,  25 

Yeast,  Corby  Brothers*,  3 

Fleischmann's,  3 
Yours  Truly  Co.,  9,  18,  71,  78, 
94,  105,  121,  148 

Zu-Zu  Ginger  Snaps,  32 


VAIL-BALLOU  CO.,   BINGHAMTON   AND  NEW  YORK 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RE^-URN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


MAR  27    1934 


^%J 


Wlh 


^>^ 


52MP 


m.  26193S 


l^mi.:i 


^G^h-rr 


?% 


APR  1619Sa 


■'H<^2  6(9^5[.fi 


?Jj 


OCT27l940fti 


^17" 


^":i>V^»;- . 


t:it 


MAh  14  VJ^"'^' 


MAR29196Z 


LD  21-100m-7,'33 


Q4i^  J- 


VB  G7Q27/ 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAIvIFORNIA  IvIBRARY         ^ 


